Biochemistry (312)

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Chemistry

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Nov 24, 2024

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Chapter 1 Biochemistry and the Unity of Life 314 B) The amino acids coded by codons, where all three positions can be the same nucleotide, generate the optimal oligonucleotide; therefore, serine and leucine. C) The amino acids coded by codons, where the first two positions are the same, generate the optimal oligonucleotide; therefore, serine and leucine. D) The amino acids with the least number of codons would not provide enough variation for all necessary oligonucleotides; therefore, leucine and serine. E) The amino acids with the least number of codons would require the fewest number of nucleotide probes; therefore, tryptophan and methionine. 1208 In the controlled termination method of DNA sequencing, in what direction do you read the nucleotide sequence and why? A) Reading the gel from the top to the bottom gives the sequence in the 5 to 3 direction; shorter fragments that were terminated early in polymerization move faster down the gel. B) Reading the gel from the top to the bottom gives the sequence in the 5 to 3 direction; longer fragments that were terminated early in polymerization move faster down the gel. C) Reading the gel from the bottom to the top gives the sequence in the 5 to 3 direction; shorter fragments that were terminated early in polymerization move faster down the gel. D) Reading the gel from the bottom to the top gives the sequence in the 5 to 3 direction; longer fragments that were terminated later in polymerization move faster down the gel. E) Reading the gel from the bottom to the top gives the sequence in the 3 to 5 direction; shorter fragments that were terminated early in polymerization move faster down the gel. 1209 Controlling stringency may be the most important parameter in PCR. If you want to check a gene from two distantly related species, for example, humans vs. zooplankton, what kinds of stringency measures would you take? A) Start PCR annealing temperatures high to see if there are similar sequences. B) Lower PCR annealing temperatures slowly if no product is formed. C) Adjust salt concentrations to achieve maximum ionic strength. D) Synthesize primers corresponding to the ends of the gene. E) All of the above. 1210 How does the genome differ from the transcriptome? A) The genome is all of the genes in the DNA of a species, whereas the transcriptome is only those that are unique to an individual. B) The genome is all of the genes in the DNA of a cell, whereas the transcriptome is only those that are expression within a specific tissue. C) The genome is the genes that encode for proteins in a cell, whereas the transcriptome is only those proteins that are needed for steady-state levels of a particular cell. D) The transcriptome is all genes that can be transcribed by a cell, whereas the genome is the complete DNA sequence of the cell. E) The genome does not contain untranslated regions of the DNA but the transcriptome include all transcribed regions of the DNA.

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