Substance+Use+Disorder

pptx

School

Centennial College *

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Course

W2021

Subject

Chemistry

Date

Nov 24, 2024

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pptx

Pages

22

Uploaded by Abby3004

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SUBSTANCE USE DISORDERS Group 14: Dharma Bonneau Madison Genier Jenna Kopman Sydney Manis Alanna Saffran Sivan Schreier
WHAT IS ADDICTION TO SUBSTANCES? Addiction can be described very broadly by using the 4 C’s (CAMH, n.d.): ● Craving ● Loss of Control of amount or frequency of use ● Compulsion to use ● Use despite Consequences
NEUROBIOLOGICAL EFFECTS ● Repeated and prolonged exposure to substances overtime ● Dopamine → Important neurotransmitter that plays a role in addiction ● Activation of the reward pathway reinforces behaviour ● Affects voluntary control over the use of substances
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DSM-V CLASSES OF SUBSTANCES ● Alcohol ● *Caffeine ● Cannabis ● Hallucinogens ● Inhalants ● Opioids ● Sedatives ● Hypnotics ● Anxiolytics ● Stimulants ● Tobacco ● Other
DSM-V CRITERIA FOR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER 1. Taking the substance in larger amounts or for longer than you're meant to. 2. Wanting to cut down or stop using the substance but not managing to. 3. Spending a lot of time getting, using, or recovering from use of the substance. 4. Cravings and urges to use the substance. 5. Not managing to do what you should at work, home, or school because of substance use. 6. Continuing to use, even when it causes problems in relationships. 7. Giving up important social, occupational, or recreational activities because of substance use. 8. Using substances again and again, even when it puts you in danger. 9. Continuing to use, even when you know you have a physical or psychological problem that could have been caused or made worse by the substance. 10. Needing more of the substance to get the effect you want (tolerance). 11. Development of withdrawal symptoms, which can be relieved by taking more of the substance. *2-3 symptoms mild → substance use disorder *4-5 symptoms moderate → substance use disorder *6+ symptoms severe → substance use disorder
PREVALENCE IN CANADA 1 in 5 Canadians aged 15 or older experience a substance use disorder in their life (Pearson et al. 2015)
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RISK FACTORS
RISK FACTORS GENETIC FACTORS ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AGE MENTAL ILLNESS SUBSTANCE USE HISTORY LIFE EXPERIENCES (CAMH, n.d.; Marel et al., 2019; Rehab After Work, 2021)
Addiction can be both the cause and a result of homelessness (Michael’s House Treatment Centers, 2017) AFFECTED POPULATIONS HOMELESS INDIGENOUS First Nations people are disproportionately represented in toxic drug deaths (First Nations Health Authority, 2021) LGBTQ2S+ LGBTQ adults are almost twice as likely to suffer from a substance abuse disorder (Ackermann, 2021) VETERANS More than 20% of veterans with PTSD also suffer from an addiction to or a dependence on drugs or alcohol (Juergens, 2022) ATHLETES An estimated 67% of bodybuilders use steroids, 52% of professional football players use opioids, and up to 93% of college athletes use alcohol (Guarnotta, 2022)
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NURSING INTERVENTIONS
NURSING INTERVENTIONS Health Promotion and Education (RNAO, 2015) Relapse Prevention Motivational Interviewing Withdrawal Management/ Pharmacotherapy Family-Based Therapy CBT
Nursing Diagnosis ● Risk for injury related to substance intoxication or withdrawal ● Ineffective denial related to underlying fears and anxieties ● Ineffective coping related to inadequate support system or coping skill ● Imbalanced nutrition related to drinking alcohol instead of eating nourishing foods (Belleza, 2021)
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NURSING ASSESSMENTS Screening Tools - Preliminary Questions
CRAFFT 2.1 Screening Tool for Adolescents Drink more than a few sips of beer, wine, or any drink containing alcohol? Use any marijuana (cannabis, weed, oil, wax, or hash by smoking, vaping, dabbing, or in edibles) or “synthetic marijuana” (like “K2,” “Spice”)? Use a vaping device* containing nicotine and/or flavors, or use any tobacco products? Use anything else to get high (like other illegal drugs, pills, prescription or over-the- counter medications, and things that you sniff, huff, vape, or inject)? During the past 12 months how many days did you: (Kunyk, 2019)
“CAGE” - CUT, ANNOYED, GUILT, EYE-OPENER Have you ever tried to cut down on your drinking or other drug use? Have you ever felt angry at or annoyed by someone else’s comments about your drinking or other drug use? Have you ever felt guilty about your drinking or other drug use? Have you ever used alcohol or other drugs as an eye-opener, that is, have you used first thing in the morning? Screening tool for general population + older adults (CAMH, n.d)
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PREGNANT INDIVIDUALS SMOKING CESSATION ● Universal screening for individuals that are pregnant or plan to get pregnant ● Stigma and lack of reporting of substance abuse ● AUDIT - Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (General Population + Pregnant people) ● Canadian Best Guidelines for Smoking Cessation ● RNAO encourages all nurses to be involved in smoking cessation for patients ● Patients tobacco use status should be continually updated (Kunyk, 2019) (Price et al., 2018)
NURSING IMPLICATIONS
“Nurses are expected to uphold principles of justice by safeguarding human rights, equity and fairness and by promoting the public good” NURSES AS HEALTH ADVOCATES (Kunyk & Els, 2019)
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STIGMA Stigma leads to avoidance and mistrust of the healthcare system Studies found health care professionals often have negative attitudes toward patients with substance use disorders Can be attributed to lack of knowledge (Van Boekel, et al., 2018)
THERAPEUTIC RELATIONSHIPS ● Incorporating harm reduction model ● Trauma enforced approach ● Cultural competence and cultural safety ● Recovery perspective (RNAO, 2015)
Breaking Free Online ● Supports individuals at all stages of recovery. Provides behaviour changes techniques and help with managing high-risk situations. ● Accessible online, 24/7 Addiction Services of Thames Valley ● Screening, Assessment, Treatment Planning and Addiction Treatment ● Provides information and support for family members ● Working towards creating low- barrier and streamlined access to service and support in the region RESOURCES
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THANK YOU! Now time for questions!
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