Robert_Charity_ITEC630-MidtermExam_Spring_2024

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ITEC 630 Midterm Exam Last: Charity First: Robert Directions: The exam is available beginning on 11:59 pm, February 13 th . Submit your exam to the assignments folder no later than 11:59 pm, February 20th. Be sure to submit it on time. Type your name above. Answer all questions and submit your completed exam as an "Assignment " in our classroom by the due date. Under no circumstances should you email the exam to me or anyone else for submission as an Exam for this class. You may use any of the course materials and books, library, and some Internet sources and other documents. I wrote “some” because your references are to be quality references such as academic journals, textbooks, and peer-reviewed (refereed) journals, which you can find via the UMUC Library. Some websites that are hosted by some businesses, individuals, and others are not always accurate and/or reliable. You should be sure to evaluate your references. You must do your own work, and there must not be any collaboration with any human using any method during, or even after the examination period (except the instructor). This is an absolute requirement and must not be violated un - der ANY circumstances. Please do not use color, or highlighting, to answer, and try to keep the format of the exam intact. Do not change the page layout of this file. It is to remain as a portrait page layout. Treat this exam as if it was on paper, and you can't change anything - just add enough space to provide your answers. Except for adding space to provide your answers , don't remove the questions or make any other changes. Do not renumber, change font, font color, reformat /rephrase the questions or anything like that in an attempt to make them look pretty. Please don't break up the exam or your answers into several files. ALL of your an- swers should be within ONE file, which is the copy that you are reading. 1. Please add your name to the file name of this exam file. Do not alter any portion of the file name. ITEC 630 Page 1 of 10

ITEC 630 Midterm Exam 2. Review the following: This response to the examination is my own work. If I used data, ideas, words, diagrams, pictures, or other information from any source, I have cited the sources fully and completely in in-text citations and reference entries. This includes sources that I have quoted or paraphrased. In adding my name following the word 'Signature', I intend that this certifi- cation will have the same authority and authenticity as a document exe- cuted with my hand-written signature. 3. Signature Robert Charity II The response to each of the following questions should include in-text citations where appropriate and complete references in APA format (for each and every ques- tion). Please take a graduate-level , well thought-out approach to your responses. Surface-level answers will NOT receive full credit. Do NOT respond to each question with one large paragraph . You should an- swer in complete and distinct paragraphs. You should type your response to each question immediately below the question being responded to. You should type your responses to each question immediately below the question or when there are letters, such as A, B, etc. then you should type your response immedi- ately below that part of the question using the regular black font and Times New Ro- man 12. Also, immediately below your answer to EACH numbered question you are to list all references you used to answer that question. Therefore, there should be four sets of references – one set for each question. You should not list all references used for this exam below the last question. All references are to be listed immediately below your answer to the question where they are used. Any deviation from the above instructions will result in an additional loss of points. Each of the four questions are valued at 25 points. ITEC 630 Page 2 of 10

ITEC 630 Midterm Exam 1A. List and define the six types of information systems. Transaction Processing Systems- Handles Day to day operations such as invoicing, product orders, and handling payroll. Management Information Systems- Elements of business that gathers relevant company data and en- riches communication between people, departments, and leaders in a company. Decision Support Systems- Computer based information system that supports business or organiza- tional based decision-making tasks or activities. Executive Support Systems- Facilitates and supports executive information to enhance decision making efforts. Office Automation Systems- Arranges, collects, stores and distributes data across various systems to process routine tasks. Expert System/Knowledge-based system- Utilizes gathered data to provide curated detailed knowl- edge. 1B. Discuss how the six information systems relate to one another . Do not respond with one big long paragraph (blob of writing). Respond with several mean- ingful paragraphs. Follow with references for your answers to number 1. The six information systems are systems that overlap one another in their business needs. Informa- tion systems can be broken down into two classifications, the Management Support System and the Operation Support System. In the management support system, the Management Information System or MIS, the Decision Support Systems or DSS, and the Executive Support Systems or ESS, work in tandem. In the Operation Support System, the Office Automation Systems, Expert System, and Transaction Processing Systems align to support business operations. Starting with the management support system, these systems primarily focus on assisting business and organizations with making decisions. The MIS supports the top level, middle level, and opera- tional levels. The DSS provides relevant information to management, while the ESS incorporates features and information from the MIS and DSS to produce critical information for decision mak- ing. Meanwhile operation support systems produce information that assists with the operations of the business. In a modern sense, businesses shift to automation systems in order to streamline their processes and reduce workload. Having expert systems to curate valuable data helps make the au- tomation systems more effective especially in areas where transaction processing systems are used. ITEC 630 Page 3 of 10

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ITEC 630 Midterm Exam Question 1 References C. P. Gupta, & K. K. Goyal. (2020). Computer Concepts and Management Information Systems . Mercury Learning & Information. Dziak, M. (2023). Management information system. Salem Press Encyclopedia . Quazi Khabeer. (2013). Business Process Management and Decision Support Systems . Alpha Science Internation Limited. ITEC 630 Page 4 of 10

ITEC 630 Midterm Exam 2A. List and define the three ways to acquire a system. 1. Custom Development- Developing software from scratch to obtain unique solutions tailored to business requirements. 2. Buying Package Software- Determining and fulfilling requirements with sourced software from third party companies. 3. Outsourcing- Onboarding third party resources to support business requirements and obtain solutions. 2B. Discuss when or under what circumstances we would choose to acquire a system using the method listed in option number 1 above. You should utilize Custom Development if it is determined that existing processes and tools does not exist for the selected requirements or system and a team can be supported to fulfill the require- ments. 2C. Discuss when or under what circumstances we would choose to acquire a system using the method listed in option number 2 above. If a system or business requirement, tool, or suite of software exist and a business determines that the software can be acquired within budget or justified business needs, package software is an ef- fective solution. 2D. Discuss when or under what circumstances we would choose to acquire a system using the method listed in option number 3 above. Outsourcing is an effective way to acquire a system when it is determined that either the system does not already exist or if packaged software does not fit the system or budget requirements. If a business does not have a team available or equipped to develop custom software there’s an oppor- tunity to onboard external teams to develop the system. ITEC 630 Page 5 of 10

ITEC 630 Midterm Exam Question 2 References Abrantes, R., & Figueiredo, J. (2021). Information systems and change in project based organizations. Procedia Computer Science, 181, 367–376. https://doi- org.ezproxy.umgc.edu/10.1016/j.procs.2021.01.184 English, M. (2021). Systems Analysis and Design: Creating the Systems that Support Strategic Plans. Salem Press Encyclopedia. UMGC Digital Library: https://eds-b-ebscohost- com.ezproxy.umgc.edu/eds/detail/detail?vid=2&sid=9fbbf098-35f6-42f3-b15b- b6327ac995e6%40pdc-v- sessmgr02&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpdmUmc2NvcGU9c2l0ZQ%3d %3d#AN=89163999&db=ers Gunasekaran, A. & Sandhu, M. (2010). Handbook On Business Information Systems. World Scientific. UMGC Digital Library: https://eds-a-ebscohost- com.ezproxy.umgc.edu/eds/ebookviewer/ebook/ZTAyNXhuYV9fMzQwNzk1X19BTg2? sid=3df7a746- 5537-4920-9d7e-70d932337a45@sessionmgr4007&vid=1&format=EB&rid=1 3. The development methodology is NOT to be considered and is not relevant in your responses to any part of question number 3 . Do not respond with one big long paragraph (blob of writing). Respond with one or more meaning- ful paragraphs for each part of question number 3. 3A. Write at least one paragraph defining Prototyping. A technique to design a preliminary model or use case that will benefit the creation of a product. It generally involves analyzing, modeling, testing in a continuous cycle until a product is perfected or acceptable. In many cases, a prototype provides business leaders with an overall goal or context to a bulk of ideas. 3B. In several paragraphs discuss the advantages of prototyping applicable to sys- tems development. ITEC 630 Page 6 of 10

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ITEC 630 Midterm Exam Prototyping allows for system requirements to be further fleshed out during iterative design methodologies. Upper level managers are able to get a first look at systems being developed in their teams. Managers are also able to see different aspects of their requirements in real time dur- ing demos which can help facilitate confirmation or updates to their business requirements. Prototyping can also prevent potential risks or misunderstandings during the development process. System developers are able to reevaluate their understanding of the requirements before releasing a full-product. Testing the prototypes will also help carry over good habits during testing of a final product reducing inefficient development cycles. 3C. In several paragraphs discuss the disadvantages of prototyping applicable to systems development. One major disadvantage associated with prototyping for systems development is the misunder- standing that can be attributed to accepting the prototype as a complete project. In certain client’s eyes they may see a finished product that checks the blocks of the requirements while failing to un- derstand that a final product would require further development. Quality can suffer as a result of rapid paced development. In some cases, developers may prioritize functional features as opposed to design requirements which may discourage business leaders dur- ing prototyping. Question 3 References Systems analysis and design (11th edition Cengage technology). (2017). . Cengage Learning Asia Pte. ITEC 630 Page 7 of 10

ITEC 630 Midterm Exam ITEC 630 Page 8 of 10

ITEC 630 Midterm Exam 4. Document Analysis is one of the methods systems analysts can use to gather requirements. Do not respond with one big long paragraph (blob of writing). Respond with one or more meaningful paragraphs for each part of question number 4. 4A. Discuss why document analysis is one of the better methods to gather require- ments. Document analysis can be of the better methods to gather requirements because it does not rely on locating and interviewing a human expert. Document analysis utilizes existing documents and sources that can be fact-checked and verified to provide valuable data. 4B. Discuss why document analysis is not a good method to gather requirements. Document analysis requires a patient analyst and someone willing to sift through all of the infor- mation in order to glean the needed information. The method can sometimes lead to a biased di- rective without analyzing multiple aspects or perspectives for detailed data. Lastly, analysts can be overloaded by the amount of existing documentation. Question 4 References Emoghene, O., & Nonyelum, O. F. (2017). Information Gathering Methods and Tools: A Compar- ative Study. IUP Journal of Information Technology, 13(4), 51–62. UMGC Digital Library: https://eds- b- ebscohost-com.ezproxy.umgc.edu/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=2&sid=58d01f43-063b-4126- bc8d- b0f3a9c6e0a6%40pdc-v-sessmgr01 Leventhal, N. S. (1995). Using groupware tools to automate joint application development. Jour- nal of ITEC 630 Page 9 of 10

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ITEC 630 Midterm Exam Systems Management, 46(5), 16. UMGC Digital Library: https://eds-b-ebscohost- com.ezproxy.umgc.edu/eds/detail/detail?vid=1&sid=0273aecd-a975-42b5-b08a- ebeda1f56613%40pdc- v-sessmgr02&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpdmUmc2NvcGU9c2l0ZQ%3d %3d#AN=9510115651&db=bth MindTools. (2021). Business Requirements Analysis. https://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newPPM_77.htm ITEC 630 Page 10 of 10

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