Program Evaluation Strategies

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University of Phoenix *

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CJA/446: C

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Business

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Feb 20, 2024

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Program Evaluation Strategies University of Phoenix CJA/446: Criminal Justice Policy Analysis and Program Evaluation The EMB-E model is a groundbreaking approach to the evaluation of programs that is based on three fundamental principles. First and foremost, it places a strong emphasis on Continuous Improvement. This means that the model is designed to constantly evolve and improve over time, with a focus on continuous learning and development as key components of

the process. Secondly, the EMB-E model is Theory-Based, which means that it is firmly grounded in a solid theoretical framework. This ensures that the program's objectives, strategies, and impact are all well-informed and carefully considered, with evaluation playing a critical role in shaping program design and operations. Finally, the EMB-E model is Utilization-Focused, with a strong emphasis on practical use and real-world impact. By embedding evaluation into the process, programs can continually enhance their effectiveness and improve outcomes for the individuals and communities they serve, with a foundation built on data and information that is both reliable and actionable. The SARA model is a widely used and highly effective problem-solving framework that can be implemented for any community issue. Its primary goal is to enable community leaders, law enforcement officials, and other stakeholders to work collaboratively toward resolving complex problems that have a lasting impact on the community. The SARA model comprises four distinct stages, each of which plays a critical role in the overall problem-solving process. The first stage is Scanning, which involves identifying persistent concerns shared by the public and law enforcement. This stage is essential for understanding the root cause of the problem and identifying the key players involved. The second stage of the SARA model is Analysis, which involves assessing the impact of the problem on the community and authorities. This stage involves collecting and analyzing data to gain a comprehensive understanding of the issue, including its scope and severity. Once the problem has been thoroughly analyzed, the next stage is Response, which involves developing and implementing a plan of action to address the issue. This stage is critical for

ensuring that the problem is addressed effectively and efficiently and that the community's needs and concerns are considered. Finally, the last stage of the SARA model is Assessment, which involves evaluating the effectiveness of the response and determining whether the objectives have been met. This stage is essential for identifying any gaps in the response and for making improvements to the process for future problem-solving efforts. Overall, the SARA model is a powerful tool for addressing complex community issues and promoting collaboration among stakeholders. By following the four stages of the model, communities can work together to identify, analyze, and address persistent problems in a structured and effective way. The strategy of embedded evaluation is a highly beneficial approach that evaluators can adopt while collaborating with criminal justice programs or policies. This approach involves seamlessly integrating evaluation efforts into the program's operations, allowing for constant collaboration and coordination between implementers and evaluators. This model is centered on continuous improvement, theory-based, and utilization-focused, making data and information the foundation of program operations. By utilizing evaluation findings to enhance program effectiveness, the embedded evaluation approach promotes constant growth. This is achieved by placing evaluators within the program's operations, which enables them to conduct real-time evaluations that provide timely insights into program effectiveness. As a result, program implementers can make informed decisions that improve program outcomes, while evaluators can continuously refine their evaluation strategies to meet program needs.

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For law enforcement administrators, embedded evaluation provides a user-friendly format throughout the evaluation management process, ensuring practicality and relevance from initial planning to implementation and the use of results to meet community needs. This ensures that law enforcement personnel are equipped with the necessary tools and resources to carry out their duties effectively. By utilizing the embedded evaluation approach, law enforcement administrators can ensure that their programs are continuously improving and meeting community needs. In the field of criminal justice, program evaluators may choose to implement the Scanning, Analysis, Response, and Assessment (SARA) model due to its unique focus on identifying and addressing the underlying causes of crime and disorder, instead of just treating their symptoms. This model enables agencies to thoroughly analyze a problem by collecting and analyzing data from various sources, and by considering the numerous factors that contribute to the crime triangle, such as the offender, the victim, and the location. By doing so, they can develop an effective response that addresses the root causes of the problem, rather than just its symptoms. The SARA model also emphasizes the importance of ongoing evaluation and assessment of the response, to ensure that it is effective in reducing crime and disorder in the community. By using the SARA model, agencies can take a more comprehensive and proactive approach to addressing crime and disorder in their communities. Evaluation questions are an essential component of the assessment process, serving as a key tool in comprehending the impact of programs. These questions enable us to determine the effectiveness of programs, identify the target audience, and assess their overall impact. They also help us understand the factors that contribute to their success, allowing us to refine and enhance these programs based on the feedback received.

Through a continuous feedback loop, evaluation questions enable us to establish a process of ongoing improvement, helping us to adapt and refine programs over time. This iterative process is critical to ensuring that programs remain relevant and effective in the face of evolving circumstances, as emphasized by Charles Darwin. By asking pertinent evaluation questions, we can keep our programs responsive to change and continually improve them to better serve the needs of our target audience. Evaluation questions are an integral part of any evaluation process. They serve as a critical tool in defining the purpose, scale, scope, and focus of an evaluation. By asking the right questions, we can gain a deeper understanding of the priorities and needs of stakeholders, which, in turn, guides the selection of appropriate resources, timescales, and methodologies. The process of developing evaluation questions is essential to ensure that the evaluation results are meaningful and impactful. Whether in the context of the SARA evaluation model or other evaluation processes, thoughtful consideration of evaluation questions is essential for achieving the desired outcomes. The formulation of evaluation questions allows evaluators to clarify the objectives and goals of the evaluation, identify the specific areas of focus, and determine the target audience for the results. As such, the questions should be designed to address the critical issues that the evaluation seeks to address, and they should be aligned with the stakeholders' priorities and needs. By using well-crafted evaluation questions, evaluators can ensure that the results of the evaluation are relevant, useful, and actionable. As a program evaluator, it is vital to adhere to specific guidelines when crafting evaluation questions. One critical aspect is ensuring the questions are pertinent and directly tied to the program's content. Your questions must align with the information needs of those using the evaluation and be relevant to the program's objectives, activities, outcomes, and design. Keeping

these factors in mind while developing questions will ensure that the evaluation process is effective and provides valuable insights. Additionally, it is important to make your questions reasonable and understand that comparison groups are necessary. References

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Barry, D., Kimble, L. E., Nambiar, B., Parry, G., Jha, A., Chattu, V. K., Massoud, M. R., & Goldmann, D. (2018, April 20). A framework for learning about improvement: Embedded implementation and evaluation design to optimize learning . OUP Academic. https://academic.oup.com/intqhc/article/30/suppl_1/10/4980403 Embedded evaluation: (n.d.). https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED501715.pdf Evaluation questions checklist for program evaluation - resource . Better Evaluation. (n.d.). https://www.betterevaluation.org/tools-resources/evaluation-questions-checklist-for- program-evaluation

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