Tabers_BUS271_Concept Questions_Module 2_Measures of Central Tendency

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Coastal Alabama Community College - Bay Minette *

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271

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Business

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Feb 20, 2024

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docx

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Aden Tabers February 6, 2024 BUS 271, Business Statistics Concept Questions: Module 2 (Measures of Central Tendency) 1. Explain how histograms are used to examine data. Describe the various shapes of a histogram and their meaning. A histogram is a graph that is used to show frequency within a numerical dataset and is represented by rectangles. The vertical axis of the rectangle represents the distribution frequency of a variable, and the horizontal axis represents the value of the variable. A bell-shaped histogram means that there is one single peak in the middle of the distribution. A uniform histogram means that every value in a dataset occurs roughly the same number of times, and often looks like a rectangle with no clear peak. A bimodal histogram means that the graph has two distinct peaks. A histogram described as “multimodal” means that the graph has more than two distinct peaks. A skewed histogram means that there are either very small or very large observations on only one side of the distribution, and far from the center. Lastly, a random histogram means that there is no clear pattern in the data. 2. When would it be appropriate to use a histogram as opposed to a scattergram? It would be appropriate to use a histogram over a scattergram when you want to understand the frequency and distribution of a single variable. 3. What is the purpose of a Data Dashboard? If you were the manager of a restaurant, for example, what 5 key metrics would you want to display on a Data Dashboard? A data dashboard is most commonly used to visually track and present key performance indicators and metrics to provide an overview of a business’s performance in different areas. If I were the manager of a restaurant the five metrics I would want to display would be revenue and sales, food and beverage costs, customer reviews, labor cost, and table turnover rate. 4. Describe "Simpson's Paradox". Search the Internet and provide an example of this statistical phenomenon. The “Simpson’s Paradox” is a statistical phenomenon in which a relationship or trend that appears in different data subgroups reverses or disappears when the data is combined. This can lead to misleading conclusions about the data. An example of this phenomenon would be in this one study of morality rate in unvaccinated vs. vaccinated people from age 10-59. Within each group, the death rate for unvaccinated people was twice as high compared to vaccinated people but, within the combined group that conclusion was reversed, and the vaccinated group showed higher death rates on

average. This was because, within the 10-59 age range, the average unvaccinated person is much younger than the average vaccinated person. Therefore, they have a lower death rate.

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