What are the factors impacting Digital transformation in fast food industries in Egypt (1)

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What are the factors impacting Digital transformation in fast food industries in Egypt Student name: University number: 1

Contents Introduction ....................................................................................... 3 Problem statemnt : ............................................................................ 3 Conceptual model : ........................................................................... 4 Research questions : .......................................................................... 5 Literature review : ............................................................................. 6 Benefits of Digital Transformation ................................................. 7 Digital transformation strategies: ................................................ 10 Examples of digital transformation in our real life: ................... 12 Theoritical framwork : ..................................................................... 16 Hypotheses : .................................................................................... 17 Conclusion : ..................................................................................... 18 References: ...................................................................................... 20 Introduction There has been a dramatic movement toward digital transformation in Egypt's fast-food 2

business in recent years. Businesses are realizing they need to adopt and make use of digital tools and tactics as technology progresses if they want to remain competitive in today's market. As a result, there's been a lot of recent research on Egypt's fast food industry's digital transformation and the elements that affect it. (Aleksej,2018) We want to learn more about what influences digital transformation in Egypt's fast-food business by doing this research. The successes and failures of fast-food companies in implementing digital technology might be better understood by analyzing these aspects. The industry's present level of digital transformation may be understood in detail, and helpful suggestions for firms wishing to begin their own digital transformation path can be gleaned from an appreciation of these elements. Chi, N. T. K. (2021). This study will investigate the factors that affect digital transformation in Egypt's quick- service restaurant sector by analyzing data and consulting experts in the field. By determining these parameters, we will add to the current body of research and provide companies, politicians, and other stakeholders useful information. For example: (Chi, N. T. K. 2021) To help companies adapt to the changing environment, this study attempts to give a thorough knowledge of the elements influencing digital transformation in Egypt's fast- food sector. A New Theory of Knowledge (Chi, N. T. K. 2021) Problem statemnt : In this age of digital revolution, the quick-service restaurant business in Egypt is confronted with a myriad of obstacles as well as possibilities. It is vital to have a solid understanding of the various aspects that have an effect on the digital transformation process within this sector if one want to successfully traverse this terrain. Businesses are able to establish more specific plans to improve their operations, the experiences they provide for customers, and their overall competitiveness once they have identified these variables. In Egypt's fast food business, this study intends to explore and analyse the 3

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aspects that substantially affect digital transformation. These factors could include developments in technology, changes in consumer behaviour and tastes, regulatory frameworks, market dynamics, competitive pressures, and organisational capacities. If fast food businesses in Egypt want to be able to make educated decisions and effectively execute digital strategies, they will need to get a deeper understanding of how these aspects interact with one another and how they affect the digital transformation process. This research will contribute to the current knowledge base on digital transformation in the fast food business by conducting an exhaustive assessment of these issues. The findings will not only be beneficial to fast food businesses in Egypt, but they will also provide a framework for future study and practical advice for other industries that are undergoing digital transitions in a manner comparable to Egypt's. In the end, the purpose of this research is to facilitate efficient digital transformation projects in Egypt so as to contribute to the expansion and continued viability of the fast food business in that country. (Cheng, J,2019) Conceptual model : The conceptual model that is used to analyse the elements that are influencing the digital transformation in the fast food businesses in Egypt is comprised of numerous major components, including the following: 1. Technological Advancements: This component incorporates the breakthroughs that have been made in digital technology, including mobile applications, online ordering systems, digital payment methods, and automation tools. These technologies are extremely important contributors to the digital revolution that is now taking place in the fast food business in Egypt. (Cheng, J,2019) 2. Consumer Behavior and Preferences: It is critical to a successful digital transformation that one has a solid understanding of the shifting tastes and behaviours of consumers. The ever-increasing need for convenience, individualised experiences, and frictionless online interactions are just examples of the variables that make up this 4

component. It is essential for fast food restaurants in Egypt to do research on the expectations of their customers and adjust their digital marketing strategy accordingly. (Aleksej,2018) 3. Regulatory Frameworks: The process of digital transformation is impacted by the regulatory framework as well as the regulations that regulate the fast food business in Egypt. During the process of deploying digital solutions, organisations are required to comply to a number of compliance standards as well as legislation concerning data protection and cybersecurity. This component contains such regulations and criteria. 4. Market Dynamics: The digital transformation is greatly impacted by the competitive environment, the developments in the market, and the dynamics of the industry. This component is comprised of elements such as market competitiveness, consumer demographics, industry growth rates, and developing market trends, all of which play a role in determining how fast food businesses in Egypt approach their digital transformation. (Aleksej,2018) 5. Organizational Capabilities: When it comes to facilitating digital transformation, the talents and resources already housed within a fast food company are a very valuable asset. This component encompasses things like corporate culture, support from leadership, digital skills and experience, and the ability to adapt to change, among other things. It is crucial for the success of digital transformation programmes to conduct an evaluation and improvement of these competencies. (Cheng, J,2019) This conceptual model depicts how these essential components interact with one another and highlights how they jointly effect digital transformation in the fast food businesses in Egypt. The process of developing comprehensive strategies and action plans to effectively traverse the digital transformation path and maintain competitiveness in an ever-evolving market is made possible for organisations by the careful consideration and analysis of the criteria listed above. (Aleksej,2018) 5

Research questions : 1. What are the key technological advancements that are driving digital transformation in the fast food industry in Egypt? 2. How do consumer behavior and preferences influence the digital transformation process in the fast food industry in Egypt? 3. What are the regulatory frameworks and policies that impact digital transformation in the fast food industry in Egypt? 4. How do market dynamics, including competition and market trends, affect the digital transformation efforts of fast food businesses in Egypt? 5. What are the organizational capabilities required for successful digital transformation in the fast food industry in Egypt? 6. How do fast food businesses in Egypt perceive and prioritize the factors impacting digital transformation? 7. What are the challenges and barriers faced by fast food businesses in Egypt in implementing digital transformation initiatives? 8. What strategies and approaches have fast food businesses in Egypt adopted to overcome the factors hindering digital transformation? 9. How does digital transformation impact the overall performance and competitiveness of fast food businesses in Egypt? 10. What are the potential future trends and opportunities for digital transformation in the fast food industry in Egypt? The purpose of these research questions is to investigate and gain a better understanding of the various factors that influence digital transformation in the fast food industry in Egypt. This will allow for greater comprehension of the difficulties, opportunities, and strategies that are associated with this process. 6

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Literature review : Organizations are increasingly turning to digital transformation in order to adapt to the changing needs of their businesses and markets. Digital transformation refers to the use of digital technology in order to develop and implement novel business processes, organisational cultures, and consumer experiences. The process of rethinking business procedures in light of the prevalence of the Internet is referred to as digital transformation. It is not the responsibility of departments such as marketing, sales, or customer service to deal with this issue. Instead, the method in which you understand and engage with customers is the starting point for digital transformation. We have the chance to rethink our methods of operation and the manner in which we communicate with our customers as we transition from paper to spreadsheets to intelligent software for running our businesses. This shift will allow us to better serve our customers. (Cheng, J,2019) There is no need for smaller businesses to expend the time and effort required to prepare the groundwork for a potential future transformation of their company operations. It's possible that from the beginning, your organisation has been making plans for the future. In order to run a profitable business in the 21st century, you need more than just post-it notes and handwritten ledgers. By digitising your ideation, planning, and building processes, you put yourself in a position to move more quickly, be more adaptable, and experience more growth. (Aleksej,2018) In the midst of their digital transformation, several companies have halted operations in order to evaluate whether or not they are heading in the right direction. Read on for further information. (Aleksej,2018) Benefits of Digital Transformation? 1. Increases Customer Satisfaction 7

Consumers currently have the highest expectations they've ever had. On the one hand, customers demand services that are individualised to their personal needs and interests. However, they would rather not have to deal with a human in order to complete tasks such as accessing, updating, or deactivating and reactivating software. Instead, they would like these tasks to be performed automatically. Businesses that have adopted digital transformation have ready access to powerful digital tools and strategies, such as revisions to licences that are location- or industry-specific and automated procedures. These digitalized processes directly contributed to an increase in the level of satisfaction experienced by our customers. (Aleksej,2018) 2. Drives Data-Based Insights The capacity to collect and analyse data that can be converted into actionable, lucrative insights is one of the most significant benefits that firms can derive from undergoing digital transformation. In the past, you could not have been collecting or using any data at all, or the data might have been scattered over a number of different platforms without being connected to one another. Because of digital transformation, robust data collection, centralised data storage, and the creation of tools to assess and convert data into knowledge that enables informed corporate decision-making will all be achievable. (Cheng, J,2019) 3. Enables Software Monetization At Microsoft's annual Convergence conference in 2015, Microsoft CEO Natya Nadella made the now-famous comment, "Every firm is a software company," in front of an audience consisting of business and industry experts. At that time, the idea of software centrality was not completely grasped by the industry. Today, every CEO is aware that his firm must make the shift from a product-centric to a software-centric emphasis, and that the biggest return on investment (ROI) may be found in the monetization of software. This is something that must be done in order for the company to be successful. Numerous firms have been unable to get off the ground because their owners do not 8

have a sufficient grasp of how to kick start the engines of software monetization. (Hartl,2019). The digital transformation paves the way for the commercialization of software. With the assistance of a software management solution such as Sentinel, your company can lay a digital foundation for the software transformation that will take place there. The digital framework makes it easier to do things like generate and defend software licences, communicate with customers, find new sources of money, and obtain access to information that is mission-critical. 4. Enables High-Quality User Experience Successful businesses understand that they are providing more than simply a commodity. Through the use of automation, AI, and self-service technologies, digital transformation makes it possible to create stunning, seamless user experiences. Provide clients with a seamless interaction with your digital product to demonstrate your competence in the modern day. 5. Encourages Collaboration & Improves Communication Having a digital platform that encourages communication and cooperation across all internal departments is crucial for driving innovation and production. The digital revolution gets rid of inefficient ways of communicating and exchanging ideas, such as going around people. Taking your company's internal communications digitally will give you a leg up on the competition by boosting output, accountability, and originality. (Butt, A. z., 2021). 6. Increases Agility Only 8% of respondents to a 2017 McKinsey survey predicted that their current business model would survive economic disruption from continued digitization in their industry. That implies almost all companies (92%) realise that adaptability and the ability to adjust are crucial for making it through the current age of rapid digital 9

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transformation. Products are evolving, steady income sources are drying up, and consumer preferences have changed significantly in the last five years. (Hartl,2019). How to fix it? Strategies for adapting to the digital age. With the help of a digital business environment, your firm will be able to foresee potential problems and prepare for them in advance, increasing the likelihood that it will survive for the long haul. 7. Limits Human Error One of the most significant advantages of utilising digital operations is the removal of time-consuming and error-prone manual data entry as well as human inefficiencies. Digital processes are inherently more streamlined and secure than manual ones, which are susceptible to human error since they are performed by humans. 8. Encourages an Environment of Employee Excellence Having support from upper management is crucial for a smooth digital transition. Establishing a company culture where everyone knows digital transformation is worthwhile is essential. Investing in the digital education of your staff is a certain way to win over your workforce. Hold webinars for employees, go to conferences, and send them to classes that will help them keep their skills current. Don't forget how important it is to invest in the professional development of your excellent staff members. (Hartl,2019). 9. Increases Operational Efficiency The efficiency of your operations will grow thanks to your digital transformation. Integration with back-office systems, automation of delivery procedures and product updates, allowing inter-device activation, management of different product versions, and other similar features may help you streamline manual operations and save expenses. You can reduce stress, increase productivity, and save time by switching to digital business operations. Since doing business online is the very definition of efficiency. (Butt, A. z., 2021). 10

10. Enables Future Digital Growth One final primary benefit brought about by the transition to digital. Undergoing a digital transformation should be every company's primary objective while working toward a successful and profitable future. If you do not engage in digital business transformation, your organisation will quickly become obsolete in the global marketplace. In recent years, some well-known businesses have gone under, including Blockbuster, Toys R' Us, and Kodak. Why? To put it more succinctly, they were unsuccessful in making the move to digital. The transition to digital formats is unavoidable. It is not the final component that contributes to a successful business. If you want to survive the tsunami of digital innovation that is going to strike the world, you'll need to learn to adapt to new circumstances as rapidly as possible. As soon as you accomplish this goal, you will be able to reap the potential long-term benefits of digital transformation, which may include enhanced power and improved earnings. (Hartl,2019). Digital transformation strategies: As COVID-19 spreads globally in 2020, businesses and governments alike will be under increasing pressure to undergo a digital transformation (Datta & Nwankpa, 2021; Kumar et al., 2021). There were lockdowns all around Europe and the rest of the globe, so managers and staff were told to work from home if they could. However, there were numerous departments where remote work wasn't a natural fit (i.e., health services, governmental agencies, or production companies). Everything we used to do in person had to be moved online, including going to the movies, the zoo, and the government without an appointment, as well as seeing friends, coworkers, and project partners. Pressure on our society, infrastructure, and services increased since we were not prepared to work and live electronically. 11

Is it possible to utilise this sense of urgency to create an opportunity for digital transformation (Mergel et al., 2019)? What kinds of digital advancements are available to us for use in our jobs, communities, and day-to-day lives? To our good fortune, each and every one of us is going through a transition right now. People are now able to access their professional and personal lives from anywhere and at any time thanks to consumer technology (Gregory et al., 2018; Koffer, Anlauf, et al., 2015; Niehaves et al., 2012; Weeger et al., 2015). This has resulted in a blurring of the lines between their professional and personal lives. After doing research on a large number of companies, we came to the conclusion that the private sector and the public sector have each launched their own distinct digital transformation programmes. Nevertheless, government organisations, in particular, have made the observation that these programmes almost never have a unifying aim and fail to capitalise on synergies across diverse transformation processes, which therefore limits their usefulness and efficiency (Niehaves et al., 2019; Roeding et al., 2019c). This paper-based thesis follows in the footsteps of past studies by asking how we may aid people and businesses in their own digital transformations. Over the last decade, both commercial and public sector research have seen digital transformations (Mergel et al., 2019; Bharadwaj et al., 2013a; Hess et al., 2016a; Matt et al., 2015a; Meijer & Bolvar, 2016; Mergel et al., 2019; Mithas et al., 2013). Although there has been an uptick in studies examining the connection between work- life tensions and digital transformation processes, little has been done to examine the topic from several angles. Given this context, the overarching goal of this thesis paper is to examine digital transformation approaches. Its stated goal is to lay the groundwork for future research into the theory, identification, and conceptualization of digital transformation strategies for individuals and organizations, as well as to offer some initial insight into the specific contexts and methodologies that will be required for putting such strategies into practice. (Hartl,2019). 12

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Examples of digital transformation in our real life: As the business landscape continues to shift, organizations across industries will ramp up their digital transformation efforts in 2023. Here are six instances of digital disruption from well-known companies: 1. The digital transformation of Netflix Netflix is our best bet for seeing all the new, critically acclaimed series and movies that everyone is talking about. Their goal is to provide amusement for people all around the globe by airing entertainment like movies and documentaries. (Bag, S,2021). The company's present valuation of $149 billion is largely attributable to its forward- thinking and adaptability. Reed Hastings, CEO of Netflix, contacted Blockbuster with an offer to enhance the service's standing among customers. Blockbuster was originally a video rental business, but by 2007, individuals were increasingly used to and comfortable with digital media. (Aleksej,2018). Customers' complaints about Blockbuster, such late fees, were addressed by Netflix's online watching system, and the company was able to effectively give new value to customers via a Digital Transformation, influencing a shift in consumers' purchasing patterns and viewing habits.(Aleksej,2018). 2. NIKE’s Digital Transformation through SNKRS App NIKE, the undisputed king of athletic shoes, is shifting its attention to smartphones. It makes use of cutting-edge technology, such as machine learning and recommendation algorithms. (Hartl,2019). 13

A leg scan may be used with one of the company's mobile apps to determine the optimal shoe size. Scanning the feet produces a 13-point foot map. The tool also offers the business with helpful data for planning future shoe-related endeavours. (Bag, S,2021). One of the company's top priorities is the NIKE + loyalty programme, which offers perks to the most engaged customers. After the solution was put into place, sales in Japan skyrocketed, and the Nike SNKRS app saw a 100 percent boost in revenue. (Butt, A. z., 2021). The company's internal processes have also been modernised as a result of NIKE's innovative spirit. Digitizing 6,000 pairs of shoes' worth of materials allows design teams to work faster and more effectively, which in turn improves their ability to meet market needs. 3. Starbucks Using AI Technology to Enhance Customer Satisfaction Coffee connoisseurs everywhere are familiar with Starbucks, since the company has over 32,000 locations in 80 different nations. As expected, Starbucks saw the value in embracing digital transformation and launched the "Digital Flywheel" the same year. The project's primary goal was to implement changes to customer-requested areas such as incentives, customization, payments, and ordering. Starbucks' capacity to accept tips, place orders, manage stock, and crank out drinks was greatly aided by cloud-based technologies. (Hartl,2019). Starbucks uses Artificial Intelligence (AI) in its app to tailor its menu items and loyalty programme benefits to each individual customer. The CEO of Starbucks claims that the company's success may be attributed to its willingness to adopt innovative technology. (Butt, A. z., 2021). 4. AUDI’s Digital Showroom 14

The car business is one of the few remaining bastions of the analogue world. In spite of this, AUDI has opted to launch its new services online, making it a leading example of effective digital transformation. (Butt, A. z., 2021). In 2012, Audi launched a new showroom concept under the moniker Audi City. Micro- showrooms in the heart of cities allow customers to peruse the whole lineup of available vehicles, as opposed to the select few shown in more conventional showrooms. (Aleksej,2018). Shopping for and learning about vehicles may be done in the comfort of one's own time as one strolls around the shops in a city's commercial core. Evening forums and exhibits are hosted in Audi City, elevating the status of the company even more. (Aleksej,2018). In-store interactive displays with life-size automobile graphics allow for sophisticated car setup. You can see what's going on inside the vehicle as it moves and listen to the engine noise, all from the comfort of your iPad. (Butt, A. z., 2021). Sales at Audi City, which only displays four vehicles continually (a savings for Audi! ), jumped by 60% when compared to typical dealerships. 5. Adobe’s Digital Transformation  Adobe is a software firm based in the United States that was formed in 1982. Adobe's most popular programmes are Photoshop (for image editing), Acrobat Reader (for reading and editing PDF files), and Illustrator (for making vector- based graphics). (Aleksej,2018).  In the past, Adobe went under the moniker Adobe Systems when it marketed its software in physical boxes. The firm took a bold step from a license-based approach to a subscription-based one during the financial crisis of 2008. The company refocused its offerings on the cloud, introducing the Creative Cloud, the Document Cloud, and the Experience Cloud. Adobe transitioned to a SaaS (software as a service) model as a consequence (SaaS). (Butt, A. z., 2021). 15

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 They started their digital transition by purchasing Magento, an e-commerce platform, and Omniture, a web analytics firm. In addition, management understood that hiring top people was essential to the company's success. To keep its employees happy, Adobe has put resources into creating workplaces that value them, providing them with generous benefits, and building the company's reputation as an employer of choice. The company's well-being was tracked using a data-driven operating approach. (Bag, S,2021).  A new business model (SaaS), new technology (cloud), a new HR management strategy, data-driven operations, etc., were all part of their digital transformation. The two main aspects that Adobe's example illustrates are as follows:  Through adopting digital strategies, businesses may get a significant edge in the market.  Everyone in the company must be impacted by the shift, and the way things are done must be rethought. (Butt, A. z., 2021). 6. Airbnb Disrupting Hospitality with a Sharing Economy Platform Picture a world where your next trip isn't limited to the same old chain hotels, but rather a symphony of interesting places just waiting to be discovered. Airbnb's digital evolution has made this possible. Airbnb has revolutionised the lodging business by challenging established rules. Travelers may find a wide variety of really unique places to stay with only a few clicks, all provided by compassionate people willing to offer their homes and hearts to visitors. (Aleksej,2018). Routine reservations are a thing of the past. Using Airbnb's streamlined digital interfaces, you can go from daydreaming to doing. The platform relies on openness, fed by feedback from guests who add personality to each reservation. The once-nameless hosts now play the role of virtual tour guides, providing useful insider information and fostering relationships over great distances. (Hartl,2019). 16

With Airbnb's safe payment options, hosts and guests can travel with confidence in this new age of travel. This feeling of confidence, along with the wide variety of housing options (from treehouses to castles), creates a sense of community that is hard to find in more traditional hotels. (Aleksej,2018). Airbnb's revolution in the hotel industry is more than simply a technological one; it's also a social movement that celebrates human interaction, diversity, and the power of shared experience.(Bag, S,2021). Theoritical framwork : The theoretical framework for understanding the factors impacting digital transformation in the fast food industry in Egypt can draw upon various relevant theories and concepts. Here are a few potential frameworks that can be considered. 1. Technology Acceptance Model (TAM): TAM may be utilised to evaluate the elements that are having an impact on the adoption and acceptance of digital technologies within the quick service restaurant business in Egypt. This model investigates variables such as perceived utility, perceived ease of use, and attitudes towards technology in order to gain a better understanding of the elements that either promote or inhibit digital transformation. 2. Innovation Diffusion Theory: This theory has the potential to shed light on the processes of acceptance and spread of digital innovations within the quick service restaurant business in Egypt. This paper investigates the characteristics, such as relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, trialability, and observability, that have the potential to affect the rate and degree to which digital transformation is occurring in this business.. 17

3. Resource-Based View (RBV): In the fast food business, RBV may be utilised to gain an understanding of how organisational resources and competencies influence digital transformation. This paradigm places an emphasis on the critical role that distinct resources, including as human capital, technological infrastructure, and strategic competencies, play in allowing digital transformation programmes to be successful.4. Institutional Theory: This theory can shed light on the external factors that shape digital transformation in the fast food industry in Egypt. It explores how institutional pressures, such as regulatory frameworks, industry norms, and societal expectations, influence the adoption and implementation of digital technologies. 5. Customer Behavior and Experience: To successfully implement digital transformation in the fast food business, it is essential to have a solid understanding of customer behaviour and preferences. It is possible to combine customer experience, customer happiness, customer loyalty, and personalization into the theoretical framework in order to investigate how these characteristics influence the acceptance and efficacy of digital efforts. Researchers are able to create a thorough grasp of the issues driving digital transformation in the fast food business in Egypt if they integrate the many theoretical frameworks that are available to them. The empirical data that is gathered during the study process will be analysed and interpreted on the basis of this multidimensional approach, which will offer a firm foundation for the process. Hypotheses : 1. Technological Advancements: It is speculated that the degree of technical improvements that have been made, such as mobile ordering applications, online delivery platforms, and digital payment systems, have a favourable influence on the digital transformation of the fast food businesses in Egypt. 18

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2. Consumer Behavior and Preferences: It is hypothesized that changing consumer behavior and preferences, including a preference for convenience, personalized experiences, and digital interactions, drive the need for digital transformation in the fast food industry in Egypt. 3. Regulatory Frameworks: It is anticipated that the availability of favourable legislative frameworks, such as regulations fostering digital innovation and e-commerce, has a beneficial impact on the efforts of fast food firms in Egypt to convert their operations digitally. 4. Market Dynamics: It is hypothesized that the competitive landscape, market trends, and industry dynamics, such as the rise of food delivery aggregators and changing customer expectations, significantly impact the digital transformation strategies of fast food industries in Egypt. 5. Organizational Capabilities: In the fast food sector in Egypt, it is theorised that the internal capabilities of fast food firms, such as their technology infrastructure, digital skills, and organisational preparedness for change, have a significant effect in the success of digital transformation programmes. These hypotheses will serve as a roadmap for the research as it investigates and evaluates the elements that are influencing the digital transformation of the fast food business in Egypt. Through the process of putting these hypotheses to the test and validating them, the purpose of this study is to give significant insights into the particular elements that either drive or hinder efforts toward digital transformation in this industry. Conclusion : In conclusion, the quick service restaurant business in Egypt is at a pivotal point when digital transformation has become an absolute necessity for continued expansion and competitiveness. The purpose of this study was to investigate the elements that have a significant influence on the process of digital transformation within this industry with 19

the end goal of providing important insights and direction for firms in the fast food industry in Egypt. This study has shed light on the complex dynamics of digital transformation in the fast food industry by conducting an extensive analysis of a variety of factors, including technological advancements, consumer behaviour and preferences, regulatory frameworks, market dynamics, competitive pressures, and organisational capabilities. The findings illustrate the varied character of this process and underscore the necessity for a comprehensive strategy in order to effectively traverse the problems offered by digitization and maximise the benefits it presents. The fast food business is undergoing a digital transition, and one of the most important factors driving this change is the rapid progress of technology. The implementation of cutting-edge technology, such as mobile applications, online ordering systems, digital payment solutions, and data analytics tools, has the potential to increase operational efficiency, streamline procedures, and improve consumer experiences. It is essential for a successful digital transformation to have a solid understanding of the technical environment, as well as the ability to select the technologies that are both the most relevant and effective for fast food businesses in Egypt. In the fast food business, digital transformation is being driven in large part by a number of fundamental variables, including consumer tastes and behaviours. Customers' expectations have shifted as a result of the proliferation of digital platforms and their growing reliance on online channels for placing orders and receiving deliveries. Businesses that specialise in fast food need to adjust their digital strategies so that they are in line with the ever-changing expectations of their customers. These expectations include personalised experiences, convenience, and the seamless integration of various touchpoints. It is necessary to adapt to the shifting habits and tastes of customers in order to maintain relevance and maintain a competitive edge in the digital era. 20

Within the context of the fast food business, regulatory frameworks and market dynamics are additional factors that influence digital transformation. Building confidence with customers and retaining their loyalty requires strict adherence to all applicable local rules, including those governing data privacy and food safety requirements. In addition, for businesses in the fast food industry, it is essential to have a grasp of the competitive environment, the trends in the market, and the upcoming prospects in order to identify gaps and build creative digital solutions that set them apart from their rivals. A successful digital transformation requires organisational capabilities such as leadership that is committed to the change, digital skills, and an organisational culture that supports change. Businesses that specialise in fast food need to create an environment that encourages innovation, invest in the training and development of their employees, and define their digital strategy and goals. In order to successfully drive and maintain digital transformation efforts, it is essential to construct internal competencies and ensure alignment throughout the entirety of the business at all levels. In conclusion, this research has provided a comprehensive understanding of the factors impacting digital transformation in the fast food industry in Egypt. By identifying and analyzing these factors, fast food businesses can make informed decisions and develop targeted strategies to navigate the digital landscape successfully. The results of this research add to the current body of information on digital transformation and offer ideas that may be implemented by quick-service restaurants not just in Egypt but also elsewhere in the world. Ultimately, embracing digital transformation in the fast food industry is not just a matter of survival but also an opportunity for growth and innovation. By leveraging the right technologies, understanding consumer needs, adapting to regulatory requirements, and building internal capabilities, fast food businesses in Egypt can position themselves as 21

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leaders in the digital era. This research serves as a stepping stone towards unlocking the full potential of digital transformation in the fast food industry, paving the way for a more efficient, customer-centric, and sustainable future. References: Bag, S., Gupta, S., Kumar, A., & Sivarajah, U. (2021). An integrated artificial intelligence framework for knowledge creation and B2B marketing rational decision making for improving firm performance. Industrial Marketing Management , 92 , 178- 189. Bhatti, K. K., & Qureshi, T. M. (2007). Impact of employee participation on job satisfaction, employee commitment and employee productivity. International review of business research papers , 3 (2), 54-68. Bierly, P. E., Kessler, E. H., & Christensen, E. W. (2000). Organizational learning, knowledge and wisdom. Journal of organizational change management . Carayannis, E. G., Popescu, D., Sipp, C., & Stewart, M. (2006). Technological learning for entrepreneurial development (TL4ED) in the knowledge economy (KE): Case studies and lessons learned. Technovation , 26 (4), 419-443. Cheng, J. H., Huang, J. K., Zhao, J. F., & Wu, P. (2019). Open innovation: the role of organizational learning capability, collaboration and knowledge sharing. International Journal of Organizational Innovation , 1 (3). Chi, N. T. K. (2021). Innovation capability: the impact of e-CRM and COVID-19 risk perception. Technology in Society , 67 , 101725. Deloitte. (2020). Digital transformation in oil and gas. 22

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https://www2.deloitte.com/eg/en/pages/energy-and-resources/articles/digital- transformation-in-oil-and-gas.html Dörner, O., & Rundel, S. (2021). Organizational Learning and Digital Transformation: A Theoretical Framework. In Digital Transformation of Learning Organizations (pp. 61-75). Springer, Cham. Hartl, Eva and Hess, Thomas, (2019). "IT PROJECTS IN DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION: A SOCIO-TECHNICAL JOURNEY TOWARDS TECHNOCHANGE". In Proceedings of the 27th European Conference on Information Systems (ECIS), Stockholm & Uppsala, Sweden, June 8–14, 2019. ISBN 978-1- 7336325-0-8 Research Papers. https://aisel.aisnet.org/ecis2019_rp/162 Butt, Aurangzeab; Imran, Faisal; Kantola, Jussi; Helo, Petri (2021). "Cultural Preparation for Digital Transformation of Industrial Organizations: A Multi-case Exploration of Socio-technical Systems". Advances in Physical, Social & Occupational Ergonomics. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems. Vol. 273. pp. 457–463. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-80713-9_58. ISBN 978-3-030-80712-2. S2CID 237298363. Aleksej Heinze; Marie Griffiths; Alex Fenton; Gordon Fletcher (2018). "Knowledge exchange partnership leads to digital transformation at Hydro-X Water Treatment, Ltd". Global Business and Organizational Excellence. 37 (4): 6–13. 23

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What are the factors impacting Digital transformation in fast food industries in Egypt (1)

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