BIO201 Lab 2

Lab 2 Cell Structure and Function BIO201L Student Name: Ani Harutyunyan Access Code (located on the lid of your lab kit): AC-BX89CU Lab Report Format Expecta0ons U"lize college level grammar and professional forma4ng when comple"ng this worksheet. Submissions without proper forma4ng, all required photos or sufficient responses will be rejected. Pre- lab Ques>ons 1. Iden7fy the major similari7es and differences between prokaryo7c and eukaryo7c cells. Similari7es: - ribosome - cytoplasm - gene7c material (DNA) - cell membrane Differences: - prokaryo7c cells have no nucleus / eukaryo7c cells have double nucleus membranes - prokaryo7c cells have no bounded organelle membrane // eukaryo7c cella are organelle membranes bonded together 2. Where is the DNA housed in a prokaryo7c cell? Where is it housed in a eukaryo7c cell? In a prokaryo7c cell, the DNA is housed in the nucleoid region, which isn't surrounded by a membrane.In a eukaryo7c cell, the DNA is primarily housed within the nucleus, which is a membrane-bound organelle. 3. Name three structures which provide support and protec7on in a eukaryo7c cell. - cell walls - cell membrane - cytoskeleton

Lab 2 Cell Structure and Function BIO201L EXPERIMENT 1: CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION Introduc>on Ques>ons 1. What is the difference between the rough and smooth endoplasmic re7culum? Rough and smooth endoplasmic re7culum differ primarily in that the rough variant has ribosomes aUached to it, which are par7cles that synthesize proteins. Smooth Endoplas7c re7culuum does not have ribosomes on the surface and is smooth in texture. 2. Would an animal cell be able to survive without a mitochondria? Why or why not? Typically, an animal cell cannot survive without mitochondria because they are essen7al for energy produc7on. 3. What is the func7on of a lysosome? A lysosome is an organelle in eukaryo7c cells that func7ons as the cell's diges7ve system; it breaks down waste materials, cellular debris, and foreign invaders like bacteria using diges7ve enzymes.

Lab 2 Cell Structure and Function BIO201L • The spindle apparatus is fully formed and aUached to the chromosomes. Phase 3 : Anaphase • The sister chroma7ds have separated and are moving towards opposite poles of the cell. • The spindle apparatus is pulling the chroma7ds apart. Phase 4 : Telophase • The two sets of chromosomes have reached opposite poles of the cell. • The nuclear envelope is reforming around each set of chromosomes. • The spindle apparatus is disassembling.

Lab 2 Cell Structure and Function BIO201L EXPERIMENT 2: EXPLORING CELL SIZE Introduc>on Ques>ons 1. State the surface area equa7on used in this experiment. Use an equa7on editor to insert this equa7on below, using correct mathema7cal formaang to include symbols, frac7ons and superscripts. Your response must be formaUed correctly for credit. 2. State the volume equa7on used in this experiment. Use an equa7on editor to insert this equa7on below, using correct mathema7cal formaang to include symbols, frac7ons and superscripts. Your response must be formaUed correctly for credit. 3. If you were to double the size of a cell, how would its surface area and volume change? Use the two equa7ons you stated above to discuss this. ( Hint : Think of which of these two terms grows faster with an increase in radius.) If the size (radius) of a cell is doubled, you would replace r with 2r in both the surface area and volume equa7ons to see how they change. 1. Surface Area Original surface area: New surface area when radius is doubled: 2. Volume Original volume: New volume when radius is doubled: Comparing the 2: The new volume is which is 8 7mes the original volume. The new surface area is which is 4 =mes the original surface area. Surface area ( SA ) = 4 π r 2 Volume ( V ) = 4 3 π r 3 A = 4 π r 2 A ′ =4 π (2 r ) 2 A ′ = 4 π x 4 r 2 A ′ = 16 π r 2 V = 4 3 π r 3 V ′ = 4 3 π (2 r ) 3 V ′ = 4 3 π x 8 r 3 V ′ = 32 3 π r 3 32 3 π r 3 16 π r 2

Lab 2 Cell Structure and Function BIO201L Data and Observa>ons In the table below, input the radius you selected with the dial in the experiment. (Note, the experiment will report the diameter, but the table requires the radius.) For each of the radii, calculate the values in the table and record the observed “Time to Center of Cell” that you observed. Table 1: Surface Area and Volume in Rela>on to Cell Size Radius (µm) Surface Area (µm 2 ) Volume (µm 3 ) Surface Area:Volume Ra6o Time to Center of the Cell (s) 15 2827.43 2827.43 0.20 0.075 30 11309.73 14137.16 0.1 0.15 45 25446.90 381703.50 0.067 0.225 60 45238.93 904778.68 0.05 0.3 75 70685.83 1767145.86 0.04 0.375 90 101787.60 3053628.05 0.03 0.45 105 138544.23 4849048.30 0.028 0.525 120 180955.73 7238229.48 0.025 0.6 135 229022.10 10305994.70 0.022 0.675 150 282743.33 14137166.94 0.02 0.75

Lab 2 Cell Structure and Function BIO201L Results and Discussion Using the data you calculated and recorded in Table 1, above, generate a graph of the 7me to the center of the cell as a func7on of the surface area:volume ra7o. (Hint: the SA:V ra7o should be on the X axis and the 7me to the center on the Y axis.) Your graph must reflect the data in your table, must include your handwriUen name, and must also have the appropriate axis labels for credit. Submissions that do not contain a graph mee7ng these requirements may be rejected.