FINAL_LABS_BIOS255_Labs_BIOS_255_Week_5_Immune_System CT

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Chamberlain College of Nursing *

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255N

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Biology

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Jan 9, 2024

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Week 5 Immune System Learning Objectives: Discuss the fundamental need for the immune system. Identify physical and chemical barriers against pathogenic invasion. Describe mechanisms of immune invasion by pathogens. Predict the outcome of scenarios of immune deficiency. Summarize the key features of innate and adaptive immune responses. Describe antigen-antibody interactions. Classify immune cell types by their role in responses. Define immunological memory and its importance. Introduction: Immunity refers to the body's ability to defend itself against disease and infection. Immunity can be categorized into two different forms: innate or adaptive. We will explore the 2 types of immunity. Have you ever wondered what infections look like from the pathogen’s perspective? If our immune systems are so amazing, why do we get sick at all? The immune system is a complex army of cells and tissues that work together to protect your body from infection. In this simulation, you’ll play the part of a pathogen and try to establish an infectious colony within a human body. You will come face to face with the major cells and organs of the immune system. As the immune system fights back, you will gain a unique perspective on how immune cells work to destroy incoming pathogens. By exploring data maps from pivotal moments in human history you will see how an individual’s immunological status contributes to the health of their community and the spread of disease worldwide. You’ll meet the key cells involved in immune memory and explore the role of immunization in protecting people from preventable diseases. You will undertake a series of challenges in preparation for an important global health investigation. Assignment: Part 1 Labster “Introduction to Immunology: Explore the immune system and save the world” As you complete the lab, have the lab report ready to record data. The theory section is a helpful resource. Part 2 Complete the lab report.
Immune System Lab Report 1. Describe components of the immune system by completing the following chart (see theory): (½ point each for total of 3.5 points) Description/Function Innate immunity Physical and chemical barrier, born with this, it is non-specific to attacking pathogens, For Example Skin, Mucous Membranes, NK Cells, and Phagocytes. Adaptive immunity A combination of naturally occurring immunity, immunity that develops through time, and immunity that is mediated by specific cells or antibodies IgG When a mother breastfeeds her baby, the baby is protected by this antibody, which is also the most abundant antibody in the body. An increase in the abundance of a second exposer can occur when the same type of virus or cell is exposed to them. IgM Immunity mediated by B cells (before enough IgG levels) The ABO blood group system's anti-A and anti-B receptors are formed. Lymph and blood contain it. Agglutination and bacterial lysis are brought about by this, the complement system. IgA IgA is present in the mucous, tear, and saliva secretions. levels drop under stress, raising the risk of infection. offers specialized defense against infection.
IgE IgE—found in both blood and lymph—is the most potent allergen response. Causes mast cells and basophils to produce histamines once the complement system attaches to allergens. Guards against worms that feed on parasites. Thymus Precursor T-cells undergo development, differentiation, and proliferation while also acquiring antigen specificity and immunological tolerance toward host tissue. 2. What is the primary mode by which a macrophage engulfs pathogens? (1/2 point) Polysaccharide capsule and Hemolysin production. 3. What is a major functional difference between B cells and T cells? (½ point) T-cells secrete cytokines or kill diseased cells, whilst B-cells make and secrete antibodies. 4. Pathogens have been mutating and sharing resistance genes for millions of years. As such they have developed some very effective methods to evade, subvert and destroy the immune response. Identify 2 methods of immune evasion. ( 1/2 point each for total of 1 point) Manufacturing of polysaccharide capsules and hemolysin. 5. Record the data from the samples: (½ point each box for total of 4 points)
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Antibody detected Sample 1 Sample 3 Sample 7 Sample 8 IgM Negative (-) Positive (+) Negative (-) Positive (+) IgG Positive (+) Positive (+) Negative (-) Negative (-) 6. Interpret the results of Samples 1, 3, 7, and 8 by completing the following chart. Consider the significance of the presence or absence of IgM and/or IgG. (½ point per box for total of 4 points) Evidence of current exposure/infection? (yes or no) Evidence of previous exposure only with no current infection? (yes or no) Sample 1 No Yes Sample 3 Yes Yes Sample 7 No No Sample 8 Yes No 7. Discuss the benefit of vaccinations. ( 1 1/2 points) The fact that vaccines enable our bodies to develop immunity prior to the transmission of the disease makes them extremely advantageous. We are able to reduce the number of illnesses that occur when we receive immunizations.
Grading Rubric for Lab Report Activity Deliverable Points Part 1 Complete Labster 15 Part 2 Complete lab report 15 Total Complete all lab activities 30

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