Bio 2 Worksheet Review 9.12

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Bio 2 Worksheet Review (Ch. 18-19) Activity 1: Place the following events in the correct order . 1. Lamarck proposed that species change through time by acquiring characteristics throughout their life as individuals and passing those to their offspring creating more complex creatures. 2. Aristotle in his belief of typological thinking, proposed the scale of nature where the more complex organisms (humans) were seen as better or higher on the scale than less complex organisms such as plants. 3. Scientists proposed the change in frequency of alleles as the mechanism for natural selection 4. Darwin and Wallace proposed that species do change over time by the process of natural selection as they noticed a common ancestry between species. 5. Plato believed in typological thinking where species do not change but rather were created by God therefore, they must be perfect and stay the same. 6. Technological advancements allowed for the understanding of genetics and how they play a role in the heritability of traits emphasizing their role in natural selection. Activity 2: Name and describe the three major species concepts. Which one is the best one to use?

Activity 3: What are Darwin’s Four Postulates: 1. 2. 3. 4. Activity 4: Create a concept map, diagram or flow chart that explains the reproductive barriers involved in speciation.

Activity 5: Hardy-Weinberg Theorem What are the two important equations? What are the assumptions: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Activity 6: Match the correct term with the correct definition: Directional Selection A. . Balancing Selection B. Stabilizing Selection C. Disruptive Selection D.

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Activity 7: What term best describes the scenario? The American Bison was once hunted to such an extent that it became endangered. The population which have recovered today show very little genetic variations. This is an example of: a. Gene flow b. Evolution c. Founder effect d. Bottle-neck effect A honey-bee likes to look for nectar in many different fields of wild flowers in a park but it only likes one species of flower, the purple hufflepuff . As the bee goes from flower to flower it collects pollen. This is an example of: a. Genetic drift b. Polyploidy c. Gene flow d. Darwinism Activity 8:

What trait reflects a monophyletic group? What would this trait be considered? What trait would define a polyphyletic group? What would this trait be considered? (Explain what process is creates this) What trait would group the organisms into a paraphyletic group?

Answers Activity 1: Place the following events in the correct order . 7. Lamarck proposed that species change through time by acquiring characteristics throughout their life as individuals and passing those to their offspring creating more complex creatures. 8. Aristotle in his belief of typological thinking, proposed the scale of nature where the more complex organisms (humans) were seen as better or higher on the scale than less complex organisms such as plants. 9. Scientists proposed the change in frequency of alleles as the mechanism for natural selection 10. Darwin and Wallace proposed that species do change over time by the process of natural selection as they noticed a common ancestry between species. 11. Plato believed in typological thinking where species do not change but rather were created by God therefore, they must be perfect and stay the same. 12. Technological advancements allowed for the understanding of genetics and how they play a role in the heritability of traits emphasizing their role in natural selection. Answer: 5,2,1,4,3,6

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Activity 2: Name and describe the three major species concepts. Which one is the best one to use? Activity 3: What are Darwin’s Four Postulates: 1. 2. 3. 4. Answers: 1. Individuals in a population vary in their traits (individual variation) 2. Some of these differences are heritable; they are passed onto offspring (Heritability) 3. Survival and reproductive success are highly variable 4. Subset of individuals that survive best and produce the most offspring is not a random sample of the population Activity 4: Create a concept map, diagram or flow chart that explains the reproductive barriers involved in speciation.

Activity 5: Hardy-Weinberg Theorem What are the two important equations? p + q =1 p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1 What are the assumptions: 1. no net mutations 2. no gene flow 3. no selection 4. no genetic drift 5. random mating Activity 6: Match the correct term with the correct definition: Directional Selection D Balancing Selection C Stabilizing Selection B

Disruptive Selection A Activity 7: What term best describes the scenario? The American Bison was once hunted to such an extent that it became endangered. The population which have recovered today show very little genetic variations. This is an example of: e. Gene flow f. Evolution g. Founder effect h. Bottle-neck effect A honey-bee likes to look for nectar in many different fields of wild flowers in a park but it only likes one species of flower, the purple hufflepuff . As the bee goes from flower to flower it collects pollen. This is an example of: e. Genetic drift f. Polyploidy g. Gene flow h. Darwinism Activity 7: What trait reflects a monophyletic group? Hair, four limbs, amniotic egg, bony skeleton, monophyletic group: share derived trait between the ancestor, and all its descendants What would this trait be considered? Synapomorphy What trait would define a polyphyletic group? no tail, regulate body temp polyphyletic group: shared trait between some descants and not the ancestors What would this trait be considered? (Explain what process is creates this) Homoplasy (analogous) What trait would group the organisms into a paraphyletic group? Tail paraphyletic: shared trait with the ancestor and some of the descendants

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