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Jan 9, 2024

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Par t 1: J. Wellington Wimpy's Dietary Transformation Introduction : In this nutritional analysis, we explore the macromolecules found in J. Wellington Wimpy's meal changes before and after, delving into his gastronomic adventure. ● Before the Burger Meal Transformation: Pickles, ketchup, mustard, mayonnaise, lettuce, tomato, cheese, and beef patties on a bun. ● Protein (beef patties), carbs (burger buns), lipids (beef and cheese), and extra carbs (lettuce, tomato, pickles) are examples of macromolecules. ● Sub bread, turkey or ham slices, lettuce, tomato, cheese, pickles, mayonnaise, and mustard are the ingredients listed after transformation (sub meal). ● Protein (ham and turkey slices), carbs (bread), fats (meat and cheese), and extra carbs (lettuce and tomato) are examples of macromolecules. ● Comparatively, both meals probably include lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins. ● Because of the cheese and beef patties, burger meals may have higher fat; sub meals may contain leaner protein. ● Vegetables provide vitamins and minerals in both. ● Sub meal's bread may contribute to higher carbohydrates. Conclusion: There are differences in the macromolecular makeup; the turkey sub has a better balance and is probably a healthier choice. Wimpy might improve his choices by limiting high-fat sauces, eating more vegetables, and switching to whole grain bread. Case Study #2: Lactose Intolerance Patient Background: Carol's inadequate synthesis of lactase enzyme results in lactose intolerance and stomach problems. Yogurt, with its live cultures that aid with lactose digesting, is recommended by her doctor. Part 2: Case Study #1 - Structuring of Carbohydrates Introduction:

Explore the kingdom of carbohydrates, starting with monosaccharides and ending with polysaccharides. Monomers and Polymers: ● Glycosidic bonds allow disaccharides and polysaccharides to form. ● Polymerization techniques using dehydration Structure of Proteins: - Polypeptide chains are formed by amino acids ● Complex structures are shaped by hydrogen bonds, disulfide bridges, and peptide bonds. Monomers and Polymers in Proteins: ● Polypeptide chains are made of amino acids. ● differences in sequences that result in different roles for proteins. ● Protein Structures - Primary to Quaternary: ● beta sheets, which are tertiary structures. ● structures quaternary made up of many polypeptide chains. ● Structure of Fats: ● Triglycerides containing three fatty acids and glycerol. ● Saturated and unsaturated fats are necessary for thermal regulation and energy retention. ● Condensation and Hydrolysis Reactions: ● Water is released when condensation forms polymers. ● Using water, hydrolysis breaks down polymers into monomers. ● Functions of Carbohydrates, Proteins, and Fats: ● Carbs provide you with instant energy. ● Proteins function as enzymes, messengers, and structural elements.

● Fats for energy storage and insulation. Functional Groups in Biomolecules: ● carbs contain hydroxyl and carbonyl groups. ● Proteins contain amino and carboxyl groups. ● Fats include carboxyl and hydroxyl groups. Case Study #2 - The Enzymatic Dance Introduction: Substrates are guided through complex stages by enzymes, who act as the choreographers of cellular dances. The Induced Fit Ballet: ● : In the Induced Fit Model, enzymes remodel themselves around substrates. ● The adaptability of the substrate-enzyme relationship. The Orchestra of Enzyme Regulation: ● Enzyme activation by conductors. ● Inhibitors slow down reactions by muting the group. The Activator’s Call: ● Activators awaken enzymes, leading to increased metabolism. The Inhibitor’s Lullaby: ● Inhibitors soothe enzymes, slowing down reactions. The Dance of Allosteric Regulation: ● Allosteric sites affecting enzyme activity. ● Activators and inhibitors regulating the dance. The Enzymatic Quest: ● By accelerating processes, enzymes preserve the equilibrium of cells.

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Case Study #3 - The Osmotic Symphony ● Examine osmosis, cellular transport, and the fluid-mosaic model in the introduction. ● The Duel between Passive and Active Transport: ● Molecules travel down the concentration gradient through passive transport. ● Energy used to move molecules against a gradient is known as "active transport." ● The Fluid Mosaic Waltz has fluidly arranged lips dancing. ● Semi-permeability is produced by proteins decorating the membrane. ● The semi-permeable curtain preserves cellular integrity by allowing tiny molecules to pass through. ● The guards of the Mosaic: Differentiating proteins acting as guards. ● guarantees the functionality and safety of the cell. ● Water molecules passing across the semi-permeable barrier is known as the "osmotic ballet." ● preserving the integrity and form of the cell. ● The Chronicles of Transport: ● Following the concentration gradient is passive transport. ● Active Transport moves against the gradient ●

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