Biod 152 M1E v1

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BIOD 152 M1E Study online at https://quizlet.com/ ec87sg This is a collection of cell bodies found in the peripheral nervous system. This is a bundle of axons found in the peripheral nervous system This part of the autonomic system accelerates the heart beat and increases breathing rate. This part of the autonomic system increases digestion. The dorsal root of a nerve contains what type of neurons? The ventral root of a nerve contains what type of neurons? This part of a neuron conducts nerve impulses towards the cell body. This part of a neuron conducts nerve impulses away from the cell body An interneuron inside the spinal cord is part of the: A neuron going to the bicep of the forearm is part of the B. Peripheral nervous system D. Somatic system F. B&D The neuron pictured, below, is best described as True or false: Neurons do not physically touch one another Neurons come into direct physical contact with one another. Describe the synthesis and storage of neurotransmitters. Describe the function and release of neurotransmitters. An afferent neuron carries information: An efferent neuron carries information: A postsynaptic neuron would be found: What is the location and function of Satellite cells? What is the location and function of Astrocytes? A patient's left thumb was severed in a cooking accident and then reattached during surgery. Would the patient be expected to regrow axons in their thumb? Why or why not? Ganglia Nerve Sympathetic Parasympathetic Sensory (Afferent) Motor (efferent) Dendrites Axon Central nervous system B. Peripheral nervous system D. Somatic system Multipolar True False Neurotransmitters are synthesized in the cell body and stored in secretory vesicles at the end of axon terminals. Neurotransmitters are released from the axon terminal. They transmit signals between nerve cells. From the peripheral to the central nervous system From the central to the peripheral nervous system After the synapse Location: Peripheral nervous system (PNS) Function: Control of environment of neuron cell bodies Location: Central nervous system (CNS) Function: Control of chemical environment inside CNS, forming blood brain barrier Yes Nerves can grows back because of Schwann cells that help the axons regrow. 1/3
BIOD 152 M1E Study online at https://quizlet.com/ ec87sg A patient's spinal cord was severed in a car accident. Would the patient be expected to regrow axons in their spinal cord? Name and describe what is occurring in the neuron cell membrane in section 2 of the diagram. At rest, a neuron plasma membrane is: Which of the following is true concerning the sodium-potassium pump? Which of the following is false concerning the sodium-potassium pump? True or false: A sensory neuron is signaling the body of extreme pain. This means that the strength of the action potential is greater than usual. Explain your reasoning. Which of the following statements is true concerning the neuro- muscular junction? No Central nervous system axons are not capable of regeneration. Phase 1: Resting Potential: During the resting phase, both sodium and potassium gates are closed. Phase 2: Depolarization: The sodium gates open, and sodium rushes into the axon during the depolarization phase of the action potential. Voltage travels to zero and then on up to +40 mV. Phase 3. Repolarization: The sodium gates close, and potassium gates open allowing potassium to rush out of the axon. This returns a negative voltage to the inside of the axon Phase 4: Afterpolarization, also called hyperpolarization. Potas- sium gates are slow to close, and there is an undershoot of the potential. The voltage drops below -70mV and then returns to -70mV as the resting state begins Action potential voitage (mV) 0 1 2 3 4 S Time (ms) -70 mV (polarized) TRUE - It must remain in constant operation to maintain the resting state FALSE - The overall effect is a negative charge on the outside of the membrane. False Strength of action potential in sensory neuron does not change with the intensity of a stimulus. Sensory neurons signal intensity of a stimulus by varying the frequency of action potential. TRUE - The NMJ terminates on a muscle fiber. Which of the following statements is false concerning the neuro- FALSE - Sodium ions release from the presynaptic motor neuron. muscular junction? How is a message sent from one neuron to another? What prevents continuous stimulation of a nerve synapse and how is this accomplished? What neurotransmitter helps regulate emotional responses and muscle tone? What neurotransmitter is found at the neuromuscular junctions? True or False: Action potentials travel in one direction within the same neuron. True or False: Reflexes occur only with conscious intervention from the brain. Messages between neurons travel through synapses. When a nerve impulse reaches the end of a neuron, it releases neu- rotransmitters. These bind to the next neuron, opening sodium channels, causing depolarization and continuing the impulse. The short existence of neurotransmitters prevents continuous stimulation. Dopamine Acetylcholine (ACh) True False 2/3
BIOD 152 M1E Study online at https://quizlet.com/ ec87sg Fill in the blank: In a reflex, the neuron conducts nerve impulses along a pathway towards the central nervous system. In a reflex, the neuron conducts nerve impulses along a pathway to create a response Where is the integration center of a reflex located? This part of a reflex is inside the CNS, made up of one or more synapses. Which of the following statements is true about reflexes? Which of the following statements is false about reflexes? What is true about the stretch reflex? What is false about the stretch reflex? What is true about the flexor withdrawal reflex What is false about the flexor withdrawal reflex? Your doctor taps on your patellar tendon. List out the steps, in detail, of the nervous pathway of the reflex he is testing. Include any sensory organs involved and the action of the reflex. You touch a hot pan when cooking Multiple Sclerosis is an autoimmune disease which attacks the myelin sheath of the nerve axon. Patients with this disease may experience difficulty using the muscles of their arms and legs. Explain why this would occur. Botulism is a disease caused by a neurotoxin that interferes with the release of Acetylcholine. Patients with this disease experience flaccid paralysis, or the inability to contract their muscles. Explain why this would occur? sensory (afferent) Motor (efferent) CNS (central nervous system) Integration center TRUE - Regulation of blood sugar by hormones is one example of a reflex. FALSE - Pulling a hand away from a hot flame is not a reflex; it is entirely voluntary True - the muscle spindle detects stretch within the muscle False - The effect of the motor signal is to relax a muscle. True - B&C It involves excitatory interneurons - it involves inhibitory interneurons False - It does not involve interneurons. The effect of the reflex is to create a co-contraction of two muscles Tapping the patellar tendon stretches the quadriceps muscle. Muscle spindles in the muscle detect this stretch. Sensory neurons transmit the signal to the spinal cord. A direct connection (monosynaptic) activates motor neurons. Motor neurons cause the quadriceps to contract. The leg extends involuntarily in response to the tap. Nociceptors in your skin detect the heat. Sensory neurons carry the pain signal to the spinal cord. Interneurons in the spinal cord relay the signal to motor neurons. Motor neurons cause the muscles to contract. Your hand quickly withdraws from the hot pan to avoid injury. In multiple sclerosis (MS), the immune system damages the pro- tective myelin sheath around nerve fibers in the central nervous system. This disrupts nerve signal transmission, leading to muscle weakness and difficulty using the muscles of the arms and legs. Botulism is a disease caused by a toxin that stops the release of acetylcholine, a chemical needed for muscle movement. This interference leads to flaccid paralysis, where muscles become limp and can't contract, causing muscle weakness and loss of control. 3/3
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