jhynson_HistoricalissuesinHumanResearchPresentation_10092023

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Historical issues in Human Research Presentation Joseph Hynson Rasmussen University G217/Dep2004 Section 03 Human Growth and Development Professor Charlotta Richardson 10/09/2023
Tuskegee Syphilis Study The Tuskegee syphilis experiment was a study conducted in Tuskegee, Alabama, by the US Public Health Service between 1932 and 1972 on four hundred African American men who had syphilis. During the experiment, scientists charted the course of the disease in the men, all of whom had contracted the disease before there their participation in the study. None of the men received treatment for the condition. At least 254 men died as a result of the disease or complications stemming from it. None of the subjects knew that they were simply being observed over the course of the illness as part of an experiment on the effects of syphilis on African American men. Instead the men were told that they were receiving medical treatment. The U.S. Public Health Service Syphilis Study at Tuskegee highlighted issues in race and science. The aftershocks of this study, and other human experiments in the united states.
Ethics in Human Reseach -Ethics in human research simply means doing the right thing. Additionally, researchers are expected to in the right spirit and take into account the concerns of other fellow creatures. -In regard to Tuskegee experiment human research ethics were not taken to account since the experiment subjects were denied rights to medication.
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Background and Hypothesis of Tuskegee Research -Tuskegee syphilis study was initiated to establish the natural courses of untreated syphilis. -Additionally the researchers wanted to establish whether syphilis led to cardiovascular damage compared to neurological damage. -Also the study was expected to identify whether the disease was predominant among the blacks.
Roles of institutional review board (IRB) -Partners of public health research -Ensure the researcher adhere to established ethical and regulatory standards. -Ensure that the three principles are taken into account, that is respect for persons, benefits, and justice. -When the Tuskegee syphilis experiment was carried out, there was no institutional review board; this explains the reason behind researchers malpractice. -Due to the unethical methods applied during the study, they contributed to the implementation of national research act in 1974. -Institutional review board could of been instrumental in the research since the participants interests could have considered. -IRB also could have prevent the death of more than a hundred research subjects.
-The information about the disease and the intention could of been disclosed to the subject if the institutional review board was in place. -Lack of institutional review board was in place. -Lack of institutional review during the research created an opportunity for the researcher to exploit the subjects for their personal gain. -Personal interest are witnessed when the researchers fails to disclose accurate information about the disease and deny patients access to medication.
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Institutional review board Principles The current IRB principles include: -Fair subject selection -Informed consent -Favorable risk -Scientific validity -Social value
Continued In the Tuskegee syphilis study there are several IRB principles that were not taken into account, these principles include: -Informed consent; the researcher failed to disclose vital information to the subject regarding the disease. This in turn hindered the subject to make informed decision regarding the study. -The second principle that was neglected is favorable risk. The benefits should be above the expected risk, the decision by the researcher to deny patients access to medication exposed the subject to greater risk. -The third principle is social value, the research concentrated on a specific group of people, that is, black people. This made the research to lack diversification, hence the research had no social significance.
The END References Amdur, R. J., & Bankert, E. A. (2021). Institutional review board: Member handbook. Jones & Bartlett Learning. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/ras/detail.action? docID=6407908 -Mackey-Kalis, S. (2019). Tuskegee experiment. Salem press encyclopedia.
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