Post_lab #6 Homework

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Pennsylvania State University *

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Apr 3, 2024

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Post-lab Homework #6 (10 points): Assessing a scientific paper: Spiny Mice Modulate Eumelanin to Pheomelanin Ratio to Achieve Cryptic Coloration in ‘‘Evolution Canyon,’’ Understanding how to read scientific papers is a critical skill for scientists, physicians, and students of science. The goal of this homework assignment is to continue to improve your ability to critically read and understand primary scientific literature. A secondary goal is to see an example of a research study done in the Evolution Canyon system – the same system you are exploring in the Sordaria genetics lab. See your laboratory syllabus for the due date. It is your responsibility to ensure that your assignment has been submitted properly. Assignments that are not submitted properly will be considered late and will lose points according to the guidelines in the lab syllabus. For each question provide a brief but complete answer (This is NOT an essay. Answer each question individually). You should write in complete sentences and proofread your work for spelling and grammatical errors. Note that the answer may be found in more than one place in the article. Remember that you should write in your own words. Do not copy and paste from the article! THIS ASSIGNMENT MUST BE WRITTEN IN YOUR OWN WORDS – DO NOT CUT AND PASTE FROM THE ORIGINAL ARTICLE OR ANY OTHER SOURCE. Using the words of another writer is plagiarism – a violation of the Penn State Academic Integrity policy. Section 1: Paper specific questions 1. What are the three main adaptive functions for coloration in mammals stated in the paper? The three main types of adaptive functions for coloration in mammals include camouflaging with their environment, regulation of physiological processes, and intraspecific communication 2. Why is Evolution Canyon a good place to look at adaptive coloration? The evolution canyon is a good place to look for adaptive coloration because it has a variety of slopes that have different types of environments and produce different colorations of spiny mice. 3. What color is pheomelanin? Contains colors from yellowish to brown 4. What color is eumelanin? Contains colors from greyish to black 5. What is the difference between the mice on the “African” and “European” slopes? Mice living on the “African” slope are hypothesized to have a lighter coat (pheomelanin) color than the mice on the “European” slope. The mice living on the European slope had darker coats (eumelanin). 6. In 2-3 sentences, summarize the results of this research. The amounts of pheomelanin contents were significantly higher on the “African” slope. However, the eumelanin contents were higher on the European slopes. The contents of pheomelanin and eumelanin in male and female mice did not vary on either slope.

Section 2: General science questions 1. Why is this research important? This research is important because it helps us understand the spiny mice species and the coloration of different mammals in relation to their environment. 2. What is the hypothesis and/or research goal of the study? In what section(s) of the paper do you find this? Hint: it is more than 1 section. The hypothesis of this study is that the African slope mice would show more yellowish color in their coats because of their environment, while the European slope mice would exhibit greyish colors due to their environment. The sections you would find this is in the introduction, discussion and conclusion. 3. What are the major methods used? What tense is used? (Limit your answer to 5 sentences or fewer.) The major method used was to trap thirty mice from the different slopes mentioned in the article, keep them in contained conditions, extract the fur and examine for melanin analysis. This was described in past tense as the experiment had already occurred. 4. What are the major results? The results were that the mean eumelanin content from the European slopes was great than the eumelanin content from the African slopes. However, the pheomelanin content was increased on the African slopes and not the European slopes. 5. What conclusion(s) did the authors make about their hypothesis/goal? The conclusion that was made was that the mice adapt to their surroundings by increasing their levels of pheomelanin or eumelanin in order to survive in their habitat. 6. What new hypothesis/goal emerges from the results? The researchers in this study hypothesized that the mice coat pigment switches to match their environment. 7. Did you already know the background material needed to understand the research? If you wanted more background information on the topic, where in your textbook would you look? Where in the article would you look to find more information? Which article would you read? Yes, I did need to know the background information to understand the research, however we learned about this in lecture. If I were to look in my textbook for more information, I would look at the first few tutorials that go over natural selection and evolution. If I wanted more information on this article, I would visit the references section and look at the “Adaptive Coloration in Animals” article. How would you properly cite this article in the “References” section of a lab report? (Refer to “Citing Sources using APA Format” in the General Information module on Canvas):

Singravelan, Natarajan et al. 2010. Spiny Mice Modulate Eumelanin to Pheomelanin Ratio to Achieve Cryptic Coloration in ‘‘Evolution Canyon,’’ Israel. Vol. 5. Pp. 1-7 Singravelan, Natarajan et al. 2010. Spiny Mice Modulate Eumelanin to Pheomelanin Ratio to Achieve Cryptic Coloration in ‘‘Evolution Canyon,’’ Israel. Vol. 5. Pp. 1-7.

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