PopGen_II_ProtocolandDatasheet_

Name: _Sandi Mitra___ Section: __BIOL 112-570___ Population Genetics II Datasheet Lab Activity 1: 1. Observe the class data. Which region has the highest percentage of individuals carrying a sickle-cell allele? The highest percentage of sickle-cell alleles is in Johannesburg, South Africa with 50% being positive for having or carrying the sickle-cell allele. Sudan is next with 25% of the samples having or carrying SC allele. Lastly, Congo has the least with 12.5% of the samples carrying SC allele. 2. Consider the relationship between the prevalence of the sickle-cell trait and the probability of contracting malaria. Rank the three African regions from most likely to least likely to be exposed to malaria. Most likely: Kinshasa Intermediate: Sudan Least likely: Johannesburg 3. Based on the class results, where would you recommend the World Health Organization spend their malaria abatement funds? Explain. WHO should use their malaria abatement funds and concentrate them on Kinshasa. This is because normal hemoglobin (HBA) is more susceptible to getting malaria, and Kinshasa has a larger percentage of people who have the HBA allele (87.5%). Even though they are the least percentage of having sickle-cell, that makes them have a higher risk of malaria due to its nature. Refer to Figure 1 below and note that Anopheles mosquitos are more common in the darker shaded regions and less common in the lighter shaded areas of Africa. These mosquitos transport the Plasmodium parasite so there is a direct correlation between the presence of the mosquito and malaria infection rates. Revised Fall 2023 1

Name: _Sandi Mitra___ Section: __BIOL 112-570___ 4. How do the relative percentages of sickle-cell/ traits in these locations compare to the relative abundance of Anopheles mosquitos? The relative percentages of sick-cell trait and the relative abundance of Anopheles mosquitos are indirectly correlated. As shown in the diagram, Congo has more risk and incidence of malaria and that is also where Kinshasa is located. In an area with less sickle cell, there is more risk of malaria and vice versa. 5. As the malaria death rate increases, what would you expect to happen to the number of sickle-cell/ deaths? As malaria related deaths increase, the sickle cell deaths will increase due to natural selection, however, the carries (heterozygotes) will take advantage of the situation as they will “have” sickle cell anemia but not die from it AND will have a lower chance of getting malaria due sickle-cell. 6. Explain your answer in terms of natural selection and the "heterozygote advantage." As stated above, those who have the heterozygote advantage will neither contract malaria nor sickle cell allele. This will cause an increase in heterozygote population and a decrease with homozygous alleles due to natural selection. 7. The sickle-cell allele most likely originated when a mutation occurred in a normal hemoglobin allele. If the trait arose in Africa, where did it most likely originate? The sickle-cell allele would have originated in an area where multiple generations (currently) have it or it is denser in an area. Looking at the data, it would most likely originate in Johannesburg. Revised Fall 2023 2 Figure 2. Risk and incidence of malaria. Refer to the map posted in the lab and enter the approximate locations of Al-Khartum, Johannesburg, and Kinshasa on the figure above. Figure 1. Anopheles mosquito zones. Darker coloration indicates a wetter environment.

Name: _Sandi Mitra___ Section: __BIOL 112-570___ Sample Lane Distance (cm) Genotype Sample Lane Distance (cm) Genotype Sample Lane Distance (cm) Genotype + control 1 0.7 HBS + control 1 1.1 HBS + control 1 1.3 HBS - control 2 1.0 HBA - control 2 1.7 HBA - control 2 1.5 HBA G1 3 0.9 HBA/HBA B1 3 1.2 HBS/HBS Y1 3 1.2 HBA/HBA G2 4 0.9 HBA/HBA B2 4 1.7 HBA/HBA Y2 4 1.0 HBA/HBS G3 5 0.8 HBA/HBA B3 5 1.8 HBA/HBA Y3 5 1.5 HBA/HBA G4 6 0.6 HBS/HBA B4 6 0.6 HBA/HBS Y4 6 1.4 HBA/HBA G5 7 0.9 HBA/HBA B5 7 1.1 HBS/HBS Y5 7 1.0 HBS/HBS G6 8 0.9 HBA/HBA B6 8 1.6 HBA/HBA Y6 8 1.2 HBA/HBA G7 9 0.9 HBA/HBA B7 9 0.6 HBA/HBS Y7 9 1.3 HBA/HBA G8 10 0.9 HBA/HBA B8 10 1.6 HBA/HBA Y8 10 1.3 HBA/HBA % with sickle-cell allele= 12.5% % with sickle-cell allele= 50.0% % with sickle-cell allele= 25.0% TABLE Revised Fall 2023 4