Genetic Word Problems

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Dec 6, 2023

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Genetic Word Problems Use Punnett squares to solve the following genetic problems; show your work for credit.  MENDELIAN In humans, curly hair is dominant over straight hair. A woman heterozygous for hair curl marries a man with straight hair, and they have four children. Predict their children’s genotype and phenotype.  MENDELIAN Two brown-eyed parents have two children with blue eyes. Give the genotypes of each family member.  MENDELIAN Albinism (lack of skin pigment) in humans is caused by a recessive gene. If normal parents have an albino child, what is the probability that their next child will be normal for pigment color?  MENDELIAN A homozygous, dominant individual for long eyelashes is crossed with a heterozygous individual. What is the probability that they will produce offspring without long eyelashes? Long lashes is dominant; short lashes is recessive.  MENDELIAN The gene for yellow coat color in mice is lethal (deadly) in a homozygous condition. Yellow coat is dominant to gray coat. What will the ratio of viable (those that are born and survive) phenotypes in a cross between two yellow-coated mice?  MENDELIAN In humans, brown eyes are dominant over blue eyes. What are the possible genotypes of children who have a heterozygous father for eye color and a mother who has homozygous brown and blue-eyed parents?

 MENDELIAN A homozygous gray mouse (GG) is crossed with a homozygous white mouse (gg). State the phenotype and genotype of the F 1 generation.  MENDELIAN Cross two the of the offspring from the problem above. Give the phenotype and genotypes of this F 2 generation.  MENDELIAN In mice, gray fur is dominant over white fur. Cross a heterozygous gray mouse with a homozygous gray mouse. State the phenotype and genotype of the possible offspring.  MENDELIAN A brown mouse is crossed with a heterozygous black mouse. If the mother has a litter of four, what are the chances of one being brown? (HINT: you are not missing any information – you can tell what color is dominant by the heterozygous mouse.)  MENDELIAN In Fairyland, the normal blue color for unigoats is dominant over the color pink. Starting with a purebred pink and a purebred blue unigoat as parents, what is the expected ration of phenotypes in the F 2 generation?  MENDELIAN In guinea pigs, short hair is dominant and long hair is recessive. A short-haired male and a short-haired female produce mostly short-hair offspring, but a few are long haired. What are the genotypes of the parents?

 MENDELIAN In sheep, white coast is dominant and black is recessive. Occasionally, a black sheep appears in a flock. Black wool is worthless since it cannot be dyed. How could a farmer eliminate the genes for black coat from his flock?  MENDELIAN The polled (hornless) trait in cattle is dominant. The horned trait is recessive. A certain polled bull is mated to three cows. Cow A, which is horned, gives birth to a polled calf. Cow B, also horned, produces a horned calf. Cow C, which is polled produces a horned calf. Name the genotypes of the father cow and the three mother cows.  SEX-LINKED If a human male (XX) and female (XY) produce children, what portion of their offspring should be males? What proportion should be females?  SEX-LINKED In humans, normal vision (X N ) is dominant to colorblindness (X n ) and is sex-linked. A normal-visioned man, whose father was colorblind marries a colorblind woman. What are the chances that a son will be color blind? A daughter? Explain. Cow A Cow B Cow C

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 SEX-LINKED Hemophilia is due to a sex-linked recessive gene (X h ) and the normal condition to the gene (X H ). A hemophiliac man marries a woman who is not. Their first son has hemophilia. What are the chances that their daughter, if they had one, will be hemophilic?  SEX-LINKED In humans, Pseudohypertrophic Muscular Dystrophy is a condition in which the muscles gradually waste away. Ending in death in their early teens. In some families, it is dependent upon a sex-linked recessive gene. This type occurs only in boys and has never been reported in girls. Why is it not to be expected in girls?  SEX-LINKED “Bent” is a dominant X-linked gene in mice. It results in a short, crooked tail. The recessive allele produces normal tails. If a normal-tailed female is mated to a bent-tailed male, what are the phenotypic and genotypic ratios expected of their baby mice?  CODOMINANCE Cat fur color is determined by codominance. The allele for tan fur (TT) and the allele for black fur (BB) are codominant. The heterozygous condition (TB) results in a cat with tan and black spots, called a tabby cat. What would occur if a tan cat was crossed with a tabby cat? Give the genotypes and phenotypes of their offspring.  CODOMINANCE If two tabby cats are crossed with each other, what is the likelihood they will have a tabby kitten? A black kitten?

 INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE In humans, hair type is determined by incomplete dominance. Some people have curly hair (CC), some have straight hair (SS), and heterozygotes have wavy hair (CS). What would occur if a person with wavy hair had a baby with a person with straight hair? Identify the genotypes and phenotypes of their expected of spring.  INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE If two people with wavy hair have a baby together, what is the likelihood that they will have a curly haired baby? A straight-haired baby?  INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE In a species of birds, incomplete dominance between alleles for black (B) and white (W) feathers is observed. Heterozygotes are blue. If two blue birds are crossed, what will be the possible genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring?  CODOMINANCE Sickle-cell anemia is a trait that exhibits codominance. A person with an AA genotype does not have sickle-cell anemia, and a person with a SS genotype has full sickle-cell anemia. A person with an AS genotype will have sickle-cells, though they might show little or no symptoms (known as a carrier). Englebert is a carrier for sickle-cell anemia (shows little symptoms), and his wife, Gwendoline, does not have it. What are the chances that Englebert and Gwendoline will have a child with ANY sickle-shaped blood cells?

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