Group Assignment #1 Fall 23

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Kennesaw State University *

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Biology

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Dec 6, 2023

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Foundations of Microbiology BIOL 2260 Class Activity #1 in Group in prep for Exam 1 Date 9/7/2023 4 points Peer to Peer Interactions Group 1 Group Leader- Members- 1. Explain Differential versus selective media Q N As 1. Which of the following are true of Bacteria and Archaea? a. Both bacteria and archaea contain extreme halophiles and extreme thermophiles b. Both are known to cause human disease c. Both do not have an organized nucleus d. Both are characterized as prokaryotes 2. All living organism can be classified into three domains: a. Eukaryotes, Prokaryotes, and Viruses b. Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya c. Animalia, Plantae, and Microbes d. Bacteria, Fungi, and Protozoa 3. Which of the following is true of scientific names assigned to living microorganisms? a. The scientific name is always underlined or italicized b. The entire scientific name is capitalized c. The scientific name begins with the kingdom name d. The scientific name ends with the genus Group 2 Group Leader- Members-

Explain Positive versus negative staining & Simple versus differential staining Positive dyes the cell, negative dyes the background Q N As 4. Which of the following types of microorganisms and its description are NOT correctly matched? a. Bacteria – prokaryotic b. Fungi – eukaryotic c. Protozoa – small animals d. Helminths – multicellular animals 5. Which of the following are properties true to both bacteria and viruses? a. Both contain DNA and/or RNA b. Both can be visualized by brightfield microscopy c. Both have to replicate inside host cells d. Both have cell walls composed of peptidoglycan 6. A new microorganism has been isolated from hot springs in Yellowstone National Park. It consists of single cells, which appear to lack a nucleus. Chemical analysis shows the presence of both DNA and RNA in the cytoplasm and peptidoglycan in the cell wall. In which of the following groups will this organism be classified? a. Plants b. Fungi c. Archaea d. Bacteria Group 3 Group Leader- Members- Differentiate between Ocular and Objective lens & Define Resolution Objective is the real image and ocular is the virtual image. 7. What structure does light pass through after leaving the condenser in a compound light microscope? A) ocular lens B) objective lens C) specimen D) illuminator 8. Which of the following places the steps of the Gram stain in the correct order? 1-Alcohol decolorizer 2-Crystal violet 3-Safranin 4-Iodine A) 1-2-3-4 B) 2-1-4-3 C) 2-4-1-3

D) 4-3-2-1 E) 1-3-2-4 9. Which of the following is NOT true regarding the acid-fast stain? A) It is used to identify members of the genus Mycobacterium . B) Acid-fast cells retain the primary dye after treatment with acid-alcohol. C) If cells are acid-fast, they are gram-negative. D) Acid-fast cells appear red in a completed acid-fast stain. E) Non-acid-fast microbes appear blue in a completed acid-fast stain. Group 4 Group Leader- Members- Short notes on recombinant DNA technology & give 1-2 examples of Biotech products. Alcohol and cheese production and GMOs 10. The purpose of a mordant in the Gram stain is to A) remove the simple stain. B) make the bacterial cells larger. C) make the flagella visible. D) prevent the crystal violet from leaving the cells. E) make gram-negative cells visible. 11. Which microscope is used to see internal structures of cells in a natural state? A) compound light microscope B) phase-contrast microscope C) darkfield microscope D) fluorescence microscope 12. What is the total magnification of a specimen viewed with a 10x ocular lens and a 45x objective lens? A) 4.5x B) 10x C) 45x D) 100x E) 450x Group 5 Group Leader- Members- Write the work done by each of these scientists Louis Pasteur. Robert Koch. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

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Alexander Flemmings Rebecca Lancefield Q & As 13. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT regarding prokaryotic cells? A) Their DNA is not enclosed within a membrane. B) They lack membrane-enclosed organelles. C) They typically have a circular chromosome. D) They reproduce by binary fission. E) They lack a plasma membrane. 14. Which of the following terms best describes the cell in Figure 4.2? A) peritrichous flagella B) amphitrichous flagella C) lophotrichous flagella D) monotrichous flagellum E) axial filament 15. Which of the following is NOT a typical characteristic of most bacterial plasma membranes? A) site of energy production B) composed of a phospholipid bilayer C) contains proteins D) contains cholesterol E) is selectively permeable 16. Which of the following statements about gram-negative cell walls is FALSE? A) They protect the cell in a hypotonic environment. B) They have an extra outer layer composed of lipoproteins, lipopolysaccharides, and phospholipids. C) They are toxic to humans. D) They are sensitive to penicillin. E) Their Gram reaction is due to the outer membrane. Group 6 Group Leader- Members - List the difference between Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

17. In Figure above, which diagram of a cell wall is a gram-negative cell wall? A) a B) b C) both a and b D) neither a nor b E) The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided. 18. A prokaryotic cell wall that has primarily peptidoglycan with small amounts of teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid is …. A. gram-negative. B. gram-positive. C. archaea. D. spheroplast. E. acid fast. 19. The bacterial flagellum has three parts in the order from cytoplasm to external environment:….. A. filament, hook, basal body. B. filament, basal body, hook. C. basal body, hook, filament. D. hook, basal body, filament. E. basal body, filament, hook. 20. Where are phospholipids most likely found in a prokaryotic cell? A. flagella B. around organelles C. the plasma membrane D. ribosomes E. the plasma membrane and around organelles Group 7 Biogenesis and abiogenesis

The periplasmic space …………. A. is found only in Gram-positive bacteria B. is located between the plasma membrane and outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria C. contains hydrolytic enzymes and binding proteins involved in nutrient acquisition D. Both B and C . . Gram positive cell walls usually contains large amounts of…………….. A. Exotoxin B. Teichoic acid C. Endotoxin D. phospholipid . Which of the following is correct? A. escherichia coli B. escherichia Coli C. Escherichia coli D. Escherichia Coli . Phospholipid molecule has………… A. Polar head B. Hydrophilic end C. Hydrophobic end D. Two of the above E. None of the above

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