AP BIO Diffusion Demonstration

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1003

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Biology

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Dec 6, 2023

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Diffusion demonstration In this activity, we will witness the diffusion of different particles across a selectively permeable membrane. We use the term “selectively permeable” to discuss how a membrane lets some particles go in or out, but not all particles. This membrane is an artificial plastic tube, not a real cell membrane. It selects particles based on their size – if a particle is small enough to go through the small holes of the tubing, then it can cross. If a particle is too large, then it does not cross. We will have several particles inside or outside the cell in this experiment, and we will be able to see what they do over the course of 20-30 minutes. Particles: ● IKI – has a orange-brown color unless in the presence of starch – then it turns blue-black ● starch ● glucose – we will use test strips that turn different colors if glucose is present Data: Put “checks” in the table below if the particle is present in that location Start of the experiment Particle Is it outside the cell? Is it inside the cell? IKI ✓ starch ✓ glucose ✓ End of the experiment Particle Is it outside the cell? Is it inside the cell? IKI ✓ starch ✓ glucose ✓ Conclusion: Write a paragraph and answer the following questions in your paragraph. 1. Which particles were able to cross the cell membrane? Which particles were NOT able to cross the cell membrane? How do you know (cite evidence from our observations)? 2. How do particles naturally move? You cannot say that particles always move from outside to inside or inside to outside – what is the rule demonstrated here? 3. For the particles that moved, did they ALL move to the other side? What is the rule here?
4. Did the movement of one particle depend on the movement of another? Explain. The particles that were able to cross the cell membrane were IKI and glucose. To explain, when IKI is mixed with starch, it turns a blue-black color. The demonstration shows that the before color of the cell membrane (bag) was hazy clear. The after color of the cell membrane shows that it became a blue-black color. This means that the IKI was able to enter the cell membrane and mix with the starch that was already inside. Glucose was also able to cross because the before glucose test showed that no glucose was present outside of the cell membrane. However, the after glucose test showed that there were high levels of glucose outside the membrane. The particle that was not able to cross was starch. This is because starch must have stayed inside the membrane in order to mix with IKI since the cell membrane turned into a black-blue color. Particles naturally move through diffusion. Diffusion is the movement of particles from high to low concentration. This is demonstrated in the experiment because the molecules inside the cell membrane are in a high concentration, which makes them want to move to a lower concentration. However, because of the ties on each end of the bag, only the smaller molecules (IKI and glucose) will be able to pass, while starch has to stay due to its size. The IKI and glucose did not ALL move to the other side due to the process of selective permeability and pore sizes. The video shows that even though the cell membrane turned into a blue-black, the outside color remained constant. This means that there is still IKI outside the cell membrane. The movement of one particle DOES depend on another because of the process of diffusion. For example, the cell membrane in the experiment has a high concentration, so glucose decides to move outside the membrane through facilitated diffusion. However, the goal of this dispersion is to become evenly distributed throughout the area, so at some point, the molecules will reach dynamic equilibrium. Therefore, the glucose particles will know when to stop moving depending if they reach dynamic equilibrium or not.
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