ADS Lecture Notes-06.29.23

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Dec 6, 2023

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06/29/23 - BSCI2223-0101 PAK 3.1 Review Q: If Fredrica has an ear infection caused by S. pneumoniae, why doesn't she get pneumonia? A: Infections by the same organism can cause different illnesses depending on the location of the infection. These bacteria are in the ear canal. Q: Can you isolate S. pneumoniae from your nasal cavity? A: Yes, because it is a primary entryway in our airways, it is part of many peoples normal microbiota. Could also be no because you would need to test for more info Q: If you wanted to try and isolate S. pneumoniae from your nasal cavity, how would you? A: Swab and take a sample and streak a plate to get isolated colonies and then you would need to test the isolated colonies for S. pneumoniae Q: What are some possible components of the pus found in the middle ear? A: immune cells, S. pneumoniae cells, dead tissue, dead cells, fluid, cytokines Q: How do the components of the pus relate to the redness of the eardrum and fever? A: The buildup of pus and mucus creates swelling, which causes blood vessels to expand, causing redness. More blood flow means heat. Pyrogens can also cause fever, Pus causes redness because the buildup of pus presses on the eardrum, which irritates it, causing it to inflame and turn red, WBCs recognize components of pus and release cytokines to attract other immune cells. This causes vasodilation so immune cells can exit the bloodstream and enter tissues to get to the site of infection. Increased blood flow causes redness and an increase in the temperature. Pus is made of WBCs and other dead cells. Fever is caused when WBCs release pyrogens. Q: In which scenario would amoxicillin not be useful in treating Fredrica’s otitis media symptoms? A: The bacteria could be resistant to the drug, not all infections are caused by bacteria (viral infection), if there is an allergy, the bacteria could be not susceptible to amoxicillin Lab HW 10 Q: What is the minimum inhibitory concentration of this antibiotic (based on the HW 10 data)? A: 3.13 ug/ml Q: Is this antibiotic bacteriostatic or bactericidal? A: Bactericidal → bc the growth after antibiotic removed was still the same as before, this means the antibiotic killed the cells vs inhibiting them Q: UV light damages DNA. What bases in the DNA specifically does it damage? A: pyrimidines , C and T Q: How do these changes affect the physical structure of DNA? A: Creates dimers Q: How can these changes kill cells? A: Cells will die from mutations forming Q: How long do you need to apply the cleaner to disinfect the surface? A: 1 minute minimum Adaptive immunity Q: Which of the following leads to production of memory cells? A: cell-mediated adaptive immune response, humoral adaptive immune response Q: Which of the following are part of an adaptive immune response? A: …

Q: Which of the following statements is true about the humoral adaptive immune response? A: it involved the production of antibodies, it usually targets extracellular pathogens

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