ADS notes BSCI223-05.31

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Dec 6, 2023

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Lecture 5/31 BSCI223-0101 Did Vaccination begin with Jenner? ● Variolation= deliberate inoculation of an uninfected person with smallpox virus (as by contact with pustular matter) ● Variolation against smallpox first occurred in the US in 1721 ● Early in 1700s, an enslaved person from Libya, Onesimus, described variolation as routine in the African village from which he was taken His description was reported to the Royal society in London, where the technique was tried ● In 1716, a physician in turkey reported that the practice of variolation was introduced to Constantinople by a Greek woman in 1660 Clickers: Q: What is true about Germ Theory? A: proved that diseases are caused by microorganisms Q: Robert Koch developed a set of postulates to do which of the following? A: Identify the causative agent of a particular disease Q: Which of the following statements is not a part of Koch's postulates? A: The causative agent must be present in healthy animals and the causative agent should be the only organism found in diseased animals Q: Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin by following up on Q: Bending of light as it passes through a medium refers to which of the following terms? A: Refraction Q: How do you determine the total magnification of a compound microscope? A: Multiply the ocular mag and the objective mag ● 40X on the microscope is the objective mag and multiply it by 10X which is the ocular mag Q: Which type of microscopy would allow you to visualize the SARS-COV2 virus, which is abt 100 nm in diameter? A: Electron Microscopy such as TEM or SEM Why did you take samples from both healthy and diseased chickens? What are you looking for in each sample? Both samples would be analyzed in order to determine which microorganisms are present in both the diseased and healthy chicken. Then we can determine which microorganisms are only present in the diseased chicken. The “healthy” chicken would be considered the negative control group (something to compare to). We need a control group! Thinking about Koch’s postulates, list the next steps you would need to take to identify the organisms responsible. We would need to begin by growing organisms and determine that the microbe is present in every case of the disease. We then must isolate the microbe from the diseased chicken and grow it in pure culture meaning ALONE in the petri dish. Then we would have to introduce the pure culture microbe to the healthy chicken and check for if the chicken succumbs to the disease. Then we would finally see if the microbe is able to be recovered from the

experimentally infected host because that is how we determine it is what made the chicken sick and diseased. What are the limitations to using Koch’s postulates? Not all organisms are reproducible in pure culture and not all hosts will act and react the same way to a disease or bacteria, different outcomes. There is also no animal model for a lot of microorganisms such as HIV.

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