NPB110A Midterm 1 Exam Guide: Tips and Practice Questions

Name: _____________________________________ SID: ________________ Sect A0__ Amy: 9:00-9:50 am in TLC 3213 (A01), 11:00-11:50 am in Wellman Hall 201 (A02), 10:00-10:50 am in TLC 3213 (A04) Laila: 10:00-10:50 am in Wellman Hall 201 (A03), 2:10am - 3:00 pm in Hart Hall 1120 (A05) 1 NPB110A Midterm 1 W2023 Th exam has 20 multiple choice questions (1 point each, for 20 points total) and 2 short answer questions (5 points each, for 10 total). Write your name on the scantron, bubble and write your ID, and bubble the exam version (see page 2), also write your name, SID, section on the two short answer pages in the indicated spots. We will deduct a point if any of these are missing. 1. Smaller organisms have a ____________ ratio of surface over volume (surface/volume) than larger organisms. Therefore, the larger organisms may have to develop _________. A. Smaller / organs with large surface areas for exchange B. Larger / a vascular system C. Larger / the ability to move D. Smaller / fluid filled cavities for circulating nutrients 2. Which of the following hypotheses refers to a proximate explanation for the observation that skunks make a stinky smell? A. Sandy thinks that skunk scent is secreted when the skunk hears a predator behind it B. Muhammad thinks that skunks developed their stink after separating from the rest of the weasel family C. David thinks that skunks developed their stink to ward of predators D. Sonia thinks that the stink is a social cue among skunks that helps them find a mate 3. Homeostasis relies on this very important concept to ensure parameters stay within a narrow range A. Positive feedback B. Positive feedforward C. Negative feedforward D. Negative feedback 4. Which of these membranes is most stiff? A. A membrane with long chain unsaturated fatty acids B. A membrane with long chain saturated fatty acids C. A membrane with short chain saturated fatty acids D. A membrane with short chain unsaturated fatty acids 5. Suppose a cell starts to express a new ion leak channel that allows X+ to go through it. The ion X+ has an equilibrium potential of +20 mV. What will happen to the resting membrane potential? A. The resting membrane potential hyperpolarizes B. The resting membrane potential depolarizes

Name: _____________________________________ SID: ________________ Sect A0__ Amy: 9:00-9:50 am in TLC 3213 (A01), 11:00-11:50 am in Wellman Hall 201 (A02), 10:00-10:50 am in TLC 3213 (A04) Laila: 10:00-10:50 am in Wellman Hall 201 (A03), 2:10am - 3:00 pm in Hart Hall 1120 (A05) 2 6. Which of these compounds can diffuse across the membrane unassisted (without any help)? 7. You are studying the mobility of a protein that is connected to the cytoskeleton of the cell using the FRAP technique. You have a set of untreated cells and three sets of treated cells, treated with different amounts of a poison that breaks apart the cytoskeleton connection of the proteins. What best describes the samples in the experiment below? A. A control; B, C, & D are poison in increasing concentration from B to D B. D control; A, B, & C are poison in decreasing concentration from A to C C. A control; B, C, & D are poison in decreasing concentration from B to D D. D control; A, B, & C are poison in increasing concentration from A to C 8. Which of the following is NOT a challenge that all organisms face? A. Remove waste products generated by metabolism B. Maintain the salt concentration in the environment C. Find and digest food D. Reproduce E. Avoid becoming someone else’s food A. B. C. D. E.

Name: _____________________________________ SID: ________________ Sect A0__ Amy: 9:00-9:50 am in TLC 3213 (A01), 11:00-11:50 am in Wellman Hall 201 (A02), 10:00-10:50 am in TLC 3213 (A04) Laila: 10:00-10:50 am in Wellman Hall 201 (A03), 2:10am - 3:00 pm in Hart Hall 1120 (A05) 3 9. Pick the TRUE statement about our body organization. A. Every organ system contributes to homeostasis B. Several tissues come together to form an organ C. Epithelial tissues specialize in sending signals D. The three types of muscle offer structural support 10. In the cell depicted here, which protein is a symporter? A. Protein A B. Protein B C. Protein C D. Protein D E. Protein E 11. For an ion M2+, with concentration inside the cell of 10mM and outside the cell of 70mM, which of these represents the Nernst Equation correctly filled in? A. 122 * log (10/70) B. 30.5 * log (70/10) C. 61 * log (10/70) D. 122 * log (70/10) E. 61 * log (70/10) 12. Why do we have 2 gates for the voltage-gated Na+ channel, but only 1 gate for the voltage- gated K+ channel? A. The second gate opens the voltage-gated Na+ channel at the peak of the action potential and allows K+ to repolarize the membrane B. It allows Na+ to flow through the channel during the entire action potential C. It allows Na+ flow to stop, even though the membrane is above threshold D. The slowness of opening of the K+ channel would prevent depolarization if there was no Na+ inactivation gate 13. We discussed experiments on the LG interneuron of the escape reflex to check for necessity and sufficiency. Imagine we would perform the same set of experiments on the motor giants in that same reflex. What would they show? These experiments would show that the motor giant neuron was A. NEITHER necessary NOR sufficient for the escape response B. Necessary for the escape response C. Sufficient for the escape response D. BOTH necessary AND sufficient for the escape response

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Name: _____________________________________ SID: ________________ Sect A0__ Amy: 9:00-9:50 am in TLC 3213 (A01), 11:00-11:50 am in Wellman Hall 201 (A02), 10:00-10:50 am in TLC 3213 (A04) Laila: 10:00-10:50 am in Wellman Hall 201 (A03), 2:10am - 3:00 pm in Hart Hall 1120 (A05) 4 14. You are doing an experiment to test your idea that sweetening the food of your mice with honey will increase their blood glucose. You take several mice, house them individually and give them a fixed amount of either regular food or food sweetened with honey. You come back the next day, weigh the remaining food to see how much the mice ate, and calculate how much sugar they may have taken in. You do this for a week and plot the data. What is missing in this experiment that will prevent you from drawing conclusions on your question? A. A hypothesis B. A dependent variable C. An independent variable D. A theory 15. The neurotransmitter Hopla has a reuptake transporter. A certain medication causes increased expression of the reuptake transporter. How does this affect signaling in the synapses using Hopla? How can we maintain the same level of signaling as before the medication was taken? A. The medication increases Hopla signaling / the presynaptic neuron can express a Hopla breakdown enzyme B. The medication increases Hopla signaling / the post synaptic neuron can express more Hopla receptors to match the Hopla concentration C. The medication reduces Hopla signaling / the presynaptic neuron can fire more action potentials per unit of time D. The medication reduces Hopla signaling / the presynaptic neuron can secrete more Hopla by keeping the voltage gated calcium channels open for a shorter amount of time 16. Setting up a negative membrane potential is done via several processes. What is TRUE about these processes? A. The resting membrane potential is largely due to negatively charged ions flowing across the membrane into the cell B. The Na+K+ ATPase contributes a small amount of charge separation across the membrane C. There are more leak channels for Na+ than for K+ and therefore the flux of Na+ out of the cell causes the membrane to become negative D. The large concentration forces on Na+ and K+ cause them to leave the cell and make the membrane negatively charged 17. A negatively charged ion has an equilibrium potential of +30 mV. What is TRUE for this ion at resting membrane potential? The ion is ____(more OR less)_______ concentrated inside the cell than outside the cell and would have a net flow ______(into OR out of)___________ the cell if channels were open for it. A. Less / out of B. Less / into C. More / out of D. More / into

Name: _____________________________________ SID: ________________ Sect A0__ Amy: 9:00-9:50 am in TLC 3213 (A01), 11:00-11:50 am in Wellman Hall 201 (A02), 10:00-10:50 am in TLC 3213 (A04) Laila: 10:00-10:50 am in Wellman Hall 201 (A03), 2:10am - 3:00 pm in Hart Hall 1120 (A05) 5 18. Crayfish can adjust their escape behavior during restraint. Here is data from two different crayfish. Fill in these blanks: We can say that the Crayfish 1 has a _____________ for escape behavior than Crayfish 2. Furthermore, we can say that both crayfish _______________ for making an escape, in response to restraint. A. Higher threshold / lower their threshold B. Lower threshold / lower their threshold C. Higher threshold / increase their threshold D. Lower threshold / increase their threshold 19. If we compare action potentials and graded potentials, what is true? A. Graded potentials depend on action potentials B. Action potentials hyperpolarize the cell C. Action potentials can be summated D. A stronger stimulus causes a larger graded potential E. Graded potentials are initiated in the axon hillock 20. Sort these synapses from fastest to slowest A. Metabotropic > ionotropic > electric B. Electric > metabotropic > ionotropic C. Ionotropic > electric > metabotropic D. Electric > ionotropic > metabotropic E. Ionotropic > metabotropic > electric

Name: _____________________________________ SID: ________________ Sect A0__ Amy: 9:00-9:50 am in TLC 3213 (A01), 11:00-11:50 am in Wellman Hall 201 (A02), 10:00-10:50 am in TLC 3213 (A04) Laila: 10:00-10:50 am in Wellman Hall 201 (A03), 2:10am - 3:00 pm in Hart Hall 1120 (A05) 6 Short answer question 1: neuronal signaling A neuron generates an action potential. A. Where in the neuron does this happen? Select the location by including its letter in your answer ( 0.5 points ) and naming it (0.5 points ). B. Describe the positive feedback loop that causes the upswing of the action potential once the membrane reaches threshold. ( 2 points ) C. What would this action potential look like if we (at the start of the action potential), add a poison that causes the voltage gated K+ channels in a neuron to not deactivate after activation? ( 1 point ). D. How would poison affect the resting membrane potential after the action potential? ( 1 point )

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Name: _____________________________________ SID: ________________ Sect A0__ Amy: 9:00-9:50 am in TLC 3213 (A01), 11:00-11:50 am in Wellman Hall 201 (A02), 10:00-10:50 am in TLC 3213 (A04) Laila: 10:00-10:50 am in Wellman Hall 201 (A03), 2:10am - 3:00 pm in Hart Hall 1120 (A05) 7 Short answer question 2: Hypothesis testing Several chickens are feeding in a garden, clucking, digging and scratching for worms. From a tree up high, a songbird makes a distinct call and all the chickens run for cover under the bushes. Sure enough, a bird of prey flies over. A. Come up with an ultimate hypothesis for the chicken’s behavior ( 1 point ) B. Come up with a proximate hypothesis for the chicken’s behavior ( 1 point ) C. Suppose you wanted to see if a certain brain circuit was necessary for the response. Describe the intervention you would do (in other words: how would you test for necessity?) ( 2 point ) D. You conclude from your experiment in C that the brain circuit is indeed necessary. In this circuit, a group of sensory neurons sends input onto a single interneuron. The interneuron integrates these inputs. What do we call that kind of summation? Answer: __________________________ summation ( 1 point )

NPB110A M1 2023W vA - answer key

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