Postlab 2 - W24

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University of California, Davis *

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BIS 2B

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Biology

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Feb 20, 2024

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Name: ______________________________ Section/ TA: _______________ Points: ________ /5 Postlab 2: Introduction to Bacterial and Archaeal Diversity Directions: Complete the questions below by the start time of your next lab. Be precise in your answers and pay attention to your reasoning. Your postlab is worth 5 points total . 1. (1 pts) Fill in the concept map below with the following terms related to microbe metabolism: chemo-, hetero-, chemical, organic, photo-, light, inorganic, auto-, litho-, organo-. Some terms may be used more than once . Photo- Light 2a. (0.25 pts) How many different combinations (e.g. “chemo-litho-autotroph”) of energy, electron, and carbon sources are there? 2b. (0.5 points) Look back at station B. How many of the above combinations are found in eukaryotic organisms? Name each type found in eukaryotes. 2c. (0.25 points) Based on your answers to questions 2a and 2b, why do scientists sometimes describe eukaryotes as being metabolically limited? 3a. (0.5 pts) In your own words, define the term “microbiome.” 3b. (0.5 pts) Based on the presentations from lab, briefly discuss two ways in which the microbiome can impact humans (these should be from other group’s presentations): 1) 2)

Name: ______________________________ Section/ TA: _______________ Points: ________ /5 3c. EXAM PREP QUESTION (0.5 pts) All eukaryotes have an associated microbiome, often including mutualistic associations that are critical for normal function. Why are these associations so common in eukaryotes? Consider question 2 in your answer. a. Eukaryotic cells can hold bacteria internally in their specialized cells. b. Eukaryotes have limited metabolic types and their bacterial microbiomes provide them with expanded metabolic capacities. c. Eukaryotes have limited metabolic types and cannot access energy without their bacterial microbiomes. d. Microbes rely on eukaryotes for their habitat. A patient comes into your clinic displaying symptoms consistent with severe food poisoning. You examine a stool sample under the microscope and discover large amounts of unknown bacteria A. These bacteria have similar morphology to E. coli , shown at right. 4. (0.5 pts) Based on this morphological similarity alone, would you be justified in concluding that the unknown bacteria is E. coli or a close relative? Why or why not? (be sure to refer to specific evolutionary processes in your answer). You then conduct a PCR reaction on DNA extracted from bacteria A to test for the presence of the STX-1 gene, which codes for the shiga toxin in some strains of pathogenic E. coli . The test comes back positive for the STX-1 gene. 5. (0.25 points) If bacteria A is actually a strain of E. coli , what is the most likely genetic mechanism by which it acquired the STX-1 gene? Hint: review station D 6. (0.25 points) If bacteria A is NOT closely related to E. coli , what is the most likely genetic mechanism by which it acquired the STX-1 gene? Hint: review station D 7. (0.5 points) Your lab mate suggests that sequencing the 16s ribosome gene from bacteria A might be a better approach for identifying the bacteria. After you obtain the sequence, what would you need to do in order to complete the identification? Hint: look back over the pre-lab.

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