BIOL1090 W24 Paraphrasing Assignment Instructions-

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University of Guelph *

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1090

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Biology

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Feb 20, 2024

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BIOL*1090 W24 Paraphrasing Assignment Instructions: 5% of final grade The goal of this assignment is to provide you with the ability to comprehend and appropriately paraphrase information found within scientific literature. The learning outcomes of this assessment: 1. Being able to read and understand content from scientific literature 2. Understanding what the important/take away points are from segments of scientific literature 3. Learning how to paraphrase appropriately. What constitutes good paraphrasing vs. bad 4. Learning how to apply these skills when writing your interdisciplinary writing assignment 5. Learning how to appropriately use AI tools using provided guidelines The written assessments in this course are designed to follow a scaffolding/project management approach and are not separate/disconnected. Achieving these learning outcomes will directly affect your ability to complete and do well on the Interdisciplinary Scientific Literature Writing Assignment worth 10% of your final grade. Assignment Objective: Each segment of provided text and associated questions below are worth 5 marks each x 5 segments = 25 marks total For each segment you will need to: 1. Use generative AI (artificial intelligence) tool (such as ChatGTP) to paraphrase each provided segment of text from original source. : 1 mark 2. What are the 3 main points the author of the selected literature is trying to convey in the provided text?: 3 marks 3. Did the AI tool generated paraphrased content accurately cover all essential information? Why or why not? 1 mark

Appropriate use of generative AI for this assignment: *Always refer to this table for each assessment to ensure academic integrity is maintained* AI Tool Used: Appropriate Usage: Did you change output? ChatGTP Research *not required for this assessment Understanding *not required for this assessment Generating content *not required for this assessment Note about the use of AI : Accuracy: Generative AI may invent both facts and sources for those facts. Verification is your responsibility, whether the source of the error is you or the AI makes no difference. You need to check the facts, the quotes, the arguments, and the logic, and document what you did to validate your material. Attribution: All ideas that are not originally your own have a source and that source must be attributed. You must include the AI attribution page to document AI usage (including an AI statement and attribution table). Please be aware that generative AI tends to invent sources.

Assignment Instructions: 25 marks total Journal Article used : Lee, E. and Lee J-E. Impact of drinking alcohol on gut microbiota: recent perspectives on ethanol and alcoholic beverage. Cur. Opin. Food Sci . (2001). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cofs.2020.10.001 1. /5 marks “Perspective of alcohol-associated disease development is shifting, from the traditional aspect of direct tissue damage by alcohol and its metabolites, to gut microbe involvement. It has been shown that alcohol not only changes the gut environment, but also modulates the composition of gut microbiota and is associated in the development of alcohol associated diseases. Alcohol is consumed in the form of ethanol in alcoholic beverages. However, literature is limited on the effects of alcoholic beverages on gut microbiota and alcohol-induced injury.” a) Use generative AI (artificial intelligence) tool (such as ChatGTP) to provide a paraphrased output for each segment of text given. - 1 mark The perspective on alcohol-related disease development is evolving, moving away from the traditional notion of alcohol and its metabolites directly damaging tissues to considering the involvement of gut microbes. Research indicates that alcohol not only alters the gut environment but also influences the composition of gut microbiota, contributing to the development of alcohol-related diseases. While alcohol is typically consumed as ethanol in alcoholic beverages, there's limited literature exploring the effects of these beverages on gut microbiota and alcohol-induced damage. b) List the 3 main points the author(s) of the selected literature is trying to convey in the provided text? (be concise): 3 marks • Alcohol consumption, in the form of ethanol found in alcoholic beverages, affects the gut environment and impacts microbiota • There is a lack of literature exploring the effects of different alcoholic beverages on gut microbiota • Understanding alcohol-related diseases is shifting towards the involvement of microbiota rather than focusing on tissue damage

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c) Evaluate the AI tool generated paraphrased content. Did the AI tool output accurately cover all essential information? Was the generated output efficiently paraphrased? Why or why not? 1 mark The AI tool accurately covered all the essential information. It was efficiently paraphrased, as it kept the original text’s main points while rephrasing it in a new way. As well as the key ideas in different wording. 2. /5 marks “It was known that microbes living in the gut were associated with the risk of intestinal diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, and colorectal cancer. Since the first commercialization of the next-generation sequencing (NGS) assay in 2004 research on the gut microbes have been actively conducted regarding all the microorganisms in an environment, that is, microbiota, and microbiome which designate the collection of their genomes. The analysis gut microbiota had led to new findings that it is also linked to obesity, cardiovascular diseases, nonalcoholic fatty liver, and neuro- psychiatric diseases, which emphasize its importance in human health” a) Use generative AI (artificial intelligence) tool (such as ChatGTP) to provide a paraphrased output for each segment of text given. - 1 mark The association between gut microbes and intestinal diseases like inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, and colorectal cancer has been recognized. Since the introduction of next-generation sequencing (NGS) assays in 2004, research on gut microbes, collectively referred to as microbiota, and their genomes, known as the microbiome, has intensified. This research has revealed connections between gut microbiota and conditions such as obesity, cardiovascular diseases, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and neuro-psychiatric disorders, underscoring their significance in human health. b) List the 3 main points the author(s) of the selected literature is trying to convey in the provided text? (be concise): 3 marks • The association between gut microbes being linked to various intestinal diseases, such as irritable bowel syndrome and colorectal cancer • In 2004, new research on gut microbes has expanded to include microbiota and microbiome • The new research has revealed associations between gut microbiota and conditions like obesity, cardiovascular diseases and more linking to human health

c) Evaluate the AI tool generated paraphrased content. Did the AI tool output accurately cover all essential information? Was the generated output efficiently paraphrased? Why or why not? 1 mark The AI tool effectively summarized all the important details. It re-worded the original text while maintaining the main points. The main points were conveyed in different manners, keeping the key information but changing to simpler wording. 3. /5 marks “Alcoholic beverages are made from raw materials grains, fruits, and other sources of monosaccharides and polysaccharides through fermentation (brewing) and post- fermentation processes (filtration, distillation, mixing, and sterilization, among others.). Through these processes, various microorganisms and their metabolites are included in alcoholic beverages. Studies have shown consumption of alcoholic beverages may affect gut microbiota depending on the alcoholic beverages. Red wine, which has been most frequently studied for its beneficial effects on health, showed increased abundance of Prevotella, Bifidobacterium, Bacteroides uniformis , and Enterococcus during chronic consumption.” a) Use generative AI (artificial intelligence) tool (such as ChatGTP) to provide a paraphrased output for each segment of text given. - 1 mark Alcoholic drinks are produced by fermenting raw materials like grains, fruits, and other sources of sugars, followed by various post-fermentation processes such as filtration, distillation, and sterilization. These processes introduce different microorganisms and their byproducts into the beverages. Research indicates that consuming alcoholic drinks can impact gut microbiota, with effects varying depending on the type of beverage. For instance, red wine, which has been extensively studied for its potential health benefits, has been associated with an increase in the abundance of certain bacteria like Prevotella, Bifidobacterium, Bacteroides uniformis, and Enterococcus during regular consumption. b) List the 3 main points the author(s) of the selected literature is trying to convey in the provided text? (be concise): 3 marks • Alcoholic beverages are made from grains, fruits and other sources of sugars through fermentation and post-fermentation processes • The processes begin with various microorganisms and their by-products in alcoholic drinks • The consumption of alcoholic beverages can impact gut microbiota, which then causes effects based on the type of drink

c) Evaluate the AI tool generated paraphrased content. Did the AI tool output accurately cover all essential information? Was the generated output efficiently paraphrased? Why or why not? 1 mark The AI tool took the complex information and kept the main points while wording them in a more understanding way. The AI didn’t keep all the scientific wording but turned it into simplified explanations. The generated output was efficiently paraphrased for a more general audience. 4. /5 marks “Alcohol abuse is an important risk factor for many health and social problems and a leading cause of global disease. Alcohol is absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), transferred to the liver and lungs where it is metabolized. In this process, ethanol and its metabolites cause health complications including direct toxicity, oxidative stress, and accumulation of fatty acid ethyl esters [ 1 ]. Acetaldehyde is a toxic substance, and it was considered a major onset factor of diseases induced by alcohol intake [ 2 ]. Recently, another possibility has been raised that gut microbiota altered by alcohol intake is involved in developing alcohol-associated diseases, and that these diseases can be alleviated through recovery of changes in the composition of gut microbes caused by alcohol.” a) Use generative AI (artificial intelligence) tool (such as ChatGTP) to provide a paraphrased output for each segment of text given. - 1 mark Alcohol misuse poses significant risks to both health and society, being a major contributor to global disease burden. After absorption in the gastrointestinal tract, alcohol is metabolized in the liver and lungs, leading to various health complications such as direct toxicity, oxidative stress, and the accumulation of harmful substances like fatty acid ethyl esters. Acetaldehyde, a toxic byproduct of alcohol metabolism, has long been recognized as a key factor in alcohol-related diseases. However, emerging research suggests that changes in gut microbiota induced by alcohol consumption may also play a role in the development of these diseases, and reversing these microbial changes could potentially alleviate alcohol- associated health issues. b) List the 3 main points the author(s) of the selected literature is trying to convey in the provided text? (be concise): 3 marks • Alcohol is absorbed in the digestive system and processed in the liver and lungs, causing health issues • Alcohol is a significant risk factor for various health and social problems • The changes in gut microbiota due to alcohol consumption may contribute to alcohol-related diseases

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c) Evaluate the AI tool generated paraphrased content. Did the AI tool output accurately cover all essential information? Was the generated output efficiently paraphrased? Why or why not? 1 mark The AI tool-generated paraphrased content was accurate as it accurately covered all the main information in the original text. The AI efficiently paraphrased as it maintained clarity and key information. 5. /5 marks “It has continuously been proved that alcohol-associated diseases can be controlled by gut microbiota, and it can be considered a ‘hidden organ’ with essential functions in host homeostasis [ 50 ]. To use gut microbiota beneficially for human health mediated by alcohol, our understanding should be increased by conducting further integrated studies. Still, it is plausible that gut microbiota will be a treatment and preventive agent used for alcoholic diseases.” a) Use generative AI (artificial intelligence) tool (such as ChatGTP) to provide a paraphrased output for each segment of text given. - 1 mark The continuous evidence suggests that gut microbiota can regulate alcohol-related diseases and should be regarded as a vital organ contributing to host balance. Increasing our comprehension through comprehensive research is necessary to harness the beneficial aspects of gut microbiota in managing alcohol-related health issues. It's feasible that gut microbiota could become a therapeutic and preventative tool for alcohol-induced diseases. b) List the 3 main points the author(s) of the selected literature is trying to convey in the provided text? (be concise): 3 marks • There is a need for further studies to enhance understanding of how gut microbiota can be beneficial for human health in the context of alcohol consumption • Gut microbiota has the potential to be a treatment and preventative tool in alcoholic diseases, suggesting future research and development • Alcohol-related diseases can be influenced by microbiota, which is crucial in host balance c) Evaluate the AI tool generated paraphrased content. Did the AI tool output accurately cover all essential information? Was the generated output efficiently paraphrased? Why or why not? 1 mark The AI technology successfully obtained all the important facts while efficiently summarizing the main points of the original text, presenting the key concepts differently. The AI effectively didn’t do any repetition and didn’t leave anything that wasn’t paraphrased.

References: AI Tool Used: Appropriate Usage: Did you change output? ChatGTP Research *not required for this assessment Understanding *not required for this assessment Generating content *not required for this assessment

BIOL1090 W24 Paraphrasing Assignment Instructions-

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