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Ravyn Lewis Biol 2251L 10/27/23 Glycerinated Muscle Prep

Introduction: Muscle contraction is an essential part of life as it is how we move our bodies daily. According to Web MD muscle contraction is the tightening, shortening or lengthening of muscles when you perform an activity. When you perform an activity, you are using the muscles in your body to do the action. These muscles will contract to be able to perform the movement followed by the muscle relaxing to return to its normal state. Muscle contraction involves four steps before contraction occurs: depolarization, repolarization, action potential and a refractory period. Muscle contraction also involves the process of actin and myosin filaments sliding past each other causing the shortening of the muscle. The objective of this lab is to understand the concept of muscle contraction. Another objective is to observe the effects of certain solutions on muscle fibers and understand why they react the way they do. I hypothesize that the muscle fiber containing only ATP will contract the most. Muscle fibers containing salt only and salt and ATP will contract the least. Materials & Methods: For this experiment, there were multiple materials used to be able to execute the lab properly. Before beginning the experiment, gloves were obtained and worn to prohibit the natural salts from our hands interfering with the experiment. Paper towels were used to clean off the designated lab bench to prevent any kind of contamination or interference. A dissecting microscope was acquired as it would be needed to analyze the muscle fibers. Three glass

microscope slides and a metric ruler were obtained as the slides would be used to hold the fibers in place while the metric ruler would be used to obtain the measurement of the fiber as it contracted or got excited. Glass needles were used to separate the large pieces of muscles fibers into potentially three smaller sections of fibers. The goal was to have individual fibers as this would make it more clear to the person analyzing the fibers to see the change in them. Finally, the glycerinated muscle that were placed in small plastic dishes and three solutions (Salts, ATP, ATP and Salts) were obtained from the lab instructor. Glycerol was also obtained. Following the access of the materials, the lab is now able to be conducted. First the dissecting scope was turned on so that it would be ready for use when the time came for it to be used. Then, the glass needles were used to separate the muscle fibers as small as possible. After they were separated, a very small amount of glycerol was placed on the muscle fibers to ensure that they don’t dry out. These separated fibers would be labeled as A, B and C. Next, the fibers would each be measured for their starting lengths as this would be the used for comparison after each fiber has been given a solution. After each fiber has been measured under the dissecting scope, they would then each b given a solution. Fiber A would be given salts and ATP, fiber B would be given ATP only and fiber C would be given salts only. After each muscle fiber has been given a solution, they are each measured after about 30-45 seconds. When the final length is obtained it is subtracted from the initial length to be given a net change. This process is performed three times for each muscle fiber containing the different solution. Data is recorded for each interval performed. Results:

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As the experiment came to a completion, the results conclude that the only time that the muscle fiber contracted was when it was given a mixed solution of salts and ATP. Fiber 1 started at an initial length of 15mm and ended at a length of 13mm, resulting in a 13% contraction. Fiber 2 started at a length of 8mm and ended at a length of 6mm, leaving the percent contraction at 25%. Lastly, fiber 3 had an initial length of 12mm and shrunk to an ending length of 10mm, subsequently causing a 16% contraction. Slide B which contained ATP only did not contract throughout the three trials meaning that they did not have a reaction to the solution. Slide C, which contained salts only, also did not contract. Table 1: Activity 1: Observations of Muscle Fiber Contraction Muscle fiber 1 Muscle fiber 2 Muscle fiber 3 Average Salts & ATP (A) Initial length 15mm 8mm 12mm 11.7mm Ending length 13mm 6mm 10mm 9.7mm % Contraction 13% 25% 16% 18% ATP only (B) Initial length 10mm 4mm 6mm 6.7mm Ending length 10mm 4mm 6mm 6.7mm % Contraction 0% 0% 0% 0% Salts only Initial length 16mm 9mm 10mm 11.7mm Ending length 16mm 9mm 10mm 11.7mm % Contraction 0% 0% 0% 0% Discussion: After completing the experiment and analyzing the data, I was able to conclude that my hypothesis was not supported by the data. My hypothesis stated that the muscle fibers that contained ATP only would be the ones to contract the most, however they did not contract at all.

Based on table 1, it shows that not only did the ATP not cause the muscle fibers to contract but also that salt did not cause it to contract. The salt and ATP mixture was the only solution to cause a reaction in the muscle fiber. From the results, we can see that ATP helped to cause muscle contraction in a way that it provided energy to initiate the process of muscle contraction. The presence of salt helped in a way that it helped to balance out the amount of ATP that was present. If the salt were not present and ATP acted alone, as we see in the results of the experiment, it would not cause a change. Clinical Application: In conclusion the objective of the experiment was to demonstrate how much muscles contract based upon what they may interact with and how it looks, in which the objective was met. I can better understand the process of muscle contraction and what it looks like. This lab related to many processes within the human body. This experiment is a visualization of how our muscles undergo these different processes and how something such as salt or ATP, etc. can affect the way that our muscles move. A real-world example of muscle contraction would be a person who exercises performing a sit-up. The muscles in the abdomen are contracting as the individual pulls himself up each time and then proceed to stretch back out as the individual goes to lay back down to start again. This lab helps to better understand real world examples like these so that we can get an idea of the muscle processes that occur throughout the body and that occur throughout our daily routines whether we are conscience about it or not. Having knowledge on muscle contraction can help with understanding and predicting the movements of the body.

Literatures Cited WebMD. (n.d.). Muscle contractions: What are they and how do they work? . WebMD. https://www.webmd.com/fitness-exercise/types-of-muscle-contractions Libre texts. (2022, May 7). 15.4: Muscle contraction . Biology Libre Texts. https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Human_Biology/Human_Biology_(Wakim_and_Gre wal)/15%3A_Muscular_System/15.4%3A_Muscle_Contraction#:~:text=Sliding %20Filament%20Theory%20of%20Muscle%20Contraction,-Once%20the %20muscle&text=The%20actin%20filaments%20are%20attached,this%20occurs%2C %20the%20muscle%20contracts. Marieb, E. N., Smith, L. A., & Zao, P. Z. (2019). Human Anatomy & Physiology Laboratory Manual: Fetal pig version . Pearson.

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