BIOS251+W4+Lab+Instructions.docx

Week 4 Lab Instructions Histology Activity Deliverable Points Part A Activity- Lab Worksheet: Histology 20 Part B Completed Histology Tables 10 References: 1. Saladin Anatomy & Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function Part A Step 1: Read the Entire Lab Packet 1.0 – Read through the laboratory packet – SEE ATTACHED SHEETS Part A Step 2: Come to the Lab with Proper PPE BACKGROUND: Primary tissue types are epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous. Specific tissue types are the subcategories of the primary types. When identifying a specific tissue type, use the full name of the tissue, e.g. simple columnar epithelial tissue, not just simple columnar. Primary Tissue Type: Epithelial Characteristics : cellular, polar, avascular, regenerative Function : protection, absorption, secretion, sensation Location : covers all internal and external surfaces, openings, passageways Classification : a. # of layers- one layer = "simple"; multiple layers = "stratified" b. shape of cells: squamous (flat – cells much wider than they are tall), cuboidal (cube shaped – cells approx. the same height as width), and columnar (column shaped – cells taller than they are wide). Primary Tissue Type: Connective Characteristics : composed of specialized cells embedded within a non-living matrix. Matrix is a combination of ground substance and protein fibers. Ground substance is a mixture of interstitial fluid, cell adhesion proteins, and proteoglycans. Protein fibers include collagen, elastin, and reticulin. Function : structural framework, protection, support, energy storage, immunity Classification : based on cell types present, composition of ground substance, and types of protein fibers present BIOS251 Week 4 Lab Instructions Page 1 of 14

Primary: Muscle Characteristics: Relatively long, slender cells containing contractile protein actin and myosin. Muscle is both excitable and contractile. Function: Movement of both skeletal elements and of material within hollow organs. Classification: Three types. Specific: A. Skeletal Muscle - long, multinucleate cells w/ obvious striations found in all skeletal muscles to provide voluntary movement. Nuclei are flattened against the edge of the cell. Specific: B. Smooth Muscle - spindle shaped w/ single, central nucleus. Found in walls of all body organs, blood vessels, etc, and function to propel substances along internal passageways; involuntary. Specific: C. Cardiac Muscle - Appears striated. However, cells are branched and uninucleate. Found only in the heart. Contains intercalated disc (cell junctions between cells). Primary: Nervous Characteristics: Composed of two broad categories of cells; neurons and glia (neuroglia). Neurons are the functional cells of the nervous system. Excitable. Glia are the supporting cells of the nervous system, with a variety of functions. Function: Provides integration and communication between body systems on a relatively fast, short time scale. Location: Found in the brain, spinal cord, and some collections of cell bodies (ganglia) in the periphery. Specific: A. Nervous - Ox Spinal Cord, motor nerve. Note the large triangular neuronal cell bodies with many protections. Most of the material visible consists of these entangled projections. Smaller purple stained dots are the nuclei of glial cells. PURPOSE: In this lab, you will be asked to identify some of the different tissue types of the body using a microscope. You will be asked to demonstrate locations and functions of the different types. MATERIALS: You will also need to print off a copy of this lab directions and worksheet to complete while you are working on the lab. ● A copy of the lab report for each member of your group ● A writing utensil ● Microscope ● Preserved slides of tissues: histology slide set PREPARATION: ● Read your lab in its entirety before coming to class. ● Clear your workstation of all unnecessary materials. Book bags and or purses should be hung on hooks or places at the front of class. Make sure all other unnecessary materials (coats, drink containers, unused textbooks, etc.) are all stored and placed in a safe area out of the way. ● Obtain all materials listed above. ● Familiarize yourself with your lab materials. ● Follow the directions of the packet and as presented by your instructor. BIOS251 Week 4 Lab Instructions Page 2 of 14

OBSERVATION REPORT: W4 Lab Worksheet Histology Observation of different tissues of the body (20 pts) 1. Obtain the preserved slide of tissue. Your instructor will you a list of tissues to be observed and prepared slides. 2. Observe the slide under 10X, and 40X objective lenses. 3. Sketch and describe your observations made using 10X and 40X lenses. Make sure to note as many details as possible. (Please note that your ability to do artwork is not being graded, but the effort made to draw and describe in detail is being graded). 4. Repeat the steps for another slide of a tissue. Observation: Simple Squamous Epithelium 40X 100X 10 X 40 X BIOS251 Week 4 Lab Instructions Page 4 of 14

Observation: Stratified Squamous Epithelium 10 X 40 X Observation: Simple Cuboidal Epithelium 10 X 40 X BIOS251 Week 4 Lab Instructions Page 5 of 14

Observation: Transitional Epithelium 10 X 40 X Observation: Areolar CT 10 X 40 X BIOS251 Week 4 Lab Instructions Page 7 of 14

Observation: Adipose CT 10 X 40 X Observation: Hyaline Cartilage 10 X 40 X BIOS251 Week 4 Lab Instructions Page 8 of 14

Observation: Skeletal Muscle 10 X 40 X Observation: Smooth Muscle 10 X 40 X BIOS251 Week 4 Lab Instructions Page 10 of 14

Observation: Cardiac Muscle 10 X 40 X Observation: Nervous Tissue 10 X 40 X BIOS251 Week 4 Lab Instructions Page 11 of 14

1. Loose Connective Tissue Protein fibers less densely organized under epidermis of the skin. Areolar (fascia) CT connective tissue found in the body. it provides support, protects organs, muscles and other tissues. Lamina propria of mucus membranes Wraps and cushions most organs adipose tissue they provide energy storage, insulation from extreme temps. and cushion soft organs. Hypodermis Abdomen Breasts Reticular CT Contains primarily lymphocytes, mast cells, and stem cells. Protein fibers dominated by reticulin, a highly branched support structure. bone marrow, lymph nodes, kidney, liver, spleen. 2. Dense Connective Tissue Protein fibers arrange in dense fibers tendons, ligaments, respiratory trach, blood vessel walls. Dense Regular CT Cell population dominated by fibroblasts. Protein fibers dominated by collagen arranged in long parallel bundles. Supplies great strength when force is applied along a single axis. tendons, ligaments, respiratory trach, blood vessel walls. dense irregular Cell population dominated by fibroblasts. Protein fibers dominated by collagen arranged in many small bundles oriented in many directions. Supplies strength and elasticity when force is applied in many different directions. Dermis (of skin) Submucosa of GI tract Joint capusles Capsules of many organs (kidney, etc.) Periosteum 3. Supporting Connective Tissue to provide strength and support for the body to protect soft tissues. liver, spleen. Cartilage Chondrocytes housed in small openings (lacunae) within a rubbery matrix of polysaccharide (chondroitin sulfate) and proteoglycans. Completely avascular any place in body, where 2 bones meet. hyaline cartilage Cushioning, support, reinforcement. Matrix relatively even and smooth. Ends of long bones Ribs Trachea Elastic Cartilage supports parts of your body that need to bend or move to function. Ear Epiglottis Pharyngotympanic tube Fibrous Cartilage More collagen fibers for high tensile strength and shock absorption. Matrix contains many parallel collagen fibers. the meniscus in your knee, disks in your vertebrate. supporting muscles,and tendons, and ligaments. BIOS251 Week 4 Lab Instructions Page 13 of 14

Fluid Connective Tissue maintain fluid levels, transport substances,and participate in immune response. in fluid extracellular matrix. endothelial Red and white blood cells found within a fluid matrix containing primarily albumin protein. Within blood vessels simple squamous Lymphocytes found within a fluid matrix containing small amounts of dissolved protein. Within lymphatic vessels Specific Tissue Characteristics and function Location Skeletal Muscle help perform daily activities, maintain posture and balance. all over the body attached to bones and tendons. visceral smooth muscle. They all help maintain homeostasis in each of their systems. and they help with contacting and relax cycles. Walls of blood vessels Viscera of digestive organs Iris of eye Involuntary sphincters- ( urethra and anus ) Cardiac Muscle thick layer around the heart, and is responsible for contracting the heart and pumping. heart Specific Tissue: Characteristics and function Location Nervous Specialized for communication through use of electrical and chemical signals. Consists of neurons, the main cell type, and neuroglial cells, which support the neuron. brain, spinal cord, and nerves. **LAB REPORT IS DUE PRIOR TO THE DUE DATE AS ASSIGNED BY YOUR PROFESSOR BIOS251 Week 4 Lab Instructions Page 14 of 14