Immune system 3

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Biology

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Feb 20, 2024

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Lymphatic System: Lymphatic Organs 1. Primary lymphoid organs, where B and T cells originate and mature, are the bone marrow and thymus. Fill in the following: Both B and T cells originate from ___ stem cells in bone marrow ___________. The B cells mature in the ___ bone marrow ___________. The T cells mature in the ___ thymus ___________. (Hint: This is how they came to be called B and T cells.) 2. Secondary lymphoid organs, where lymphocytes become activated, include the following structures: a.______lymph nodes___________________ b._______spleen__________________ c._______peyer’s patches__________________ d._________Appendix________________ e._______Tonsils__________________ 3. The lymph is filtered through the _ lymph__nodes __, where antigens and pathogens are removed and the immune system can be activated. 4. Name two functions of the lymph nodes: 1._____ Filter the lymph by removing antigens and debris___________________ 2.______Provide site for the activation of B and T cells by antigens._____ 5. While ____ afferent ____ lymphatic vessels carry lymph from the tissues to the lymph nodes, ___ efferent ______ vessels carry cleansed lymph away from the lymph nodes. 6. __ B __ cells are found in the germinal centers of the lymphoid follicles, and __ T __ cells wander through the deep ____ cortex __________, searching dendritic cells for their special antigen.

7. The ___ spleen _______ cleanses the blood like the lymph nodes cleanse the lymph. 8. Functions of the spleen include: -___Removes pathogens aged erythrocytes and platelets from the blood__________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ -___Stores platelets and breakdown products of erythrocytes___________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ -_____Site for activation of the lymphocytes with antigens____________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 9. Collections of secondary lymphoid tissue (called _____ MALT _________ for short) are distributed throughout the mucosal surfaces of the digestive, respiratory, and genitourinary system. Aside from the diffuse cells in respiratory and other mucosa, this includes the following specific structures: a.____ Tonsils _____________________ (protection of oral and nasal cavities) b.______ Appendix ___________________ (first part of the large intestine) c.______ Peyers patches of the small intestine ___________________ (distal portion of the small intestine) 10. The _____ Thymus _________, a primary lymphoid organ, is the site for differentiation of lymphocytes into mature T cells. What happens to this organ as we age? Function decreases with size relative to the body. Thymic epithelial cells are almost entirely replaced by fat cells and fibrous connective tissue, Thymic atrophy.

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