Week 11 Basic Clinical COVID Homework

COVID-19 ICRS Worksheet Number One Epidemiology, Modes of Transmission, and Protecting Yourself with PPE Link for the ICRS Connections Catalog https://catalog.icrsncsbn.org/

1. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by what new coronavirus? ● SARS-CoV-2 2. What are three other COVID diseases? ● The common cold ● Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) ● Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) 3. Define the following Epidemiology Terms: ● Endemic: Consistent presence of a disease or infectious agent. ● Sporadic: A disease that occurs infrequently and irregularly. ● Outbreak: An unexpected sudden increase of disease cases in a limited populated area. ● Epidemic: An unexpected sudden increase of disease cases in a crowded populated area. ● Pandemic: An epidemic that has spread over to several different countries/continents, affecting a large number of people. 4. What is the Reproductive Ratio (R 0 )? ● An epidemiologic metric used to describe the contagiousness or transmissibility of an infectious agent(s). It is determined by many biological, sociobehavioral, and environmental factors that control the pathogen transmission. 5. True or False : The lower the R 0 , the more quickly the disease will spread . 6. What is herd immunity? ● When a large portion of a community becomes immune to a disease, ultimately making it impossible for the disease to spread from individual to individual. 7. What is the primary way COVID-19 is spread? ● Respiratory droplets 8. What is sentinel case reporting? ● A clinician notices an unusual or significant case and reports it. 9. Data collection and analysis are used in an outbreak investigation. ● What are the nine steps involved in an outbreak investigation process? - Prepare for fieldwork - Confirm the outbreak exists - Verify the diagnosis - Develop a case definition - Identify and record cases - Perform descriptive epidemiology

- 14. According to these CDC considerations, what work restrictions should the HCP take if they are showing no symptoms? ● Refrain from going to work, self-quarantine, monitor for any symptoms within those 14 days, and get tested. Here is the link to keep track of updated CDC recommendations: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/guidance-risk-assesment-hcp.html 15. What is the difference between quarantine and isolation? - Quarantine : Separation and restricted movement of people who were exposed to a contagious disease to see if they become sick. - Isolation : Separation of sick people with a contagious disease from people who are not sick. 16. True or False: Wear your mask so that the fit is “almost uncomfortably snug”? 17. What six things can you do to protect yourself and others? - Maintain meticulous hand hygiene - Take breaks and rest periods as needed - Look out for the emotional health of your colleague’s - Assess and take care of your own physical and emotional health - Utilize personal protective equipment with proper use and disposal - Avoid touching face 18. Yes or No: Can COVID-19 virus be shed in stool? 19. What four key points did Dr. Christopher Friese discuss concerning homemade facial coverings? - They are intended for public use to reduce droplet spread - They are not PPE for health care workers - They are concerns regarding moisture retention and pathogen transmission - They must be laundered with detergent and hot water

20. In his conclusion what four things did Dr. Friese’s say you can do to help you prepare to be an effective responder during and infectious disease event? - Understanding the pathogen - Modes of transmission - Chain of infection - How to protect yourself 21. Describe the steps of effective donning of PPE presented in the video ● Gown : Fully cover torso from neck to knees, arms, end of wrists and wrap around the back and fasten in the back of neck and waist. ● Mask or Respirator : Secure ties or elastic bands at middle of head and neck, fit flexible band to nose bridge, fit snug to face and below chin and fit check respirator. ● Goggles or Face Shield : Place over face and eyes and adjust fit. ● Gloves : Extend to cover wrist of isolation gown. 22. Describe the steps of effective doffing of PPE presented in the video Before leaving patient’s room 1. What are the two ways to remove gloves? a. Pinch outside of the glove (top of palm) with the dominant hand and pull the glove off. b. Use the finger of the ungloved hand to go under the cuff on the non- dominant hand and carefully peel off 2. Gown: F ront of the gown is contaminated. Unfasten the ties making sure the sleeves don’t contact your body, pull the gown away from the neck and shoulders, touching only the inside . T urn it inside out and fold or roll into a bundle and discard in a waste container. After Leaving the patient’s room 1. G own 2. G loves 3. G oggles /F ace shield 4. M ask

- This is vested by whom? The President ● Which article determines what laws mean? Judicial - Where is this vested? The Supreme Court 3. Define Federalism. ● Type of government in which the power is divided between the national government and other governmental units . 4. Given our structure of government, most emergency response initially falls upon what authority? ● Federalism The federal government, however, can leverage specific federal authorities to allocate and coordinate response particularly in regard to increasing surge capacity and capability. 5. What is the name of the act that was activated by President Trump on March 18, 2020 that gives the federal government broad authority to direct private companies to meet the needs of the national defense – in this case to manufacture ventilators and supplies needed for personal protection. ● The Defense Production act Did you know that the American Nurses Association, the American Medical Association, and the American Hospital Association called upon the President to use this act immediately! 6. On what day did Secretary Alex M. Azar II declare a national public health emergency for the entire United States to aid the nation’s healthcare community in responding to 2019 novel coronavirus? ● January 31,2020 7. Explain the authority known as “police powers” under the US constitution and principles of federalism. ● States have the authority to protect the health, safety and welfare of their citizens, which is the capacity of the state to regulate behavior and enforce order within their territory for the betterment of the health, safety, morals and general welfare of their residents. 8. State three (3) important reasons for a state to make an official emergency declaration? Triggers State Emergency laws & Federal Support Initiates actions by the state’s emergency response team

Provides guidance for the coordination emergency services In regards to the constitutionality of current government actions it is important to recognize that the government CAN infringe on a person’s individual rights if there is a compelling interest and the government’s action is narrowly tailored or represents the least restrictive way of accomplishing its objective. At present containment and mitigation of the novel coronavirus is a compelling interest. 9. During the present emergency crisis, a pandemic, where health care providers are likely to face significantly heightened risk of becoming infected raises what are two (2) especially important legal questions for nurses presented in this video? Can a nurse be compelled to work or care for patients with COVID-19 Can a nurse face liability when patients experience suboptimal outcomes, including injury and death. 10. What contract does public policy suggest that licensed health care professionals such as nurses, doctors, psychologists, and so forth, have a professional duty that results from their choice of profession? - The Social Contract This risk is not exclusive to health care workers. Risks are shared throughout society from law enforcement to those who stock our grocery shelves and meet our essential needs. 11. Yes or No : While the American Nurses Association Code of Ethics which states that nurses have an ethical duty to care for themselves as well as their patients does this provide a legal reason for a nurse to refuse care? 12. Yes or No: If a nurse breaches a contract to provide care, can damages be sought against them? 13. Adoption of Crisis Standards of Care requires what shift in thinking?