Neuroendocrinology_STUDENT

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University of Southern California *

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4440

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Biology

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Feb 20, 2024

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Recitation #5: Neuroendocrinology Name: _________ ___ __________ 1. Match the following terms to the appropriate box in the diagram below. anterior pituitary median eminence mammillary body pars tuberalis pars distalis posterior pituitary infundibulum optic chiasm pars intermedia pars nervosa 2. What is the most correct route of transport of hypophysiotropic hormones from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary? a. Hypothalamus --> infundibulum --> adenohypophysis b. Hypothalamus --> infundibulum --> portal system --> adenohypophysis c. Hypothalamus --> median eminence --> adenohypophysis d. Hypothalamus --> median eminence --> portal system --> adenohypophysis e. Hypothalamus --> portal system --> general circulation --> adenohypophysis f. Hypothalamus --> portal system --> median eminence --> adenohypophysis 3. Fill in the following table regarding the characteristics of the pituitary gland. Anterior Pituitary Posterior Pituitary Overall size (small, large) large small Neuronal innervation (magnocellular neurons, parvocellular neurons) parvocellular magnocellular Anatomy (subdivisions) Pars tuberalis infundibulum Pars intermedia Pars nervosa Pars Distalis Pars Intermedia Pars Tuberalis Anterior Pituitary Para Nervosa Posterior Pituitary Median Eminence Infundibulum Optic Chiasm Mammillary Body

Pars distalis neural Type of tissue (glandular, neural) grandular Arterial from inferior hypophysial artery Source of blood supply (arterial or venous blood from ____ ) Venous from median eminence vasopressin Hormones synthesized and/or stored prolactin stored ACTH FSH LH oxytocin TSH Growth Hormone Type of bioregulator (neurotransmitter, neurohormone, hormone) Hormone neurohormone Chemical class of hormone (peptide, amine, steroid) Peptide peptide Primary type of feedback (hormonal, non-hormonal) Hormonal except prolactin Non-hormonal For question 4, use the keywords provided to design a concept map (right) of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. Make sure you use every key concept word at least once and try to make as many connections as possible. Linking terms are short phrases that demonstrate the relationships between/among the given key concepts. If you feel that additional linking terms are needed, you can add them. You may use linking terms more than once. 4. Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) Axis corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH) adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) glucocorticoids (cortisol) long-loop negative feedback 11- 𝛽 hydroxylase (P450 C11 ) paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus pars distalis (anterior pituitary) adrenal cortex (zona fasciculata) short-loop negative feedback steroid hormone parvocellular neurons corticotrophs cells in zona fasciculata maintains size of adrenal cortex peptide hormone CRH receptor melanocortin 2 (MC2) receptor glucocorticoid receptor (GR) stress peptide hormone IPHY 4440 2

stimulates synthesis and release of site of synthesis cellular source chemical class target organ action/function binds to leads to activation of required enzyme IPHY 4440 3

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An important learning goal for Chapter 4 is: Given an endocrine disruption of a feedback system, diagnose whether the disruption is a primary, secondary, or tertiary pathology and predict the physiological outcome . Below is a list of possible endocrine disruptions of the HPA axis. Using your completed concept map as a guide, predict what would happen to the axis in each of the following scenarios and identify the type of pathology. • Hormone production o Increase or decrease CRH production in hypothalamus o Increase or decrease in ACTH production in anterior pituitary o Increase or decrease in cortisol production in adrenal cortex • Receptor activity o Administration of a CRH receptor agonist or antagonist o Administration of a MC 2 receptor agonist or antagonist o Administration of a GR agonist or antagonist • Critical enzyme activity o Increase or decrease in 11- 𝛽 hydroxylase (P450 C11 ) activity in adrenal cortex • Blockage of the hypophyseal portal system NOTE: We will not be posting answer keys to the learning goals or concept maps. The list provided here is a guide to help students develop their own critical thinking skills and achieve the learning goals for themselves . If students need help, they should visit us during office hours. IPHY 4440 4

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