BIOL 1110 Part IV Scientific Literacy Project Infection and Immunity- activity- updated (1)

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Biology

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Feb 20, 2024

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BIOL 1110: Public Health and Viruses Not only is it important for us to stay up-to-date on current events and happenings in the world, it’s equally important that you have the ability to find, research, and understand reliable scientific data. This activity will help you understand more about pandemics, the viruses that cause them, and practice navigating reputable scientific resources to understand their data. Part 1: Background on Pandemics Watch the video “ How pandemics spread ” in class and answer the associated questions: 1. What’s the difference between a pandemic and an epidemic? *While an epidemic is large it is also generally contained or expected in its spread, while a pandemic the spread of disease goes global. 2. Why are pandemics and epidemics a relatively recent phenomenon in human history? Humans when they were hunter gatherers were never in one place long enough for a sustainable transmission of infection microbes. Now with the agricultural revolution people have been living side by side with animals. 3. Which infectious agents have scientists extracted from human remains? Viruses. 4. How do war zones and natural disaster sites become breeding grounds for infectious diseases? Water can become contaminated with microorganisms that cause these infectious diseases. 5. What happens to the flu virus every 20-40 years, and why? A dramatic mutation that changes the flu. 6. What is antigenic shift? A dramatic change to flu virus strains, from the combination of existing strains through cross-species transfers. ex) pig and chicken. Part 2: mRNA Vaccines Watch the video “ How the COVID-19 vaccines were created so quickly ” in class and answer the associated questions: 7. How was the COVID-19 vaccine developed so quickly? The use of mRA vaccines. 8. What is the normal role of mRNA in the body? Encodes the instructions to create proteins. 9. Can the mRNA nanoparticles become part of a person’s DNA? No. 10. What is the COVID-19 protein being encoded by the mRNA inside a nanoparticle? The spike that is no longer infectious.

11. What advantages do mRNA vaccines have over traditional vaccines? Don’t contain any viral particles. Part 3: Data for Viral Diseases I. I nfluenza Visit the following website: https://www.cdc.gov/ . In the navigational menu at the top, click on “Health Topics” and search for “Influenza”. Click “Flu Activity and Surveillance”, then click on the interactive map entitled “Outpatient Illness: ILINet Activity Map” to answer the following questions. Scroll down to view the interactive map. a. On the current US Flu Activity Map, how many states have high levels of Influenza-Like Illness (ILI) activity? 10 States. b. In 2008-2009 (at 34 weeks) flu season, how many states have high levels of Influenza-Like Illness (ILI) activity? Use the Season dropdown menu below the map to change seasons. 7. c. In 2009-2010 flu season look at week 40, 41, 42 and 43. Use the Season dropdown menu below the map to change seasons. Use the weeks scroll bar above the map to choose the week. 3 Weeks. d. Thinking about the data you’ve viewed, why do you think we are seeing some of these changes in flu activity? Flu dramatic changing. II. SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Visit the following website: https://www.cdc.gov/ a. Scroll down to Outbreaks. What are the six most recent U.S.-based outbreaks? ● Cantaloupes – Salmonella Infections ● Peaches, Nectarines, and Plums – Listeria Infections ● Dry Dog Food – Salmonella Infections ● Fresh Diced Onions - Salmonella Infections ● Suspected Fungal Meningitis - Epidural Related Surgeries in Mexico ● Drug-resistant Infections Associated with Artificial Tears Click on the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) banner at the top of the page to answer the following questions. Scroll down to the bottom of this page to view the “Cases and Data” section. a. How many total cases of COVID-19 have there been in the U.S? 98,174,36 cases. b. How many total deaths in the US in the U.S? 1,073,115 deaths. c. How many total vaccines have been administered? 650,810,290 vaccines. Click on the “Total Vaccines Administered” d. Which age group (≥ 12 Years of Age, ≥ 18 Years of Age, or ≥ 65 Years of Age) has the highest percentage of fully vaccinated individuals? people who are older than 65 Years of Age. e. What is the percentage of people in this age group that are fully vaccinated? 95% of this age group are vaccinated.

f. How many people have received a booster dose? 11.5 million booster shots. g. Why are booster doses recommended ? The booster helps people maintain strong protection from severe coronavirus disease. Visit the following website: https://covid19.ncdhhs.gov/dashboard/vaccinations h. Within your group, each member should find the county they are from and record the total number of vaccines with at least one dose. Make comparisons within your group and see if you can come up with possible reasons for similarities or differences. 68%. Navigate here and explore: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/community/health- equity/index.html i. What are two strategies to promote health equity for COVID-19 as you look through the available data and information? Address historical and contemporary injustices and Eliminate preventable health disparities. Part 4: Scientific Literacy: COVID-19 and Vaccine Misinformation and Disinformation Visit the following website: https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/covid-19/health-departments/addressing- vaccine-misinformation.html 1. What is the difference between misinformation and disinformation? Misinformation is false information shared by people who do not intend to mislead others. Disinformation is false information deliberately created and disseminated with malicious intent. 2. Using what you have learned about public health, including vaccines, and viruses, name one claim you have heard about SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, or the vaccine that is false. Provide at least two scientific facts to support your position. Essential oils and other supplements can protect you from the coronavirus or treat COVID-19. Reasons: 1. Quercetin, zinc, or vitamin D and other nutritional supplements cannot prevent or treat coronavirus infection or COVID-19. The same is true of essential oils — they are not effective to prevent coronavirus disease. 2. The best ways to stay safe from COVID-19 are getting vaccinated, wearing a mask (especially in crowded or indoor settings), keeping your hands clean and practicing physical distancing.

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