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BIOL 2301 Practice for Test #1 sals@durhamcollege.ca Page 1 of 8 © Durham College or its licensors (2022) Last Updated: 2022-08-19 SALS Practice Test #1 BIOL 2301 (Biology II for General Arts and Science) Disclaimer: SALS practice tests and exams will give you further general practice to help you prepare for your course assessments. The SALS practice tests and exams may not cover all of the material you are responsible for knowing in your actual tests. The format, style, and content of SALS practice tests and exams may be similar to that of your actual course assessments; however, your course professor did not prepare this material. SALS practice tests and exams should be used in conjunction with other resources, including lecture notes, textbooks, PowerPoints, quizzes, assignments, and test reviews provided by your course professor to help you prepare for your actual assessment. Time: 50 minutes Topics: • The Skeletal System • The Muscular System Instructions: • Multiple Choice (20 marks) • Identification (15 marks) • Short Answer (15 marks)

BIOL 2301 Practice for Test #1 sals@durhamcollege.ca Page 2 of 8 © Durham College or its licensors (2022) Last Updated: 2022-08-19 PART A – MULTIPLE CHOICE (20 MARKS) Circle the answer that is most correct. 1. Which of the following is not part of the appendicular skeleton? a. the vertebral column b. the clavicle c. the patella d. the femur e. the metatarsals 2. Large bone cells that enzymatically break down bone tissue and that play an important role in bone growth, remodeling, and healing are known as _____. a. osteogenic cells b. osteoblasts c. osteocytes d. osteoclasts e. bone-lining cells 3. In compact bone, the matrix is laid down in concentric rings called _____. a. lamellae b. osteons c. canaliculi d. trabeculae e. periosteum 4. Spongy bone develops at the _____ centers. a. bone marrow b. histological zone c. primary ossification d. secondary ossification e. growth plate

BIOL 2301 Practice for Test #1 sals@durhamcollege.ca Page 3 of 8 © Durham College or its licensors (2022) Last Updated: 2022-08-19 5. _____ is the continued erosion and replacement of bone tissue. a. remodeling b. hematoma c. ossification d. deposition e. osteoporosis 6. The knee is an example of a(n) _____. a. immovable joint b. slightly movable joint c. gliding joint d. freely movable, synovial joint e. none of the above 7. Pain in the lower back is associated with which of the following? a. thoracic vertebrae b. cervical vertebrae c. lumbar vertebrae d. sacrum e. coccyx 8. Adequate calcium intake is important for strong bones. What might happen if there is inadequate calcium intake? a. calcium would not be available to deposit during remodelling b. low calcium levels would force the development of more cartilage c. osteocytes would die d. low blood calcium levels would stimulate the activity of osteoblasts e. both c and d are correct 9. Regarding skeletal system function, a. bone often serves as a model for cartilage growth b. tendons connect bone to bone c. blood cells are produced in the marrow of many bones d. cartilage serves as an important mineral storage area e. all of these

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BIOL 2301 Practice for Test #1 sals@durhamcollege.ca Page 4 of 8 © Durham College or its licensors (2022) Last Updated: 2022-08-19 10. The ends of long bones are called _____. a. diaphysis b. epiphyses c. lamellae d. trabeculae e. periosteum 11. Raising your arm to point at something direct to the left of you involves a. abduction of the arm b. adduction of the arm c. circumduction of the arm d. extension of the arm e. flexion of the arm 12. Choose the term that describes muscles that oppose one another. a. synergistic b. pairing c. antagonistic d. contrary e. agonist 13. The end of the muscle that is attached to the bone that moves. a. proximal b. origin c. distal d. ligament e. insertion 14. The contractile units of skeletal muscle are called _____. a. synapses b. sarcomeres c. motor units d. actin filaments e. fascicles

BIOL 2301 Practice for Test #1 sals@durhamcollege.ca Page 5 of 8 © Durham College or its licensors (2022) Last Updated: 2022-08-19 15. According to the sliding filament model of muscle contraction a. actin forms a covalent bond with myosin b. both actin and myosin slide towards the center of the cell c. actin slides along myosin d. myosin slides along actin e. none of the above 16. Where are the calcium ions, needed for muscle contraction, stored? a. transverse tubules b. ribs c. compact bone d. sarcoplasmic reticulum e. sarcomere 17. The junction between a motor neuron and a muscle cell is called a _____. a. neuromuscular junction b. motor nerve union c. neurotransmitter d. vesicle e. myofibril 18. _____ is a neurotransmitter that triggers muscle contraction. a. myosin b. tropomyosin c. troponin d. acetylcholine e. calcium 19. Which is the correct pairing of the muscle name to its descriptor? a. maximus; largest muscle b. deltoid; triangular shaped c. frontalis; location of the frontal bone d. all of the choices are correct e. none of the choices are correct

BIOL 2301 Practice for Test #1 sals@durhamcollege.ca Page 6 of 8 © Durham College or its licensors (2022) Last Updated: 2022-08-19 20. In muscle activity, creatine phosphate can be _____. a. used in the reaction: actin + myosin = actomyosin b. used to change ADP to ATP c. a molecule found in DNA d. a neurotransmitter causing a contraction e. none of the above PART B – IDENTIFICATION (15 MARKS) Provide the correct term for all of the following. 1. Type of muscle with spindle-shaped cells and no striations _____________________________ 2. Type of bone tissue found at the ends of long bones _________________________________ 3. Another name for freely movable joints ___________________________________________ 4. Cavity in compact bone containing an osteocyte _____________________________________ 5. The number of phalanges in each foot ____________________________________________ 6. Muscles other than the prime mover, that assist in a certain movement _________________________________________________________________________ 7. Number of thoracic vertebrae ___________________________________________________ 8. Number of pairs of false ribs ____________________________________________________ 9. Name of the first cervical vertebrae _______________________________________________

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BIOL 2301 Practice for Test #1 sals@durhamcollege.ca Page 7 of 8 © Durham College or its licensors (2022) Last Updated: 2022-08-19 10. One skeletal muscle fiber is filled with many of these _________________________________ 11. Type of muscle fibre that relies mainly on aerobic respiration and is designed for endurance 12. Movement that decreases the joint angle ___________________________________________ 13. The firmest type of cartilage ____________________________________________________ 14. The 3 bones which make up the hip (coxal) bone ____________________________________ 15. Type of muscle found in many internal organs ______________________________________ PART C – SHORT ANSWER (15 MARKS) Complete the following questions in the space provided. 1. Name three types of joints in the body and give an example of each. (3 marks)

BIOL 2301 Practice for Test #1 sals@durhamcollege.ca Page 8 of 8 © Durham College or its licensors (2022) Last Updated: 2022-08-19 2. Identify, describe and give an example of the three (3) major types of muscle tissue by completing the table below. (5 marks) Type of Muscle Location Shape # Nuclei Striations? Voluntary or Involuntary? Skeletal Tubular Smooth No Involuntary Cardiac Heart One 3. Name two substances that are required for skeletal muscle contraction to occur. (2 marks) 4. Indicate the correct order of the following stages of skeletal muscle contraction. (5 marks) _____ Calcium is released from sarcoplasmic reticulum; binds to troponin on actin filaments _____ ATP energizes myosin heads and causes them to pull the actin filaments inwards _____ Nerve impulse travels down motor neurons to a neuromuscular junction _____ Ach (acetylcholine) is released from neurons and binds to muscle fibers. _____ Tropomyosin threads shift and expose myosin binding sites; cross-bridges are formed

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