Ivy_Journal Reflection #1

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Nov 24, 2024

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Journal Reflection #1 Student’s Name Institution Course Professor Date

Journal Reflection #1 The Process of Parasitism Involving the Tick and the Human Parasitism is a symbiotic relationship in which the tick benefits and the host (human) suffers. Ticks can find humans by smelling their breath and bodies and sensing moisture, heat, vibrations, and shadow (Aghajani et al., 2020). Before attaching themselves to a host, ticks will wait for it to rest on the grass or a bush's top. Ticks are very quick to attach to hosts when they are brushed against. While some ticks quickly attach themselves, others may wander until they find an area with thinner skin, like the ear or another portion of the body. Ticks feed on the blood of the hosts they have infested. Tick bites may not be harmful, but they can spread hazardous protozoans, bacteria, and viruses that cause illnesses like Lyme disease and spotted fever. The tick bite itself may not cause any symptoms, but the skin may react by developing a rash or a small, solid lump. b) What are the three types of symbiotic relationships? Provide an example for each. Commensalism Commensalism benefits the symbiont without significantly affecting the host. This is a relatively rare type of interaction because few hosts can be considered to be completely unaffected by their symbionts. In some of these mutual relationships, the species that is getting the benefit will utilize the other species for its transportation, refuge, or defence. Commensalism Example: A spider using a tree as the base for its web. Although the tree is unharmed, the spider relies on the tree as its only source of protection and refuge. Other typical instances of commensalism are cattle egrets and epiphytes. Epiphytes are plants that profit by

utilizing their hosts for aerial support yet obtain their supplies from the environment. Attle egrets feed on the insects that are expelled from grazing cattle. Mutualism The most frequent approach to describe mutualism is in a manner that represents the positive indicators defining the result of their interactions. Mutualism is defined as relationships between individuals of distinct species that benefit both. Example: The nectar bees collect from flowers is the primary component of their diet. They gather the nectar from the flowers, which causes them to rub against the pollen on the blossoms, which then rubs off onto their bodies and the next bloom, causing that flower to be pollinated. Parasitism The term "parasitism" refers to a relationship between two distinct species of plants or animals in which one species benefits at the expense of the other, often without causing the death of its host. The parasitic organism can colonize the host organism on the inside or the outside, depending on the conditions. Because of this, the host species often experience a decline in their health and may even perish. However, in most cases, the parasite can only stay alive and continue feeding off the host body if it is attached to that creature. The existence of tapeworms, parasites that live in the intestines of animals, is one illustration of this. They lose the animal a portion of the food and nutrients it would have gotten otherwise because they consume food that has already been partly digested and is found in the animal's intestines.

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Reference Merlin, M. B., & Lao, A. R. (2022). P-Graph Approach to Modeling Sustainable Ecological Networks. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-90386-8.00038-3

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