Olivia Soudah - Food webs and biotic interactions (1)

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University of Wisconsin, Madison *

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360

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Biology

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Nov 24, 2024

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Uploaded by ProfRoseFinch9

1) The 4 species I have chosen are krill→squid→penguins→smaller toothed whales. 2) If krill are removed from the ecosystem, then squid would have a smaller amount of species to prey on, which could decrease the squid species due to starvation. This would affect the penguins because they would also have less prey of squid, followed by smaller toothed whales having less penguins to prey on. 3) If smaller toothed whales were removed from the ecosystem, there would be a larger amount of penguins in the ecosystem. With a larger amount of penguins in the ecosystem, they would consume more squid. With more squid being consumed, there would be a larger amount of krill because there are less squid to eat the krill. This would be an example of a trophic cascade because the smaller toothed whales are indirectly affecting the squid. 4) If humans were added to this, I would change the food chain to be krill→squid→humans→penguins→smaller toothed whales. I say this because humans eat squid but not penguins. This means that penguins and smaller toothed whales may not be affected but this could decrease the squid population. That would increase krill populations (another trophic cascade) because there would be less squid predators for them. However, I can also understand humans being the top of the food chain; krill→squid→penguins→smaller toothed whales→humans. This is because humans can be considered an apex predator. Humans don’t have these other animals as predators so it is also reasonable to put them on top.

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