CRISPR answer sheet experiment 1

A researcher wants to compare the pathogenicity of a mutant pathogen relative to wild type in an animal model. The mutant is marked with the constitutive expression of a foc gene that turns colonies blue on X-gal agar. The input ratio of the experiment Dilue/white colonies) was 10:1. The output ratio of the infection experiment tant to d type was 1-100 a. What is the CI? Show your work. 1. Define the Cr and describe what it measures in your answer Which of these genotypes does better during infection, the mutant or the wild-type?

9. Please help answer this question and please show all work on how you got the answers. Thank you so much!! :)

Katelyn had been working for Dr. Johnson for a month, and while she had become quite good at measuring inhibitionzones, she didn’t know why she was doing all this work. She had gotten very curious after she began doing all themeasurements on a new set of antibiotics. # is experiment involved infecting mice with MRSA and tracking how theMRSA grew over time.Data were collected by counting the cells of MRSA taken from $ uid samples from the mice. # e cells were measuredby taking one gram of the $ uid and spreading it over plates, but now Katelyn counted the colonies that grew on theplate after 24 hours. Because there were so many, she actually measured the colonies as “log CFU/g.” A CFU is acolony forming unit, or essentially a cell that will divide into a colony that can be seen. Because there can be so many,Katelyn measured them on a logarithmic (log) scale. # e raw data in her lab notebook looked like the following:Table 1. E% ect of treatment on MRSA in mice after 24 hours of drug…

One of the early results shows that the post-centrifugation pellet of encapsulated cells also contains EA1 and/or Sap. Why is this not proof that Bacillus anthracis cells have both an S-layer and a capsule simultaneously? I need help finding the answer in the article and explain in short answer  link to article: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC106848/

One of the early results shows that the post-centrifugation pellet of encapsulated cells also contains EA1 and/or Sap. Why is this not proof that Bacillus anthracis cells have both an S-layer and a capsule simultaneously? I need help finding the answer in the article and explain in short answer  link to article: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC106848/

Match each of the descriptions in Column A with the correct panel listed in Column B. Description Panel Resistant bacteria share resistance genes with each other Resistant bacteria survive and reproduce Treatment with methicillin kills nonresistant bacteria Some bacteria carry a mutation that provided resistance to methicillin Predict the possible outcome(s) if the antibiotic tetracycline was applied after panel 4. Check all that apply. O The tetracycline will act as a selective pressure, causing bacteria to mutate in order to survive. O Since the population is resistant to methicillin and not tetracycline, none of the bacteria will survive. O Treatment with an antibiotic will not affect the overall survival of the population. Any bacterium that has a mutation for tetracycline resistance would be able to survive.

3 2. The table below was obtained by P1 phage transduction followed by media selection of an E. coli strain lacking the three genes. Determine the map order of the genes given the information provided. Demonstrate CLEARLY which are closer or farther from each other (no numbers needed). 1 2 MAP: Experiment Selected marker Ala+ Gly+ Ser+ Unselected markers (select- ed for by subsequent plating) 27% Ser+, 2% Gly+ 3% Ser+, 1% Ala+ 35% Ala+, 4% Gly+

1.Why is the catalase test useful for the defferentiation of staphylococci from streptococci? 2.In regards to taxonomic classification of bacteria, what is the relationship between physiological and genetic differentiation of bacteria

3. What would a growth curve of the chlamydia bacteria look like starting from Sammys initial infection? Draw a simple graph and indicate where (a) her antibiotic treatment started, and (b) two weeks post-treatment. 5.The following is a partial ribosomal DNA sequence of a chlamydia gene that encodes for one of its ribosomal proteins. Blood samples were taken from Sammy before and after she started the antibiotic treatment, and there is a change between the two populations. Please identify the point mutation and the amino acid that changed, and provide one reason why a ribosomal mutation could affect antibiotic resistance to doxycycline. Pre-antibiotic treatment: ATG-GCT-GCT-AGC-GCT-TCA-AAG-GGC-AAG-AGT-AAA Post-antibiotic treatment: ATG-GCT-GCT-AGC-GCT-TCA-AAC-GGC-AAG-AGT-AAA 6.

9) These bacteria in the picture to the left are called Staphylococcus aureus. Give two reasons why is it called Staphylococcus. a. b.

In lab we learned a technique that helped us to visulize individual colonies of bacter 1. Describe this technique. 2. What do you expect the resutls to look like? Be specific. 3. How can this technique help you to determine if your culture is contaminated? For the toolbar, press ALT+F10 (PC) or ALT+FN+F10 (Mac). BIUS Paragraph I +] F H Ix X ABC † ( O K₂ KN Q V Arial sè "Ω Θ A 4 10pt EE 88 A Click Save and Submit to save and submit. Click Save All Answers to save all answers. 描く前 X² X₂ 3 由用目

During the anthrax crisis of 2001, public health officials urged citizens not to take the antibiotic ciprofloxacin as a preventative measure. Public health officials were concerned that overuse of ciprofloxacin would lead to resistant varieties of anthrax and other bacterial pathogens. Ciprofloxacin is one of the few readily available antibiotics that can treat anthrax. 1)Do you think that public health officials should more directly regulate the availability of ciprofloxacin to ensure its proper use? 2)Why?

2) Describe the function of the key Agrobacterium proteins involved in the transfer and integration of the transfer DNA (T-DNA) into host cells

3. Please help answer this question and please show all work on how you got the answers. Thank you so much!! :)

Give typed explanation

1.Define Bioprospecting.2. What properties in microorganisms were researchers at SINTEF and NTNU looking for?3. What made them select Micrococcus luteus as a candidate organism? 4. Describe the steps involved in genetic engineering, prior to commercial production of the potential `UVAblue’ sunscreen.5. What damage do long wave UV radiations induce in human cells?

Row C D. B B. one: A C O phage with radiolabelled protein coat phage with radiolabelled DNA 100 10. phage infects The experiment shown above was designed by bacterium phage infects bacterium EXPERIMENT 1 phage shell is removed EXPERIMENT 2 요 Hershey & Hershey & Chase Meselson & Stahl Meselson & Stahl 8 phage shell is removed 28 no radioactivity in cells ii 48 radioactivity in cells LL and proved that ii DNA replication is semiconservative DNA is the hereditary material DNA replication is semiconservative DNA is the hereditary material (select the row that correctly completes the statement)

Some strains of Escherichia coli bacteria have acquired the ability to produce the harmful Shiga toxin, normally produced by Shigella dysenteriae. Which statements best explain why this occurs? Mark all that apply.   A. conjugation between two different species of bacteria allowed both strains of bacteria to express a virulence factor B. transformation resulted in expression of a virulence factor C. horizontal gene transfer between different species of bacteria D.  transduction of a specific gene resulted in expression of new traits

Penicillin was first used in the 1940s to treat gonorrhea infections produced by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae. In 1984, according to the CDC, fewer than 1% of gonorrhea infections were caused by penicillin-resistant N. gonorrhoeae. By 1990, more than 10% of cases were penicillin resistant and a few years later the level of resistance was 95%. Explain the various ways this resistance could be spread among the cells. Could this resistance pass to other infectious bacteria from N. gonorrhoeae?

1. What is the generation time of a certain bacteria with an initial number of bacterial cells of 1x104 increases to 1x10¹5 after 5 hours and 25 minutes? 2. How long would it take for a certain bacterial cell to increase from 1x10² to 1x10²7 when the generation time 25 min?

You perform a Kirby-Bauer assay with two antibiotics. Antibiotic X has a zone of inhibition of 9 mm. Antibiotic Y has a zone of inhibition of 11 mm. Which antibiotic is better at killing this particular microorganism?   Group of answer choices 1Antibiotic Y 2Antibiotic X and Y, which have identical antimicrobial activities 3Antibiotic X4 4It is impossible to tell from the information given

3. Label the following elements of the figure below: lysogenic phage, lysogenic cycle, lytic cycle, prophage, phage DNA, bacterial chromosome, and self assembly.

السؤال الأول omogene 5, What is an explant? A. Part of a gene in a DNA B. A small piece of plant used in micropropagation C. A vector used in genetic modification sequence wwLLdicease is caused bv Agrobacterium tumefaciens'

A.Why do you plate the cells from the viable count on LB agar without ampicillin? B.If you observe 100 colonies on your 1/100 plate, how many colonies do you expect if everything works perfectly on your 1/1000 plate?

10) With the disk test, what specifically are you looking for to know if a bacteria is susceptible for an antibiotic? 11) What exactly does bacitracin do to bacteria to cause them to die or stop dividing?

8) Name the three basic shapes of the bacteria in the picture to the right. A C a. b. 9) These bacteria in the picture to the left are called Staphylococcus aureus. Give two reasons why is called aphylococcus. a. b.

6) explain to me 2 mechanisms organism can use to reverse this VU-caused damage. Give me the step by step detail for each mechanism, summarized.

1. Give the reasons why all bacteria contin storage granules at all stages in their life cycle. Answer and explain this comprehensively.

1.What difficulties does one encounter when trying to differentiate bacteria on the basis of physiological tests? 2.Why is the catalase test useful for the differentiation of staphylococci from streptococci?

1- which of the following can be used for treating/combating bacterial infections a. targeting spikes or attachment molecules b. phages  c. reverse transcriptase inhibitors  d. agent that turns ON gene expression e. agents that promote phage conversion    2- can DNA replication result in genetic change? explain    asap please

Papillomavirus QUESTION 39 ... In 2007, a Japanese scientist determined that pluripotent cells could be induced by. Introducing 4 regulatory genes into a fully differentiated cell Culturing stem cells in nutrient rich agar under different conditions Using a retrovirus to turn stem cells into progenitor cells Replacing non-reproducing stem cells with reproducing ones None of the above QUESTION 40 Fapsids are made of,,