3. Label the following elements of the figure below: lysogenic phage, lysogenic cycle, lytic cycle, prophage, phage DNA, bacterial chromosome, and self assembly.

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## Viral Reproduction: Lysogenic and Lytic Cycles

Understanding the processes through which viruses reproduce and interact with host cells is essential in biology. This section covers two critical viral reproductive cycles: the lysogenic and lytic cycles. Below, we explore the figure representing these cycles and identify key components and stages.

### Diagram Explanation
The figure depicts the phases of viral replication within a bacterial cell, illustrating both the lysogenic and lytic cycles. The components mentioned include lysogenic phage, lysogenic cycle, lytic cycle, prophage, phage DNA, bacterial chromosome, and self-assembly. Here is a detailed explanation of the image:

1. **Phage DNA**: The image starts with a virus (phage) attaching to a bacterial cell and injecting its DNA.
2. **Lytic Cycle**: In the top path, the phage DNA takes over the machinery of the host bacterial cell to produce new viruses. This involves:
   - **Self Assembly**: The newly produced viral components come together to form complete phages inside the host cell.
   - **Lysis**: Eventually, the host cell bursts, releasing new phages to infect other cells.

3. **Lysogenic Cycle**: In the bottom path, the phage DNA is integrated into the bacterial chromosome, becoming a **prophage**. This includes:
   - **Integration**: The phage DNA is incorporated into the bacterial DNA.
   - **Replication**: The bacterial cell divides, copying the prophage along with its own DNA in each new cell.
   - **Induction**: At some point, the prophage may be excised from the bacterial chromosome and enter the lytic cycle.

4. **Bacterial Chromosome**: This refers to the bacterial DNA within which the phage DNA can integrate.

### Detailed Steps
Here, in step-by-step detail:

1. **Phage DNA Integration**: The phage injects its DNA into the bacterial cell.
2. **Lysogenic Cycle Pathway**:
   - **Prophage Formation**: The phage DNA integrates with the bacterial chromosome to become a prophage, which remains dormant and replicates with the bacterial genome.
   - **Cell Division**: The bacterial cell divides, passing the prophage to daughter cells.
   - **Prophage Excision**: Upon certain triggers, the prophage is excised from the bacterial chromosome and initiates the lytic
Transcribed Image Text:## Viral Reproduction: Lysogenic and Lytic Cycles Understanding the processes through which viruses reproduce and interact with host cells is essential in biology. This section covers two critical viral reproductive cycles: the lysogenic and lytic cycles. Below, we explore the figure representing these cycles and identify key components and stages. ### Diagram Explanation The figure depicts the phases of viral replication within a bacterial cell, illustrating both the lysogenic and lytic cycles. The components mentioned include lysogenic phage, lysogenic cycle, lytic cycle, prophage, phage DNA, bacterial chromosome, and self-assembly. Here is a detailed explanation of the image: 1. **Phage DNA**: The image starts with a virus (phage) attaching to a bacterial cell and injecting its DNA. 2. **Lytic Cycle**: In the top path, the phage DNA takes over the machinery of the host bacterial cell to produce new viruses. This involves: - **Self Assembly**: The newly produced viral components come together to form complete phages inside the host cell. - **Lysis**: Eventually, the host cell bursts, releasing new phages to infect other cells. 3. **Lysogenic Cycle**: In the bottom path, the phage DNA is integrated into the bacterial chromosome, becoming a **prophage**. This includes: - **Integration**: The phage DNA is incorporated into the bacterial DNA. - **Replication**: The bacterial cell divides, copying the prophage along with its own DNA in each new cell. - **Induction**: At some point, the prophage may be excised from the bacterial chromosome and enter the lytic cycle. 4. **Bacterial Chromosome**: This refers to the bacterial DNA within which the phage DNA can integrate. ### Detailed Steps Here, in step-by-step detail: 1. **Phage DNA Integration**: The phage injects its DNA into the bacterial cell. 2. **Lysogenic Cycle Pathway**: - **Prophage Formation**: The phage DNA integrates with the bacterial chromosome to become a prophage, which remains dormant and replicates with the bacterial genome. - **Cell Division**: The bacterial cell divides, passing the prophage to daughter cells. - **Prophage Excision**: Upon certain triggers, the prophage is excised from the bacterial chromosome and initiates the lytic
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