chapter_03_01
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University of Manitoba *
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1220
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Astronomy
Date
Jan 9, 2024
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9
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1 Chapter 3 Part 1: The Universal Context of Life 1) In the context of life in the universe, which of the following discoveries of astronomy suggests that enormous numbers of habitable worlds may exist in the universe? A) the laws of physics are the same everywhere B) the universe is very old C) the universe is very large D) the building blocks of life are common 2) In the context of life in the universe, which of the following discoveries of astronomy suggests that there has been plenty of time for life to have appeared and evolved elsewhere? A) the universe is very large B) the universe is very old C) the laws of physics are the same everywhere D) the building blocks of life are common 3) In the context of life in the universe, which of the following discoveries of astronomy suggests that extraterrestrial life may be constructed in a similar fashion to life on Earth? A) the universe is very large B) the universe is very old C) the laws of physics are the same everywhere D) the chemical elements that make up life on Earth are common 4) In the context of life in the universe, which of the following discoveries of astronomy suggests that the processes that formed life on Earth could have occurred elsewhere? A) the universe is very old B) the laws of physics are the same everywhere C) the universe is very large D) the chemical elements that make up life on Earth are common 5) Which of the following places the structures in our own part of the universe in order of increasing (smallest to largest) scale? A) Solar System, Local Group, Milky Way Galaxy, Local Supercluster B) Local Supercluster, Local Group, Milky Way Galaxy, Solar System C) Solar System, Milky Way Galaxy, Local Supercluster, Local Group D) Solar System, Milky Way Galaxy, Local Group, Local Supercluster 6) Approximately how many stars are there in the Milky Way galaxy? A) a few hundred million B) a few hundred thousand C) more than a hundred billion D) a trillion or more
2 7) Huge collections of stars in space containing anywhere form a few hundred million to more than a trillion stars are referred to as A) island universes B) galaxy clusters C) star clusters D) galaxies 8) The Local Group is an example of a A) galaxy cluster B) galaxy C) supercluster D) planetary system 9) Which of the following words best describes the sum total of all matter and energy that exists? A) supercluster B) universe C) multiverse D) macrocosm 10) The light-year is defined to be the A) time it takes light to travel from the Sun to the Earth B) time it takes for light to travel from the nearest star to the Earth C) distance light travels in one year in space D) average distance between the Earth and the nearest star 11) The nearest star is at a distance of 4.4 light-years. Given that light travels at 300,000 km/s in space, how far away is the nearest star in kilometers (km)? A) 4.2 10
13
km B) 2.7 10
15
km C) 3.0 10
8
km D) 9.5 10
12
km 12) If the size of our solar system were scaled down to a radius of 1 kilometer, approximately how far away would the nearest stars be on this scale? A) several hundred kilometers B) several million kilometers C) several thousand kilometers D) several billion kilometers 13) If we had detected a signal from an advanced civilization in 2013 which was located at a distance of 7 light-years from the Sun, in what year was the signal actually transmitted? A) 2007 B) 2013 C) 2020 D) 2006
3 14) If we had sent a radio signal to an advanced civilization in 2006 which is located in the zeta reticuli star system approximately 39 light-years away, when would the signal arrive at its destination? A) 2006 B) 2051 C) 2039 D) 2045 15) If we had sent a radio signal to an advanced civilization in 2006 which is located in the zeta reticuli star system approximately 39 light-years away and the signal was immediately replied to, when would the reply arrive back at Earth? A) 2084 B) 2012 C) 2045 D) 2039 16) Due to the vast scale of the universe, when we observe a star in the night sky, we are seeing it A) not as it is now, but as it will be in the future B) as it was at the moment the universe formed C) as it is right now D) not as it is now, but as it was in the past 17) Approximately how long does it take light to travel across the diameter of the Milky Way? A) 27,000 years B) 100,000 years C) 200,000 years D) 1 million years 18) Most of the mass of the Milky Way is in the form of A) stars B) gas clouds C) black holes D) dark matter 19) Most of the mass of the universe is in the form of A) stars B) gas clouds C) black holes D) dark matter 20) The mysterious component if the universe which appears to be pushing galaxies apart is referred to as A) dark energy B) anti-gravity C) dark matter D) inflation
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4 21) Ordinary matter in the form stars and planet makes up approximately what proportion of the total mass and energy in the universe? A) about 70 percent B) a few percent C) about 25 percent D) nearly a 100 percent 22) According to current theories, the universe appears to be made A) of dark matter B) of dark energy C) mostly of ordinary matter in the form of stars and galaxies D) of an equal mixture of dark matter and dark energy 23) Telescopic observations of distant galaxies have shown that the universe is A) expanding B) contracting C) static and unchanging D) infinite in size 24) The point in time when the expansion of the universe began is referred to the A) big crunch B) cosmic detonation event C) big bang D) big blowup 25) According to current astronomical data, approximately how old is the universe? A) 65 million years B) 6000 years C) 4.6 billion years D) 14 billion years 26) The strongest piece of evidence that supports the Big Bang is the A) fact that the universe is expanding B) detection of dark matter in galaxies C) fact that stars have finite lifetimes D) detection of the cosmic microwave background radiation left over from the formation of the universe 27) The Big Bang predicts that after the universe was born it A) consisted of an equal mixture of all the chemical elements B) was completely empty C) consisted of mostly hydrogen and helium D) consisted of mostly carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen
5 28) The expansion of the universe is due to the A) motion of galaxies through space B) expansion of space within galaxies C) expansion of stars within galaxies D) expansion of space between galaxies 29) If we compress the entire history of the into one year, each month represents A) about a billion years B) a few tens of millions of years C) a few hundred years D) a few million years 30) If we compress the entire history of the universe into one year, each day represents A) about a billion years B) a few tens of millions of years C) a few hundred years D) a few million years 31) When we make an observation of a distant galaxy 10 billion light-years away, we are seeing this galaxy as it A) is right now B) was when the universe was only 10 billion years old C) was when the universe was formed D) will be in 10 billion year's time 32) The part of the universe we can see is referred to as the A) observable universe B) Milky Way C) entire universe D) multiverse 33) We are located at the A) edge of our entire universe B) center of our observable universe C) edge of our observable universe D) center of our entire universe 34) Due to the incredible size of the universe, our search for extraterrestrial life will probably be limited to within our A) Local Group of galaxies B) Local Supercluster of galaxies C) Milky Way galaxy D) solar system
6 35) Which subatomic particle or particles is/are found in the nucleus of an atom? A) protons and neutrons B) protons only C) neutrons and electrons D) electrons and protons 36) Which subatomic particle or particles have no charge? A) electrons and neutrons B) all subatomic particles have no charge C) neutrons only D) neutrons and protons 37) Atoms are held together by A) the electrostatic force of attraction between the protons in the nucleus and the surrounding electrons B) the combined electrostatic force of attraction between the protons and neutrons in the nucleus and the surrounding electrons C) the force of gravitational attraction between the protons in the nucleus and the surrounding electrons D) the electrostatic force of attraction between the neutrons in the nucleus and the surrounding electrons 38) The number of protons in the nucleus of an tom is referred to as its A) atomic mass number B) average atomic mass C) proton number D) atomic number 39) The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an tom is referred to as its A) atomic mass number B) average atomic mass C) proton number D) atomic number 40) An isotope of the element Manganese (Mn) has an atomic number of 25 and a mass number of 55. Assuming the atom is neutral, this means it has A) 55 protons, 55 electrons, and 25 neutrons B) 25 protons, 25 electrons, and 30 neutrons C) 25 protons, 30 electrons, and 25 neutrons D) 25 protons, 25 electrons, and 55 neutrons 41) How many electrons are present in the ion of the isotope of oxygen, 18
O
3- if oxygen has an atomic number of 8? A) 18 B) 5 C) 8 D) 11
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7 42) Isotopes have the same number of A) protons and neutrons B) protons but a different number of electrons C) neutrons but a different number of protons D) protons but a different number of neutrons 43) Compared to its neutral atom, an ion has the same number of A) protons and neutrons B) protons but a different number of neutrons C) protons but a different number of electrons D) neutrons but a different number of protons 44) What kind of energy does gasoline possess? A) mechanical B) kinetic C) potential D) radiative 45) The energy content of matter itself which was discovered by Albert Einstein in his Special Theory of Relativity is called A) thermal energy B) radiative energy C) mass-energy D) kinetic energy 46) The energy associated with random atomic and molecular motion is known as A) thermal energy B) radiative energy C) mass-energy D) potential energy 47) Visible light is an example of A) a compression wave B) an electromagnetic wave C) a seismic wave D) a gravitational wave 48) Electromagnetic radiation has the properties of A) waves only B) particles only C) neither waves or particles D) both waves and particles 49) The distance between adjacent peaks of an electromagnetic wave is referred to as its A) speed B) frequency C) energy D) wavelength
8 50) The number of vibrations per second of an electromagnetic wave is referred to as its A) energy B) frequency C) speed D) wavelength 51) How does the speed (in a vacuum) of a high-frequency electromagnetic wave compare with a low-frequency electromagnetic wave? A) the lower-frequency wave has the higher speed because speed is inversely related to frequency B) the two waves have the same speed because the speed of light is constant C) the lower-frequency wave has the higher speed because it has the longest wavelength D) the higher-frequency wave has the higher speed 52) How does the wavelength (in a vacuum) of a high-frequency electromagnetic wave compare with a low-frequency electromagnetic wave? A) it is impossible to tell because frequency and wavelength are not related B) the lower-frequency wave has the longer wavelength because frequency and wavelength are inversely proportional to each other C) the two waves have the same wavelength because the wavelengths of all electromagnetic waves are the same D) the higher-frequency wave has the longer wavelength because frequency and wavelength are directly proportional to each other 53) Photon A has a higher energy than photon B. Given this information, which of the following statements is true? A) Photon A has a longer wavelength than photon B B) Photon A travels faster in a vacuum than photon B C) Photon A has a higher frequency than photon B D) Photon A has a lower frequency than photon B 54) Which of the following sequence of electromagnetic radiations is in order of increasing wavelength? A) radio, infrared, UV, gamma ray B) gamma ray, UV, radio, microwave C) X-ray, visible, infrared, radio D) UV, infrared, visible, microwave 55) Human beings mostly emit which kind of electromagnetic radiation? A) ultraviolet B) visible C) microwave D) infrared
9 56) The nuclei of radioactive isotopes can sometimes give off A) visible radiation B) UV rays C) gamma rays D) X-rays 57) The longest wavelength electromagnetic radiation is A) radio waves B) gamma rays C) microwaves D) infrared 58) When electromagnetic radiation is destroyed it is said to be A) refracted B) absorbed C) reflected D) emitted 59) When electromagnetic radiation is created it is said to be A) reflected B) emitted C) refracted D) absorbed 60) When photons of electromagnetic radiation bounce off of a surface they are said to be A) emitted B) refracted C) absorbed D) reflected
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