Astro Test 2
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Astronomy
Date
Jan 9, 2024
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Astro Test 2
1. True or False? Isotopes are atoms with various number of protons
2. True or False? Resonances affect the rotation and orbital periods of Mercury, Venus, and
the Moon
3. True or False? Carbon dioxide is the second most common gas in the Earth’s atmosphere
4. True or False? Differentiation occurs due to differing densities of material in a planet
5. True or False? Venus has a retrograde orbit
6. True or False? The lunar maria are younger than the highlands
7. True or False? The outer core of the Earth is liquid because it is made of a eutectic
solution
8. True or False? The “dark side” of the Moon has more maria than the near side
9. True or False? Sound waves are S-waves
10. True or False? The Earth is the only terrestrial planet with moons
11. True or False? Using different types of light to study an object results in more
information than using visible light alone
12. True or False? Greenhouse gasses are transparent to infrared light and opaque to visible
light
13. Which planet is the hottest?
a. Earth
b. Moon
c. Mercury
d. Venus
14. Why can the Earth maintain its supply of water?
a. It has huge oceans
b. It has a cold trap in the atmosphere
c. New water is supplied by rain
d. The Urey reactions
15. Which of the following is the time from sunrise to sunrise?
a. The sidereal period
b. The synodic period
c. The sidereal day
d. The synodic day
16. What are scarps?
17. What are the maria?
18. Why was it relatively easy to measure the mass of the Earth but difficult to measure the
masses of Mercury and Venus?
19. How can we determine the age of a planet with a saturated surface?
20. Why are pancake volcanoes flat while Earth volcanoes form high peaks?
21. What is the opposition effect?
22. How do we determine the internal structure of Earth? How do we determine the
structure of Mercury?
23. How was the Moon formed? What proof of this exists?
24. Wien’s Law can be written
λ
max
T=2.9
10
-3
m
K (The m and K are units on the
constant). You observe a blackbody and find a peak wavelength of 7.5
μ
m. What is the
temperature of the blackbody?
25. What are the molecular masses of CO
2
and H
2
O? We’ve established that water can
escape from Venus. Is it likely that carbon dioxide can escape as well? Explain why or why
not.
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26. Choose your own adventure. Choose the correct statements from below and put them in
order to explain planetary formation starting with a giant cloud of gas. You do not need to
use all of the statements.
a. Small dust grains merge to form larger dust, which merges into larger objects
b. The center of the cloud gets hot enough for nuclear fusion and becomes a star
c. The giant cloud fractures into smaller clouds
d. Planetesimals merge to form planets
e. Black holes attract matter
f. A giant cloud starts to contract and spin
g. The cloud spins more slowly as it contracts
27. Put the following steps in order to explain Mercury’s evolution.
a. A giant impact occurs
b. Scarps form
c. The planet differentiates
d. The planet’s surface cools
e. The planet’s core cools
f. Heavy bombardment
g. Mercury forms out of planetesimals