Week 3, Lab Part 1b.pdf

Springle 1 Cassian James Springle Professor Bowles NSCI 110 09 November 2023 Part 1b: The First Round of Images ● A growing archive of images can be found here: a. https://webbtelescope.org/resource-gallery/images ● You can also use the “First Images” gallery for ease of exploring some of the objects: a. https://webbtelescope.org/news/first-images/gallery Here are some of the first objects that were imaged by the JWT thus far: ● Exoplanet WASP-39 b ● Cartwheel Galaxy ● “Cosmic Cliffs” in the Carina Nebula ● Stephan’s Quintet ● Southern Ring Nebula

Springle 2 ● Exoplanet WASP-96 b ● Webb’s First Deep Field Image (skip for now) Pick two of these objects, and address the following: 1) First, include one of the pictures of the object. I would choose the Composite Image. a. What does NIRCam and MIRI stand for? What do each of those views tell us about the object you chose (if applicable)? 2) What is going on in the image? a. What does this particular object potentially teach us about our universe (if applicable)? 3) How far away is the object in the particular image from Earth? 4) Find a previous image of this object and include it here. How does this previous image compare to the JWT?

Springle 3 To begin, the first object I chose was “Carina’s Cliffs.” Composite Image of “ Carina’s Cosmic Cliffs ,” in the Carina Nebula 1. What does NIRCam and MIRI stand for? What do each of those views tell us about the object you chose? a. NIRCam: “Near-Infrared Camera” b. MIRI: “Mid-Infrared Instrument” ■ NIRCam, or Near-Infrared Camera, captures light in the near-infrared spectrum, allowing us to peer through cosmic dust and observe details such as young stars, gas clouds, and planetary systems. On the other hand, MIRI, or Mid-Infrared Instrument, explores the mid-infrared range, unveiling heat signatures and

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Springle 4 revealing the thermal emissions from objects like protostars and cooler cosmic structures. Together, these instruments offer a multi-spectral perspective, unraveling the complexity and beauty of the intricate structures within the Carina Nebula. c. 2. What's Happening in the Image: a. This image is showcasing the beautiful "Cosmic Cliffs," within the Carina Nebula— revealing the dynamic interplay of gas, dust, and young stars as they interact on a universal level. Studying this region helps contribute to our understanding of stellar birth, death, expansion, and the life cycle of galaxies as a whole— like a snapshot of life, far away. b. 3. Distance from Earth: a. “The Carina Nebula is about 7,500 light-years from Earth in the southern constellation Carina, the Keel. Astronomers have given it many nicknames over the past few hundred years, including the Grand Nebula and the Eta Carinae Nebula for the bright star at its heart. It was originally discovered from the Cape of Good Hope, South Africa by Nicolas Louis de Lacaille in 1752.” ■ Source: https://science.nasa.gov/missions/hubble/hubbles-sparkling-new-vie w-of-the-carina-nebula/

Springle 5 Previous Image of the Carina Nebula, Pre-JWT: 4. How does this image compare to the JWT? a. The “James Webb Space Telescope” image offers a remarkably detailed and nuanced view of the Carina Nebula's Cosmic Cliffs, especially compared to those before it. This enhanced clarity enables scientists to delve deeper into the intricate processes shaping this celestial landscape, providing a richer understanding of the dynamic interactions between stellar winds, radiation, and the evolving structures within a nebula.

Springle 6 For my second object, I chose “ Stephan’s Quintet.” Composite Image of “Stephan’s Quintet,” Courtesy of the JWT 1. What does NIRCam and MIRI stand for? What do each of those views tell us about the object you chose? a. NIRCam: “Near-Infrared Camera” b. MIRI: “Mid-Infrared Instrument” ■ NIRCam, or Near-Infrared Camera, captures details in the near-infrared spectrum, giving insights into the composition and temperature of objects like those in Stephan’s Quintet. MIRI, or Mid-Infrared Instrument, explores mid-infrared, detecting heat

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Springle 7 emissions and providing a view of the warmer components, aiding in understanding the energetic processes and dynamics associated with galactic collisions and star formation in the quintet. b. 2. What's Happening: a. Stephan’s Quintet unfolds as a cosmic spectacle where five galaxies engage in a gravitational ballet, their paths intertwined by the forces of the cosmos. This captivating image provides a vivid snapshot of the ongoing dynamics within this galactic community. Galactic collisions, marked by intertwining spiral arms and distorted shapes, are on full display, showcasing the immense gravitational forces at play. Through this celestial choreography, scientists gain a unique opportunity to unravel the intricate processes of galactic evolution and witness firsthand the profound impact of these interactions on the initiation and progression of star formation within the quintet. 3. Distance from Earth: b. “Stephan's Quintet is 290 million light-years (90 million parsecs) away. The foreground, superposed NGC 7320 is 40 million light-years (12 million parsecs) away.” c.

Springle 8 ■ Source: https://hubblesite.org/contents/media/images/2009/25/2575-Image.ht ml#:~:text=Stephan's%20Quintet%20is%20290%20million,(12%20 million%20parsecs)%20away An older Image of Stephan’s Quintet, Pre-JWT 4. How does this image compare to the JWT? d. The enhanced resolution provides a sharper, more detailed view, allowing scientists to embark on a nuanced exploration of the ongoing gravitational interactions among the galaxies.

Springle 9 e. This newfound precision not only unravels the visible impact of these interactions but also opens a window into the subtle dynamics shaping the quintet's celestial tapestry. In essence, the JWT's image acts as a high-definition lens, bringing forth a level of detail that fosters a deeper understanding of the complex and ever-evolving galactic interactions within Stephan’s Quintet.

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