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School
Cerro Coso Community College *
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Course
C125
Subject
Astronomy
Date
Apr 3, 2024
Type
Pages
21
Uploaded by ColonelInternetHare13
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Name:
Melissa Marquez
Due Date: Saturday, February 10 by 11:50pm
Objectives:
Learn how to set your Location in Stellarium
Learn how to set your Date and Time in Stellarium
Learn how to change the Rate at which Time passes in Stellarium
Learn how to Look around in Stellarium
Learn how to Find Astronomical Objects in Stellarium
Observe different types of Solar Eclipses
Observe how Solar Eclipses affect your daytime sky
Observe how your location affects the type of Solar Eclipse you see
Section 1.1 - Starting Stellarium:
Start up
Stellarium
on your computer. You should find it located in the “Programs Files” folder in Window’s “Start Menu” or inside the “Applications” folder in MacOS. Double-click on its name and/or icon to start the program. When it finishes opening, you should see an image of a horizon with green grass below and sky above.
Before we begin the lab activity, two useful things to know are:
(1.) You can quit Stellarium by clicking the "Power" button:
which is located on the right-hand side of the floating icons that exist on the bottom of the Stellarium screen.
(2.) You can change Stellarium’s screen size by clicking:
which makes Stellarium's screen minimize to a smaller window on your computer. This button is located in the middle of the floating icons that exist on the bottom of the Stellarium screen.
Lab 2: The Basics of Stellarium
and
Observing Solar Eclipses
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Section 1.2 - Setting Your Location:
To simulate your night sky, Stellarium must know your location’s latitude and longitude on Earth. During the semester, you will see that your latitude determines:
(a.)
what regions of the Universe you can look at
For example, people living in Northern latitudes can easily see the North Star (Polaris) but people living in Southern latitudes can never see the North Star.
(b.)
the length of time that astronomical objects remain in your sky before they set below your horizon
For example, people living near the mid-latitude city of Bakersfield, California have the Sun in their sky for about 14.5 hours on the first day of Summer, while people living near the high-latitude city of Nome, Alaska have the Sun in their sky for about 21.5 hours on the first day of Summer.
(c.)
the angular orientation of your sky’s rotation relative to your horizon. For example, people living near Bakersfield see astronomical objects travel across their sky from East to West along pathways that are tilted toward their Southern horizon, while people living on Earth’s equator see celestial objects travel across their sky from East to West along pathways that are not tilted.
Meanwhile, your longitude mainly determines the time it is at your location. For example, people living near Bakersfield’s longitude obviously do not share the same time of day with people living in Tokyo, Japan even though both cities have very similar latitudes.
The following steps tell Stellarium your latitude and longitude location on the Earth so that it can simulate what your sky looks like at your location. Note that for simplicity, our default location for many of our lab activities this semester will be Bakersfield, California.
For students living in Southern California, using Bakersfield as your default location will produce simulated skies that are not drastically different from your actual sky. As you will see though, if you desire to simulate your actual sky, it is easy to do. To simulate your actual sky, all you have to do is set Stellarium’s location to your city’s latitude and longitude.
Steps for Setting Your Location within Stellarium:
(1.) Position your cursor on the lower left side of Stellarium’s main screen to bring up Stellarium’s two pop-up menus. (2.) You should see a “vertical pop-up menu” and a “horizontal pop-up menu” that look similar to this:
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(3.) On the vertical menu, find and click the “Location window” button, which looks like:
(4.) You should now see a “Location window” that looks like:
(5.) Here, we want to change our location to Bakersfield
. The easiest way to do this is to search for Bakersfield in the database of cities that Stellarium remembers, which is shown on the upper right-hand corner of the Location window. Each city in the database has its latitude and longitude already stored within Stellarium, so you do not have to enter these values yourself. These values are shown on the lower left-hand corner of the Location window.
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To find Bakersfield in the database, first click the “Region” option on the lower right hand side of the window, then select the “Northern America” option. Now, click the “magnify glass” symbol:
which is located at the bottom of the list of city names. This option allows you to type in the name of the city you are searching for. So, after clicking the “magnify glass,” type in the word “Bakersfield”.
You should see that the only city option in the list is now “Bakersfield, Northern America”:
(6.) Click Bakersfield’s name in the list. You should now see that the “red arrow” in the Location window’s world map is now pointing at the location of Bakersfield. You should also see that the latitude and longitude have now changed to Bakersfield’s latitude and longitude:
Latitude: N 35° 22' 23.85"
Longitude: W 119° 1' 7.35"
(7.) Once you verify that you are at Bakersfield’s location, click the small “Use current location as default” box located on the lower left-hand side of the Location window. This will ensure that when you start Stellarium it automatically begins at Bakersfield’s location. (8.) Also make sure that the:
“Use custom time zone” option is NOT turned on
“Enable daylight saving time” option is turned on
These options are located on the lower right-hand side of the Location window.
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(9.) You can now exit the “Location window” by clicking the “Location window” button again, which looks like:
Note that most large, medium, and small cities throughout the world are stored in the database. So, whenever we have to change our city in an activity, we will just go back to the Location window and repeat the steps we just did, but search for the new city instead of Bakersfield. Also, you can easily do this in your free time if you are curious about simulating your own location’s sky. Note though that if you live in southern California, your local sky will essentially look like the sky from Bakersfield.
Section 1.3 - Setting Your Observation Date and Time:
When simulating your sky within Stellarium, you can select whatever year, day, and time you want to view your sky at. The following steps show you how to set your simulated year, day, and time.
Steps for Setting Your Date and Time within Stellarium:
(1.) Position your cursor in the lower left corner of the main screen to bring up the pop-up menus. In the vertical menu, find and click the “Date/Time window” option, which looks like:
(2.) You should see a “Date/Time window” that looks similar to:
Here, the first three numbers are:
Year / Month / Day
and the second three numbers are:
Hours / Minutes / Seconds.
Note that Stellarium displays time using a 24-hour clock (i.e. it does not use AM/PM). For example, the time 20:11 is equal to 8:11 PM. An easy way of converting from the 24-hour clock to the AM/PM clock is to subtract 12 hours from any time greater than or equal to 13:00 . For example, if the time is 21:00, then it is 21:00 – 12:00 = 9:00 PM. One complication is that for times between 00:00 and 01:00, it is the 12 AM hour. For example, 00:15 is 12:15 AM. Meanwhile, if you need to convert from an AM/PM clock to the 24-hour clock, you just add 12
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hours to any time greater than or equal to 1:00 PM. For example, if the time is 5:30 PM, then it is 5:30 PM + 12:00 = 17:30 . The one complication is once again the 12 AM hour, which corresponds to times between 00:00 and 01:00 in the 24-clock. For example, 12:45 AM is 00:45.
Question 1
: What are the times 00:45, 01:22, and 17:25 in the AM/PM clock?
The following times would convert to 00:45=12:45, 1;22=1:22 am, 17:25=5:25 pm
Question 2:
What are the times 12:35 AM, 10:55 AM, and 10:28 PM in the 24-hour clock?
The following times convert to: 12:35 =00:35, 10:55= 10:55, and lastly 10:28=22:28
(3.) To change the Date and Time in the “Date/Time window,” you have two options. The first option is to simply click the small “up” or “down” arrows above or below the number you want to increase or decrease. The second option is to click the number you want to change and then type in the number you want.
Play around with the “Date/Time window” by changing the year, month, day, and time.
Question 3:
What is the furthest year in the future that Stellarium can simulate?
(Hint: The year has a lot of nines in it.)
The furthest year in the future that Stellarium can simulate is 99999!
Question 4:
What is the furthest year in the past that Stellarium can simulate?
(Hint: In Stellarium, years before “year zero” have a negative math sign in front of them. So, Stellarium treats BC or BCE years as negative numbers and AD or CE years as positive numbers. The furthest Stellarium can simulate in the past will have a lot of nines in it and a negative sign, meaning BC or BCE.)
The furthest year in the past that Stellarium can simulate is BC!
Section 1.4 - Setting the Rate at which Time Passes:
Stellarium not only allows you to change your year, day, and time; it also allows you to change how fast time moves forwards or backwards. The following steps show you how to change how fast time moves forwards or backwards.
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Steps for Setting the Rate at which Time Passes:
(1.) Position your cursor in the lower left corner of the main screen to bring up the pop-up menus. In the horizontal menu, you should see the following four “time rate” buttons:
(2.) These “time rate” buttons act like the “reverse”, “play/stop”, and “fast-forward” buttons on a television remote control. The first button:
decreases the rate at which time passes. Note that if you press it multiple times, time starts to run backwards.
The second button:
returns the rate at which time passes back to its normal, real world rate of time. So, when you need to slow time back down to its normal rate, just click this button.
The third button:
sets the year, day, and time back to the current, real world date and time. This is a good button to click when you want to quickly go back to your current date and time.
The fourth button:
increases the rate at which time passes. Play around with the “time rate” buttons. For example, make time go quickly forward and backwards and note the simulated sky. When the rate of time becomes too fast, just click the second button to return the rate of time back to its real rate.
Question 5:
Set Stellarium’s time rate back to the real world’s time rate (i.e. click the second button). Roughly how many times do you need to click the increase time rate button (i.e. the fourth button) before the simulated sky rotates too fast to see anything?
It took about 4 times before the simulated sky rotates too fast to see anything.
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Question 6:
Set Stellarium’s time rate back to the real world’s time rate (i.e. click the second button). Roughly how many times do you need to click the decrease time rate button (i.e. the first button) before the simulated sky rotates too fast to see anything?
It took about 6 times before the simulated sky rotates too fast to see anything.
Question 7:
Set Stellarium’s time rate back to the real world’s time rate (i.e. click the second button). Click the increase time rate button (i.e. the fourth button) about four times. Which direction does the sky rotate (i.e. clockwise or counterclockwise)?
The sky rotated clockwise.
Question 8:
Set Stellarium’s time rate back to the real world’s time rate (i.e. click the second button). Click the decrease time rate button (i.e. the first button) about six times. Which direction does the sky rotate (i.e. clockwise or counterclockwise)?
The sky rotated counterclockwise.
Question 9:
Because the apparent rotation of the sky is actually due to the rotation of Earth on its spin axis, which direction is Earth actually spinning about its North Pole (i.e. clockwise or counterclockwise)?
The direction of Earth actually spins its North Pole counterclockwise.
Question 10:
Briefly explain how Earth’s rotation on its spin axis creates the daily rising and setting motion of objects in the sky.
Earth’s rotation on its spin axis creates the daily rising and setting motion of objects in the sky by the West to east which is why the sun moon, stars , and as well as other objects appear to rise in the Eastern. Then set in the western for an observer on Earth.
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Section 1.5 - Looking Around the Simulated Sky:
Stellarium’s main window displays the simulated sky for your selected location on Earth. This image is like a video game, where you are a person standing outside looking around. Your basic options for looking around are: left-right, up-down, and zoom in and out.
You have two options for controlling how you look left-right and up-down. How to Look Left-Right and Up-Down:
(a.) The easiest way of looking around is to simply place your mouse cursor near the spot you want to look at, click your left-mouse-button on that spot, and then drag your mouse around to change the direction you are looking. (b.) Another way of looking around is to use the right, left, up, and down arrow keys on your keyboard.
Question 11:
Set Stellarium’s date to 2024 / 2 / 5 and time to 22:00:00. Note that the time can be off by a few minutes and nothing bad will happen (i.e. the sky will essentially look the same). Move your view so that you are looking above the Western horizon. You will know it’s the Western horizon because there will be the red letter “W” on the horizon there. What planet do you see above the Western horizon? (Note that the name of the planet should be displayed next to it.)
Jupiter was the plane above the Western horizon.
There are also a few options for zooming in and out on your simulated sky. How to Zoom in and out:
(a.) The easiest way of zooming in and out is to click the object in the sky that you want to zoom in on, and then press the “forward slash” key on your keyboard, “/”. This key should be on the same key as your keyboard’s “question mark”. In order to zoom back out, press the “back slash” key on your keyboard, “\”. This key should be near your keyboard’s “backspace” key for Windows computers or “delete” key for Apple computers.
(b.) Another way of zooming in and out involves using the up and down keys on your keyboard. If you are using a Windows computer, you can zoom in on the sky by holding down the “control” key labeled “crtl” on your keyboard and then pressing the up arrow key on your keyboard at the same time. You can then zoom back out by holding down the “control” key and then press the down arrow key. If you are using an Apple computer, you can zoom in and out by
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following the exact same directions above, except use your keyboard’s “command” key instead of the “control” key.
Question 12:
Set Stellarium’s date to 2024 / 7 / 4 and time to 3:15:00. Move your view so that you are looking at the South-Eastern horizon. You will know it’s the South-Eastern horizon because there will be the letters “SE” on the horizon there. You should see the planet Saturn above the horizon. Click on Saturn and then zoom in on it. You should see Saturn and several small dots with their names next to them. These dots are some of the moons of Saturn. Write down their names in the box below:
The following names were Rhea, Epimetheus, Atlas, Pan Janus, Telesto, Mimas, Helene, Prometheus, Enceladus, Tethys, Calypso, and lastly Dione.
Be sure to zoom back out once you are done with Question 12.
Section 1.6 - Finding Objects in the Simulated Sky:
Stellarium has a database that contains information for a vast number of astronomical objects. You can search this database to easily find and center your sky on any astronomical object you are interested in. The following steps show you how to search this database to find and center your sky on any object.
Steps for Finding any Object in the Sky:
(1.) Position your cursor in the lower left corner of the main screen to bring up the pop-up menus. In the vertical menu, find and click the “Search window” option, which looks like:
(2.) You should see a “Search window” that looks like:
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This “Search window” allows you to search for any astronomical object or position on the sky.
(3.) To find an object, you just type in the name of the object in the search field and press “Enter” or “Return” on your keyboard. When you do this, the sky will automatically move to the object and center the object in the middle of your screen. This is a very useful tool for easily finding objects.
Question 13
: At the same date and time you used for Question 11, search for the star Polaris in the “Search window.” Look at the horizon below Polaris. What horizon is Polaris directly above (i.e. East, West, North, South, North-East, North-West, South-East, or South-West)?
The horizon directly above Polaris is the North Horizon.
There are many more features in Stellarium than the ones we have just covered, but the basic features we have just seen are enough to do some observations. The first observations we will do involve Solar eclipses.
Section 2.1 - Solar Eclipses:
In this section, we will use Stellarium to observe two Solar eclipses. The first Solar eclipse we will observe is a relatively recent eclipse that happened on 2012 May 20. We will observe this eclipse from Bakersfield, California. The second eclipse we will observe is the recent Solar eclipse observable from the continental United States that occurred on 2017 August 21. We will observe this eclipse from both Bakersfield and Hopkinsville, Kentucky. Section 2.2 - Observing the 2012 May 20 Solar Eclipse from Bakersfield:
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From Bakersfield, we will first observe the 2012 Solar eclipse “up close” as if we were using a telescope. The following steps guide you through the process. Be sure to type your answers to any questions in the boxes provided.
As a useful side note, if you want to easily switch back-and-forth between Stellarium and your Lab Activity Document (assuming it’s currently opened) you can use the following keyboard commands. For most versions of Windows, hold down the “alt” key on your keyboard and press the “tab” key. A pop-up menu should now appear that lets you select any of the programs that you have opened. You can then pick any program you want by pressing the “tab” key until that program is highlighted. For Apple Mac users, repeat the exact same directions above, except use your keyboard’s “command” key instead of the “alt” key.
Watching the 2012 Solar Eclipse Up Close from Bakersfield:
(1.) Make sure Stellarium’s location is still set to Bakersfield
. (An easy way to know Stellarium’s current location is to move your cursor to the bottom left of your screen and then read the name of the city that is displayed on the left-side of the “horizontal menu” that pops up.)
(2.) Use the “Date/Time window” to set the day and time to:
Day: 2012 / 5 / 20
Time: 16:20
(Be sure to use the year 2012.)
(3.) Use the “Search window” to locate and center the screen on the Sun.
(4.) Click the second “time rate” button:
to pause the time.
(5.) Zoom in on the Sun using the “forward slash” (i.e. “/”) key on your keyboard. The Sun should now be a large circle in the middle of your screen that looks like:
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The Moon is barely visible on the lower right of the screen.
Note that in real life you would not see the Moon near the Sun because the Sun’s brightness overwhelms it. NEVER LOOK AT THE SUN TO CONFIRM THAT THIS IS TRUE. GLANCING AT THE SUN FOR EVEN A SHORT AMOUNT OF TIME CAN DAMAGE YOUR EYES. As you will see in Section 2.4, you can only briefly look towards the Sun during its short period of 100% coverage during a Total Solar Eclipse.
Question 14:
What Lunar phase is the Moon? The lunar phase would be full moon lunar phase.
(6.) One Stellarium feature we have not seen yet is the ability to turn off the Earth’s horizon and ground so that you can see “through” the Earth. We want to do this now because the Sun will get close to the horizon in the following steps and it will eventually become blocked by some of the trees on the horizon. Turn off Earth’s horizon and ground by going to the bottom “horizontal menu” and clicking the “Ground” option, which looks like:
(7.) Another rarely used feature of Stellarium that will help us observe the Solar eclipse better involves turning off two simulated observation effects. To turn off these effects, first click the “Sky and Viewing Options Window” button, which looks like this in the vertical menu:
You should see the “Sky and Viewing Options Window” which looks like:
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We want to turn off Stellarium’s “Dynamic Eye Adaptation” (which simulates your eyes’ reaction when looking at very bright objects like the Sun). Turn off this effect by clicking the small check mark box located to the left of this option in the window so that the check mark is removed. You can now exit the “Sky and Viewing Options Window”. (8.) Make sure the Sun is still selected as Stellarium’s object of observation by clicking on the Sun again. You should also press the “Center on selected object” button:
which is located on the bottom “horizontal menu.” This will keep the Sun centered within your screen as the time changes.
(9.) Your goal now is to use the “Date/Time window” to manually increase the time, minute-by-
minute, by clicking the “up arrow” above the window’s minute values. Keep increasing the time until you see the Moon (on the lower right) first begin to cover the Sun’s edge. This time is called “First Contact.” Record this time below in Table 1
. (10.) Start manually increasing the time again until you see the Moon’s coverage of the Sun reach a maximum coverage. This time is called “Maximum Coverage.” Record this time below in Table 1
. Question 15:
Roughly estimate the percentage of the Sun that is eclipsed at Maximum Coverage.
The percentage of the Sun that is eclipsed at Maximum Coverage was over 80 percent!
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Question 16:
What shape does the Sun look like during Maximum Coverage (e.g. Crescent, Ring, or No Shape because it’s completely blocked by the Moon)?
The shape that the Sun look like during Maximum Coverage is a crescent.
Question 17:
What type of Solar Eclipse are you observing at Maximum Coverage (i.e. Total Solar Eclipse, Annular Solar Eclipse, or Partial Solar Eclipse)?
The type of solar eclipse I observed at Maximum Coverage is partial solar eclipse.
Question 18:
What type of Lunar Shadow are you standing in during Maximum Coverage (i.e. Umbra, Penumbra, or Antumbra)?
(Hint: This is discussed in Lecture 1.)
The type of Lunar Shadow was Penumbra!
(11.) Start manually increasing the time again until you see the Moon leave the Sun and end its eclipse of the Sun. This time is called “Last Contact.” Record this time below in Table 1
.
Table 1
Eclipse Event
Time
( Hour : Minute )
First Contact
17:35
Maximum Coverage
18:20
Last Contact
19:46
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Question 19:
Use the data from Table 1
to calculate how long the eclipse lasted (i.e. the length of time from first contact to last contact).
The eclipse lasted around 2 hours and 11 minutes.
Section 2.3 - Observing the 2017 August 21 Solar Eclipse from Bakersfield:
From Bakersfield, we will observe the 2017 Solar eclipse “up close” as if we were using a telescope. The following steps guide you through the process. Be sure to type your answers to any questions in the boxes provided.
Watching the 2017 Solar Eclipse Up Close from Bakersfield:
(1.) Make sure Stellarium’s location is still set to Bakersfield
.
(2.) Use the “Date/Time window” to set the day and time to:
Day: 2017 / 8 / 21
Time: 9:00
(3.) Use the “Search window” to locate and center the screen on the Sun.
(4.) Make sure the second “time rate” button is still “paused.” (5.) Zoom in on the Sun using the “forward slash” (i.e. “/”) key on your keyboard. (6.) Your goal now is to use the “Date/Time window” to manually increase the time by clicking the “up arrow” above the window’s minute value. Keep increasing the time until you see the Moon make “First Contact.” Record this time below in Table 2
. (7.) Start manually increasing the time again until you see the Moon’s coverage of the Sun reach “Maximum Coverage.” Record this time below in Table 2
. Question 20:
Roughly estimate the percentage of the Sun that is eclipsed at Maximum Coverage.
The percentage was like 70 percent!
Question 21:
What shape does the Sun look like during Maximum Coverage (e.g. Crescent, Ring, or No Shape because it’s completely blocked by the Moon)?
It’s shape was also a crescent!
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Question 22:
What type of Solar Eclipse are you observing at Maximum Coverage (i.e. Total Solar Eclipse, Annular Solar Eclipse, or Partial Solar Eclipse)?
I observed once again a partial solar eclipse. Question 23:
What type of Lunar Shadow are you standing in during Maximum Coverage (i.e. Umbra, Penumbra, or Antumbra)?
(Hint: This is discussed in Lecture 1.)
It was penumbra standing during Maximum coverage.
(8.) Start manually increasing the time again until you see the Moon reach “Last Contact.” Record this time below in Table 2
.
Table 2
Eclipse Event
Time
( Hour : Minute )
First Contact
9:05
Maximum Coverage
10:20
Last Contact
11:45
Question 24:
Use the data from Table 2
to calculate how long the eclipse lasted.
The eclipse lasted around 2 minutes and 35 seconds!!
Section 2.4 - Observing the 2017 August 21 Solar Eclipse from Hopkinsville, Kentucky:
We will now re-observe the 2017 Solar eclipse “up close” from Hopkinsville, Kentucky. The following steps guide you through the process. Be sure to type your answers to any questions in the boxes provided.
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Watching the 2017 Solar Eclipse Up Close from Hopkinsville:
(1.) Make sure Stellarium’s location is set to Hopkinsville, Kentucky
. It will show up in Stellarium’s city database list as “Hopkinsville, Northern America.” If you do not remember how to change locations, re-read Section 1.2 of this lab.
(2.) Use the “Date/Time window” to reset the day and time to:
Day: 2017 / 8 / 21
Time: 11:30
(3.) Use the “Search window” to locate and center the screen on the Sun.
(4.) Make sure the second “time rate” button is still “paused.” (5.) Zoom in on the Sun using the “forward slash” (i.e. “/”) key on your keyboard. (6.) Your goal now is to use the “Date/Time window” to manually increase the time by clicking the “up arrow” above the window’s minute value. Keep increasing the time until you see the Moon make “First Contact.” Record this time below in Table 3
. (7.) Start manually increasing the time again until you see the Moon’s coverage of the Sun reach “Maximum Coverage.” Record this time below in Table 3
. Question 25:
Estimate what percentage of the Sun is eclipsed at Maximum Coverage.
The percentage was 100% eclipsed at Maximum coverage!
Question 26:
What shape does the Sun look like during Maximum Coverage (e.g. Crescent, Ring, or No Shape because it’s completely blocked by the Moon)?
There was no shape during Maximum Coverage.
Question 27:
What type of Solar Eclipse are you observing at Maximum Coverage (i.e. Total Solar Eclipse, Annular Solar Eclipse, or Partial Solar Eclipse)?
It was a total solar eclipse!
Question 28:
What type of Lunar Shadow are you standing in during Maximum Coverage (i.e. Umbra, Penumbra, or Antumbra)?
(Hint: This is discussed in Lecture 1.)
The type of Lunar shadow was Umbra!
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Question 29:
How can one Solar Eclipse (i.e. the 2017 August 21 eclipse) produce such drastically different Maximum coverage effects when observed from different locations (i.e. Bakersfield and Hopkinsville)? One Solar Eclipse produces such drastically different Maximum coverage effects when observed from different locations because it location corresponds to the sun’s location so it’s viewed/seen differently. It also had to do with the clockwork of the moon.
(8.) Start manually increasing the time again until you see the Moon reach “Last Contact.” Record this time below in Table 3
.
Table 3
Eclipse Event
Time
( Hour : Minute )
First Contact
11:55
Maximum Coverage
13:25
Last Contact
14:55
Question 30:
Use the data from Table 3
to calculate how long the eclipse lasted (i.e. from first contact to last contact).
It lasted around 3!
From Hopkinsville, we will now re-observe the 2017 Solar eclipse from the ground. The following steps guide you through the process. Be sure to type your answers to any questions in the boxes provided.
Watching the 2017 Solar Eclipse from the Ground in Hopkinsville:
(1.) Make sure Stellarium’s location is still set to Hopkinsville, Kentucky
. (2.) Use the “Date/Time window” to reset the day and time to:
Day: 2017 / 8 / 21
Time: 11:30
(3.) Turn back on Earth’s ground by going to the bottom “horizontal menu” and clicking the “Ground” option, which looks like:
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This symbol should glow white when it is turned on. (4.) Use the “Search window” to locate and center the screen on the Sun.
(5.) Make sure the second “time rate” button is still “paused.” (6.) If you need to, zoom out from the Sun using the “back slash” (i.e. “\”) key on your keyboard. The Sun should now be a very bright circle on your screen. (7.) Use the “Date/Time window” to manually increase the time minute-by-minute. Keep increasing the time until the Moon reaches the “Maximum Coverage” time that you recorded in Table 3
. Question 31:
What astronomical objects do you see appear in the sky when the Moon reaches Maximum Coverage?
I was able to view Venus, Mars, and Jupiter!
Question 32:
Why are you able to see these astronomical objects in the middle of the day?
I was able to see these astronomical objects in the middle of the day because the moon covered the sun 100% which dimmed the sky allowing it to see these various astronomical objects! It is pretty cool how all this works and how we are able to observe these!
Section 3.1 - How to Submit Your Finished Lab Document:
Be sure to type your full name inside the box located at the top of page 1. When you have finished, save this lab document with your last name and first name added to the beginning of the filename. For example, this lab document originally has the filename:
LASTNAME_FIRSTNAME_Lab02
and you should resave your finished lab document with your last name and first name replacing the words “LASTNAME” and “FIRSTNAME”
. For example, I would resave my finished lab document as CAMERON_SCOTT_Lab02.
Once you have your completed lab document renamed, you need to submit it to our class website for it to be graded. To submit your completed lab document to the class website, go to the:
“Submit Your Finished Lab 2 Document Here”
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link that is available under the correct week’s “Lab:” assignment section. When you click the link, you’ll see a webpage similar to the following webpage: Figure 2: Completed Lab Document Submission Page
You’ll submit the lab document to this webpage by first clicking the “Start Assignment” button near right hand corner of the page. The webpage will then look like this:
Figure 3: Completed Lab Document Submission Page
You’ll then click the “Upload File” button, which will allow you to locate your finished lab document on your computer. Once you locate your lab document, double click it and then click the “Submit Assignment” button. You will then have to wait for the file to upload to the class website.
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