28_Star_Formation_and_Lifetimes_Compiled_Questions_v2
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Astronomy Assessment and TPS Questions:
Star Formation and Lifetimes
1.
The total main sequence lifetime of stars like the Sun is about
a.
1 million years.
b.
10 million years.
c.
10 billion years.
d.
100 billion years.
2.
One way to trigger the collapse of a region of gas and dust where a star will form is
a.
the spiraling motion of the gas and dust particles.
b.
the absorption of infrared radiation from nearby stars.
c.
a shockwave from a nearby supernova.
d.
the energy given off by nuclear fusion.
e.
the high temperature of the gas and dust particles.
3.
During the beginning of star formation, The force that dominates the collapse of the gas and
dust is
a.
electrostatic.
b.
gravity.
c.
magnetism.
d.
friction.
4.
Main sequence stars begin life as
a.
a white dwarf,.
b.
a cloud of gas and dust.
c.
a very large hot planet.
d.
a red giant.
5.
How will the fusion rate of a two solar mass star compare to the fusion rate of a four solar
mass star?
a.
They will have the same fusion rate.
b.
The more massive star will have twice the fusion rate.
c.
The more massive star will have a fusion rate that is two times slower.
d.
none of the above
6.
Star A has a mass of 5 solar masses and Star B has a mass of 10 solar masses. How will the
fusion rate of Star A compare to the fusion rate of Star B?
a.
Star A’s fusion rate will be more than two times slower than that of Star B.
b.
Star A’s fusion rate will be two times slower than that of Star B.
c.
Star A’s fusion rate will be the same as that of Star B.
d.
Star A’s fusion rate will be two times faster than that of Star B.
e.
Star A’s fusion rate will be more than two times faster than that of Star B.
Center for Astronomy Education
University of Arizona
7.
Star A has a mass of 4 solar masses and Star B has a mass of 8 solar masses. How will the
fusion rate of Star A compare to the fusion rate of Star B?
a.
Star A’s fusion rate will be more than two times slower than that of Star B.
b.
Star A’s fusion rate will be two times slower than that of Star B.
c.
Star A’s fusion rate will be the same as that of Star B.
d.
Star A’s fusion rate will be two times faster than that of Star B.
e.
Star A’s fusion rate will be more than two times faster than that of Star B.
8.
Chili Pepper is a main sequence star that appears red when viewed from Earth, as a result
which of the following is (always) true:
a.
It is hotter than an O spectral type main sequence star.
b.
It will appear brighter than a white dwarf.
c.
It will live longer than a B spectral type main sequence star.
d.
It is the same size as a red giant star of the same temperature.
e.
None of the above are correct
9.
Consider the information given below about three main sequence stars A, B, and C.
Star A will be a main sequence star for 4.5 billion years.
Star B has the same luminosity as the Sun.
Star C has a spectral type of M5.
Which of the following is a true statement about these stars?
a.
Star A has the greatest mass.
b.
Star B has the greatest mass.
c.
Star C has the greatest mass.
d.
Stars A, B and C all have approximately the same mass.
e.
There is insufficient information to determine this.
10.
Which of the following determines most characteristics and future events of a star’s
existence?
a.
surface temperature
b.
size (diameter)
c.
color
d.
composition (type of atoms)
e.
mass
Center for Astronomy Education
University of Arizona
Imagine that the three stars listed below all formed at exactly the same time, but in different
locations of the universe.
Cosmo Star
is an O spectral class star with a MS lifetime of 3 million years.
Its life will
eventually end as a SN type II and become a black hole.
Cosmo Star is located in a galaxy 10
billion light years (ly) from Earth.
Ollie Star
is a K spectral class star with a MS lifetime of 12 billion years.
Its life will eventually
end as a slowly cooling white dwarf.
Ollie Star is located in the MW at a distance of 10,000 ly
from Earth.
Sullivan Star
is an F spectral class star with a MS lifetime of 5 billion years.
Its life will
eventually end in a SN type I that will completely destroy Sullivan Star.
Sullivan Star is located
in a galaxy 6 billion ly from Earth.
11.
Which of these stars final end states will first be viewed on Earth?
a.
Cosmo Star
b.
Ollie Star
c.
Sullivan Star
d.
They will all be seen at the same time
The mass of three clouds of gas and dust are provided below. Imagine that each cloud will
collapse to form one
star. Use this information to answer the next two questions.
Cloud X
- 60 times the mass of the Sun
Cloud Y
-
7 times the mass of the Sun
Cloud Z
-
2 times the mass of the Sun
12.
Which is most likely to form into red main-sequence star?
a.
Cloud X
b.
Cloud Y
c.
Cloud Z
d.
More than one of the clouds could form into a red main-sequence star.
e.
None of the clouds will form into a red main-sequence star.
13.
Which is most likely to become a white dwarf during the end of its life?
a.
Cloud X
b.
Cloud Y
c.
Cloud Z
d.
More than one of the clouds could form a star that will become a white dwarf during the
end of its life.
e.
None of the clouds could form a star that will become a white dwarf during the end of its
life.
Center for Astronomy Education
University of Arizona
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14.
A three solar mass star will have a main sequence lifetime that is:
a.
the same as the Sun
b.
one third as long as the Sun
c.
three times longer than the Sun
d.
less than a third as long as the Sun
e.
more than three times longer than the Sun
Consider the information provided in the table below regarding three Main Sequence Stars, their
distances from Earth and their main sequence lifetimes. Use this information to answer Case A
and Case B as described in the next two questions.
15.
Case A: If they all start off at the same time in the universe, then which of the 3 stars’ deaths
would you see from Earth first?
a.
Larry
b.
Moe
c.
Curly
d.
You observe the deaths of all the stars at the same time
e.
Not enough information to tell.
16.
Case B: If all three stars appear to be the same age from Earth, then which star would have
started its main sequence lifetime first?
a.
Larry
b.
Moe
c.
Curly
d.
Not enough information to tell
17.
Star A is a red main sequence star and Star B is a blue main sequence star. Which will have a
longer lifetime?
a.
Star A
b.
Star B
c.
They will have the same lifetime.
d.
There is insufficient information to determine this.
Center for Astronomy Education
University of Arizona
Star
Larry
Moe
Curly
Distance from Earth
20 million light-years
300 thousand light years
2 billion light years
Main Sequence Lifetime
5 million years
2 billion years
150 million years
18.
A main sequence star with a long lifetime will be ______ than a main sequence star with a
short lifetime.
a.
bluer
b.
emitting light at shorter wavelengths
c.
larger
d.
more luminous
e.
less massive
19.
Consider the information given below about three main sequence Stars A, B, and C.
Star A will be a main sequence star for a total of 15 billion years.
Star B gives off the same amount of light as the Sun.
Star C is red.
Which of the following is a true statement about these stars?
a.
Star A has the greatest mass.
b.
Star B has the greatest mass.
c.
Star C has the greatest mass.
d.
Stars A, B and C all have approximately the same mass.
e.
There is insufficient information to determine this.
20.
What factor causes a cloud of gas and dust to collapse?
a.
Pressure from fusion
b.
Gravity
c.
Dark matter
d.
Dark energy
21.
What will live longer, a large main sequence star or a small main sequence star?
a.
A large star
b.
A small star
c.
You cannot determine from this information
22.
A more massive star will live a _______ life because it burns its fuel ________.
a.
longer, faster
b.
shorter, slower
c.
longer, slower
d.
shorter, faster
23.
Which spectral type of main sequence stars has the longest life?
a.
O stars
b.
G stars
c.
K stars
d.
M stars
Center for Astronomy Education
University of Arizona
24.
Which will have a shorter life, an A spectral type main sequence star or an F spectral type
main sequence star?
a.
A type star
b.
F type star
c.
They could have the same length of lifetime.
25.
Main sequence stars with a high rate of nuclear fusion will be
a.
less massive and live longer lives.
b.
more massive and live shorter lives.
c.
less massive and live shorter lives.
d.
more massive and live longer lives.
26.
A typical main sequence star is in a state of:
a.
hydrostatic equilibrium.
b.
constant contraction.
c.
constant expansion.
d.
controlled explosion.
27.
What is hydrostatic equilibrium?
a.
When the inward force of gravity is equal to the outward pressure of fusion
b.
When a star starts to fuse helium into hydrogen
c.
When the inward pressure of fusion is equal to the outward force of gravity
d.
When a star begins nuclear fusion
e.
More than one of the above are correct
28.
When a cloud of gas and dust collapses, the center gets very hot and does what?
a.
Starts fusing helium into hydrogen
b.
Starts absorbing electromagnetic radiation to become even hotter
c.
Starts fusing hydrogen into helium
d.
Starts to expand outward
e.
More than one of the above are correct
29.
Which characteristic of a star determines the length of its lifetime, along with many other
important traits?
a.
Temperature
b.
Luminosity
c.
Mass
d.
Its position in the universe
30.
The total main sequence lifetime of G spectral type stars is approximately
a.
10 million years
b.
100 million years
c.
10 billion years
d.
100 billion years
Center for Astronomy Education
University of Arizona
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31.
Star A and Star B are both main sequence stars. Star A’s lifetime is 100 times the length of
Star B. Why is this so?
a.
Star A is 100 times as large as Star B
b.
Star B is 100 times as large as Star A
c.
Star A is the same size as Star B
d.
None of the above
32.
The total main sequence lifetime of F spectral type stars is
a.
greater than that of G spectral type stars.
b.
less than that of M spectral types stars.
c.
less than that of B spectral type stars.
d.
equal to that of the Sun.
33.
How would the fusion rate of a two solar mass main sequence star compare to the fusion rate
of a four solar mass main sequence star?
a.
They will have the same fusion rate because they are both main sequence stars
b.
The more massive star will have a fusion rate that is more than twice as fast
c.
The less massive star will have a fusion rate that is more than twice as fast
d.
The more massive star will have a fusion rate that is twice as fast
e.
The less massive star will have a fusion rate that is twice as fast
34.
A main sequence star that appears blue will
a.
be cooler than the Sun.
b.
appear dimmer than a white dwarf.
c.
have a relatively slow fusion rate.
d.
live a shorter lifetime than an M spectral type main sequence star.
35.
Star L is 120 times less massive than Star B. Star L’s life will be:
a.
120 times shorter than Star B’s.
b.
more than 120 times shorter than Star B’s.
c.
120 times longer than Star B’s.
d.
more than 120 times longer than Star B’s.
36.
Star X is half as massive as the Sun. Star Z is 10 times more massive than the Sun. How will
the lifetimes of Star X and Z compare?
a.
Star X will live more than 20x longer
b.
Star X will live more than 20x shorter
c.
Star X will live 20x longer
d.
Star X will live 20x shorter
e.
None of the above
Center for Astronomy Education
University of Arizona
37.
A star that is 6 times the size of the sun will _____________.
a.
Live 6 times as long
b.
Live 1/6
th
as long
c.
It will live the same length of time
d.
Live more than 6 times as long
e.
Live less than 1/6
th
as long
38.
Star A is 7 times more massive than Star B. How will Star B’s fusion rate compare to Star A?
a.
Its rate of fusion will be 7 times as much
b.
Its rate of fusion will be more than 7 times as much
c.
Its fusion rate will be the same
d.
Its rate of fusion will be 1/7
th
as much
e.
Its rate of fusion will be less than 1/7
th
as much
39.
Star A has a fusion rate that is 3 times as much as Star B. How does Star A’s mass compare to
Star B?
a.
It is 3 times as massive as Star B
b.
It is 1/3
rd
as massive as Star B
c.
It is slightly less than 3 times as massive
d.
It is more than 3 times as much as Star B
e.
It is less than 1/3
rd
as massive as Star B
Star Name
Main Sequence Lifetime of the Star
Star H
45 billion years
Star I
80 billion years
Star J
120 million years
40.
Using the table above, which of the stars must be the least massive?
a.
Star H
b.
Star I
c.
Star J
d.
All three stars could be the same size
Star Name
Main Sequence Lifetime of the Star
Star K
40 million years
Star L
103 million years
Star V
20 billion years
Star D
4 billion years
41.
Using the table above, rank the stars by their rate of nuclear fusion, from fastest rate to
slowest rate.
a.
D>V>K>L
b.
V>D>L>K
c.
L>K>V>D
d.
K>L>D>V
Center for Astronomy Education
University of Arizona
42.
Main sequence Star Alpha has a lifetime of 10 million years. Main Sequence Star Beta has a
lifetime of 100 million years. Which of the following is
not
true about the stars?
a.
Star Alpha’s life is 1/10 as long as Beta’s life.
b.
Stars Alpha and Beta could both be found on the left portion of the main sequence.
c.
Star Alpha is exactly 10x more massive than Star Beta.
d.
Star Alpha is hotter than Star Beta.
Main Sequence Star
Lifetime
A
25 billion years
B
6.5 million years
C
65 million years
43.
Using the table above, which Star is not in hydrostatic equilibrium?Star A
a.
Star B
b.
Star C
c.
They are all in equilibrium.
44.
Using the table above, which star is the most blue in color?
a.
Star A
b.
Star B
c.
Star C
d.
Cannot tell from information provided.
45.
Using the table above, which of the following is a
true
statement about the stars?
a.
Star A is the most massive.
b.
All 3 stars are more massive than the Sun.
c.
Star A is hotter than Star C.
d.
Star B is the brightest.
e.
None of the above.
46.
Using the table above, how do the masses of Stars B and C compare?
a.
B is 10x more massive
b.
B is 10x less massive
c.
B is more than 10x as massive
d.
B is less than 10x as massive
Center for Astronomy Education
University of Arizona
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