Lab#2 HDJ

M= 1.5 ∙ 10 4 π 2 ( ¿¿ 11 m ) 3 ( 6.67 ∙ 10 − 11 m 3 k g∙s 2 )( 3.154 ∙ 10 7 s ) 2 ¿ = 2.008095 ∙ 10 30 kg Mass of the Earth Calculations: M = 4 π 2 a 3 G p 3 G = 6.67 ∙ 10 − 11 m 3 k g∙s 2 P = 1.44 hours = (1.44hours)( 60 minutes 1 hour )( 60 seconds 1 minute ) = 5184 s A = 6.5 ∙ 10 3 km ∙ 1000 m 1 km = 6.5 ∙ 10 6 m M = 6.5 ∙ 10 4 π 2 ( ¿¿ 6 m ) 3 ( 6.67 ∙ 10 − 11 m 3 k g∙s 2 )( 5184 s ) 2 ¿ = 1.084176 ∙ 10 22 m 3 0.00179248 m 3 kg = 6.048448 ∙ 10 24 kg Part II: Question 1: What factor, more than any other, do you think led to Jupiter having so many moons compared to the inner terrestrial planets? A. The Sun is far enough away from Jupiter that its heat is insufficient to melt icy particles orbiting the planet; these particles coalesced to form moons. B. Jupiter's rapid rotation was important in spinning off most of these moons from its surface. C. Jupiter has an extensive atmosphere from which these moons have been formed. D. The powerful gravitational field produced by Jupiter's large mass has allowed this planet to capture moons from the nearby asteroid belt. Question 2: The Galilean satellites, in order of decreasing diameter, are: A. Ganymede, Callisto, Io, Europa B. Ganymede, Io, Callisto, Europa C. Europa, Io, Callisto, Ganymede D. Io, Europa, Callisto, Ganymede

2.556 x 10 19 km 3 days 2 ≈ 2.397 x 10 19 km 3 days 2 2. The average distance between the Earth and the Sun is called the astronomical unit (AU), which is about 150 million km (1.5 x 10 8 km). Jupiter is 780 million km from the sun. a) How far is Jupiter from the sun in astronomical units (AU)? P jupiter = 7.8 ∙ 10 8 km AU earth from sun = 1.5 ∙ 10 8 km AU jupiter = 7.8 ∙ 10 8 1.5 ∙ 10 8 = 5.2 AU b) Based on your calculation in part a, how many Earth years does it take for Jupiter to orbit the sun in years? Show all work. P 2 = a 3  P 2 = 5.2 3 = 140.608 years P 2 = 140.608 years P = √ 140.608 years P = 11.8578 years It takes Jupiter 11.86 years to orbit the sun. 3. In the late nineteenth century astronomers knew the masses of Mars, Jupiter and Saturn quite accurately. However, the masses of Venus and Mercury were poorly determined. Why was this so? In the late nineteenth century, determining the masses of Venus and Mercury was challenging since Venus and Mercury lacked natural satellites. Natural satellites orbiting Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn allowed astronomers to calculate the masses of the planets due to the gravitational interactions of the planets and the satellites. Since Venus and Mercury didn’t have natural satellites, it made it much harder to calculate the masses. Questions related to Newtons Law: 4. Explain why it is that a car is experiencing acceleration as it moves around a curve at a constant speed. Acceleration is the derivative of velocity with respect to time: d v d t . Velocity is not a scalar quantity – it is a vector quantity, which means it has direction and magnitude. As the car goes around the curve, the direction changes, which influences the velocity vector. The speed is