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Astronomy Solar Lab EPCC Purpose : Learn about the sun’s solar dynamics. The Solar Basics: Review these chapter links to learn more about our Sun: • Astronomy (Chapter 15) ; Astronomy (Chapter 16) Questions – Concisely answer within three (3) sentences: 1. Sketch the interior of the sun and describe what each layer does. S 2. Describe how the sun’s hydrostatic equilibrium works in the sun. The hydrostatic equilibrium of the Sun represents a finely tuned equilibrium wherein the gravitational force, drawing material inward towards the core, is offset by the outward pressure produced by nuclear fusion reactions within its core. This equilibrium plays a vital role in upholding the Sun's stable form and preventing its collapse due to gravitational forces. Understanding NASA’s SDO mission. NOTE: DO NOT LOOK DIRECTLY AT THE SUN. We will use NASA data to analyze the sun’s surface features and dynamics. Go to the website to access this data: https://sdo.gsfc.nasa.gov/mission/ Plot Analysis (Refer to figure 1 and 2): In the menu bar, go to data, The sun now, and select EVE link. Once you see a graph with data plotted on it, look for a Time and Date section and input a start date 60 days prior to the current date. Input the current date for the end date, and select submit. Once 1

Astronomy Solar Lab EPCC you get a new plot, save it as a PNG file. From this file, identify and highlight a day with the highest irradiance. Figure 2: Enter today's date and the date of 30 days prior (blue arrows), click “submit” (red Figure 1: Select "data', "EVE Data" highlighted in arrow), then save the data plot as a PNG file red, and access the irradiance data. (black arrow) Analyzing Solar Activity: Go back to the main SDO website. Then go to main menu → select data→The Sun Now. Of the array of images for today’s date, select the following and save them as a JPG file: 171 Å, 1600 Å, HMI Colorized Magnetogram, Intensitygram and HMI Dopplergram. Use the following link to learn what each data image describes about our Sun: https://www.nasa.gov/missions/sdo/sun-science-stamps-highlight-a-decade-of-sun watching- from-space/ I n-situ solar image An image will be taken during class/lab of the Sun, which will be used to study the surface dynamics occurring on the Sun. Remember DO NOT LOOK DIRECTLY AT THE SUN . 2

Astronomy Solar Lab EPCC I mage and data submission In the table below, place those images and the plot you gathered from class and the website. Image of Sun (class/lab) • 171 Å (X- Ray) • 1600 Å (UV) • HMI Colorized Magnetogram • Intensitygram • HMI Dopplergram PNG Data Plot Questions – Answer concisely within two (2) sentences. You may use your own sketches to help illustrate your answers : 3

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