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Address to William Henry Harrison (Part 1)
Introduction
AUDIO
Tecumseh (1768–1813) was a Shawnee Native American chief. He dedicated himself to uniting myriad
tribes in order to create a strong and united front against the new settlers and founders of the Americas.
He strongly urged Native Americans to resist assimilation and maintain their culture and community. In
this speech, he confronts William Henry Harrison, an army general at the time who later served as the
ninth president of the United States. Tecumseh’s speech, although diplomatic in style, is laced with vivid
accounts of betrayal and intimations of retribution.
Vocabulary
boundary – cease – conduct – determination – explicitly – settle - treachery
Word
Definition
treachery
An act of harming or betraying someone who trusts you
Determination
The ability to keep trying to achieve a difficult goal
Settle
To resolve a problem or reach an agreement
Boundary
Something that marks a limit
Conduct
The way in which a person behaves
cease
To withdraw from or stop doing something
Explicitly
Directly stated
Read
1 Tecumseh’s Speech to Governor Harrison, 20 August, 1810 Brother, I wish you to listen to me well. I
wish to reply to you more explicitly as I think you do not clearly understand what I before said to you. I
shall explain it again. When we were first discovered, it was by the French, who told us that they would
adopt us as their children and gave us presents, without asking anything in return but our considering
them as our fathers. Since we have changed our fathers we find it different.
2 Brother, this is the manner that the treaty was made by us with the French. They gave us many
presents and treated us well, they asked us for a small piece of land to live on which they were not to
leave and continue to treat us as their children. After some time the British and French came to quarrel,
the British were victorious yet the French promised to think of us as their child and if they ever could,
serve us to do it: Now my red children I know I was obliged to abandon you in disagreeable
circumstances, but we have never ceased to look upon you and if we now could be of service to you we
would still be your friends.
3 The next father we found was the British who told us that they would now be our fathers and treat us
in the same manner as our former fathers the French. They would occupy the same land they did and
not trouble us on ours, but would look on us as their children.
4 Brother, we were very glad to hear the British promise to treat us as our fathers the French had done,
they began to treat us in the same way, but at last they changed their good treatment by raising the
tomahawk against the Americans and put it into our hands, by which we have suffered the loss of a great
many of our young men.
5 Brother, how we began to discover the treachery of the British; they never troubled us for our lands
but they have done worse by inducing us to go to war. The Hurons have particularly suffered during the
war and have at length become certain of it— they have told us we must bury the British tomahawk
entirely, that if we do not they (the British) would ere long ask us to take it up.
6 You ought to know that after we agreed to bury the tomahawk at Greenville we then found new
fathers in the Americans who told us they would treat us well, not like the British who gave us but a
small piece of pork every day.
7 I want now to remind you of the promises of the white people. You recollect that at the time the
Delawares lived near the white people (Americans) and were satisfied with the promises of friendship
and remained in security. Yet one of their towns was surprised and the men, women and children
murdered.
8 The same promises were given to the Shawnees. Flags were given to them and they were told by the
Americans that they were now children of the Americans. These flags will be as security for you; if the
white people intend to do you harm hold up your flags and no harm will be done to you. This was at
length practised and the consequence was that the person bearing the flag was murdered with others in
their village. How my Brother after this conduct can you blame me for placing little confidence in the
promises of our fathers the Americans?
9 Brother, since the peace was made you have killed some of the Shawnees, Winebagoes, Delawares and
Miamies and you have taken our lands from us, and I do not see how we can remain at peace with you if
you continue to do so. You have given goods to the Kickapoos for the sale of their land which has been
the cause of many deaths among them. You have promised us assistance but I do not see that you have
given us any.
10 You try to force the red people to do some injury. It is you that is pushing them on to do mischief. You
endeavour to make distinctions. You wish to prevent the Indians to do as we wish them: to unite and let
them consider their land common property of the whole.
11 You take tribes aside and advise them not to come into this measure and until our design is
accomplished we do not wish to accept your invitation to go and visit the President.
12 The reason I tell you this is—you want by your distinctions of Indian tribes in allotting to each a
particular track of land to make them to war with each other. You never see an Indian come and
endeavour to make the white people do so. You are continually driving the red people when at last you
will drive them into the great Lake where they can’t eat or stand or work.
Tecumseh’s Goals
Source
My inferences
Land preservation
Unite Indian natives}
Stop conflicts
He stated his goals to
governor harrison
His speech
His actions
He tries to persuade
about the importance
of native American land
He tries to unite the
natives and avoid
conflict
He was peace and no
conflict
QUESTIONS
1. Who does Tecumseh say first discovered the Native Americans?
he mentions that the Native Americans were first discovered by the French.
2. How did the British treat Native Americans differently from the French?
he discusses how the British treated Native Americans differently from the French. And how each of
them treated them differently
3. Who are the Shawnees, Winebagoes, Delawares, and Miamies?
In Tecumseh's speech, these tribes are mentioned in the context of their interactions with the United
States government and the challenges they faced, including land cessions and conflicts.
4. What does the passage below mainly reveal about the Native Americans’ negotiations with the new
Americans (paragraph 1)?
Brother, I wish you to listen to me well. I wish to reply to you more explicitly as I think you do not
clearly understand what I before said to you. I shall explain it again. When we were first
discovered, it was by the French, who told us that they would adopt us as their children and gave
us presents, without asking anything in return but our considering them as our fathers. Since we
have changed our fathers we find it different.
a.
The Americans have had a hard time understanding Tecumseh’s demands.
b.
Tecumseh is tired of trying to win back his land.
c.
Tecumseh hopes he can persuade the Americans to meet his demands
.
d.
The French were much more willing to negotiate with the Native Americans.
5. Which of the following selections best explains the attitude of the French toward the Native
Americans (paragraph 2)?
Brother, this is the manner that the treaty was made by us with the French. They gave us many
presents and treated us well, they asked us for a small piece of land to live on which they were
not to leave and continue to treat us as their children. After some time the British and French
came to quarrel, the British were victorious yet the French promised to think of us as their child
and if they ever could, serve us to do it: Now my red children I know I was obliged to abandon
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you in disagreeable circumstances, but we have never ceased to look upon you and if we now
could be of service to you we would still be your friends.
a.
They were afraid of the Native Americans.
b.
They respected the terms of their treaty with the Native Americans.
c.
They loathed them for limiting their access to land.
d.
They demanded that the Native Americans be of service to them.
6. The following passage (paragraph 5) mainly suggests that .
Brother, how we began to discover the treachery of the British; they never troubled us for our
lands but they have done worse by inducing us to go to war. The Hurons have particularly
suffered during the war and have at length become certain of it— they have told us we must
bury the British tomahawk entirely, that if we do not they (the British) would ere long ask us to
take it up.
a.
the British treated the Native Americans as well as the French had before
b.
the British were greedy and demanded more land
c.
the British were particularly cruel because they incited war amongst the Native Americans
d.
the British were most cruel to the Hurons
7. Which of these inferences about the Native American community is best supported by the passage
below (paragraph 10)?
You try to force the red people to do some injury. It is you that is pushing them on to do
mischief. You endeavour to make distinctions. You wish to prevent the Indians to do as we wish
them: to unite and let them consider their land common property of the whole.
a.
If it weren’t for the Americans, the Native American communities would have united.
b.
The Native Americans are unable to stand up to the Americans because they refuse to unite.
c.
The Americans were successful because they recognized that the Native Americans communities
were already hostile with each other.
d.
The Americans were successful because they encouraged divisions between the Native Americans.