Chapter 10 Review Questions
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Chapter 10 Review Questions
1.
In the 60s country music crossed over to the pop charts with artists like Buck Owens or
Merle Haggard. This new style of country music was called countrypolitan. The artist who
recorded the music countrypolitan is Patsy Cline. Her two biggest hits were "I Fall to
Pieces" and “Crazy.”
2. During the 50s, Ray Charles was a presence on the rhythm & blues charts but didn't have
crossover success until 1959, so he was never grouped with artists such as Chuck Berry, Little
Richard, or Fat Domino. Charles was never interested in being typecast as a rock n' roller and
never marketed to the teen market or a delimited market. The music Ray Charles created was
rhythm & blues. One of his biggest hits was "Georgia on My Mind". "What'd I Say", and "I'm
Moving On". "Ray Folly" was the label given to the album of country songs Charles wanted to
create.
3. Sam Cooke was a soul music pioneer who began his career as a gospel singer with a group
called Soul Stirrers. In 1956 Cooke began to perform secular music under the name "Dale
Cooke". The two songs we hear from Cooke are "You Send Me" and "A Change Is Gonna
Come" Cooke was forced to choose between the gospel world or the secular music world, he
chose the secular music world.
4. James Brown was known as "Soul Brother Number One". Brown wrote his first record
"Please, Please, Please" himself which was number 5 on the R&B charts in 1956. Brown put
politically charged messages in his records. One was "Say it Loud - I'm Black and I'm Proud"
which was about African Americans’ lives and experiences. Brown became an overtly political
figure. The song we hear from him is "Papa's Got a Brand New Bag" Brown's focus on rhythm
timbre, and complex interlocking polyrhythms are present in many of his songs and have been
cited as demonstrating his strong conceptual link with African music styles. Brown minimizes
and eliminates chord changes and the consequent deemphasis on harmony. This makes his
music sound "less Western.”
5. Like others in her time it took a while for Aretha Franklin to have a breakthrough in her
career. 1960-1966 She was a Columbia Records artist without much success. She eventually
went over to Atlantic Records who knew exactly what to do with her because of their R&B
background. Franklin came from a gospel music background. At the age of fourteen, she made
her first recording as a gospel singer. The political and social reverence of Aretha's music was
for civil rights, the height of the black power movement, and the empowerment of women. We
hear the song "Respect" recorded in 1967.
6. Tin Pan Alley lasted through the age of rock and roll because of the hit songs written for
Dionne Warwick. Other artists that were influenced by Tin Pan Alley were Jackie DeShannon
who recorded "What the World Needs Now is Love" and Fifth Dimension who recorded "One
Less Bell to Answer". These recordings were among the glories of the 1960s
7. Broadway became more controversial with amplified instruments. Composers wanted to
know if the revival attest to the musical's continued relevance. Hair and Jesus Christ Superstar
were some of the popular musicals but weren't traditional due to the controversy, nudity, and
drug use.
8. Bob Dylan born Robert Zimmerman established himself as an acoustic singer-songwriter in
New York City's urban folk scene. Dylan stood out for the remarkable quality of his original
songs that from the beginning reflected a strong gift for poetic imagery. He was a very
distinctive songwriter among urban folk artists and an epochal influence on the entirety of
American popular culture. At the 1965 Newport Folk Festival Dylan went "electric" when
performing "Like a Rolling Stone" which upset many folk purists who were appalled at the
assault on their home turf. We hear the song "Like A Rolling Stone". The song's message is
about how you can be a part of one society and at some point, no longer welcomed. I've heard
his song "Murder Most Foul" is his first number-one hit.
9. Paul Simon and Arthur Garfunkel known as the urban folk duo Simon & Garfunkel with a fine
acoustic album to their credit, Wednesday Morning, 3 A.M. that didn't cause any excitement in
the marketplace. They were influenced by Bob Dylan's electric style and went on to perform in
a folk-rock style. They were s duo and a popular act. They eventually broke up but would still
perform for special occasions, their songs are still popular today. Paul Simon was one of the
few singer-songwriters who would come to prominence in the 1960s and achieved his creative
peak later. He would later go on to produce such adventurous works of world music as
Graceland and The Rhythm of the Saints.
10. In 1960 the meeting of the culture surrounding new rock music with the political and social
discontents that largely defined the era resulted in a famous, if slippery, phenomenon: the
emergence of what was called the counterculture. Young people who listened to rock music
that supported the civil rights movement and opposed Vietnam were the typical members of
the counterculture. Also, the 1960s descendent of 1950s rock n' roll - was an essential part of
the definition of the counterculture. They were reacting to government policies and big industry.
They committed to anti-establishment values that included a variety of anarchist and libertarian
philosophies. Counterculture developed its fads, slang, and fashions. The Je
ff
erson Airplane
was a group that represented the counterculture.
11. Since it was the first album to be published in stereo, the record was special and
revolutionary. Additionally, it was the first album to use multitrack recording. The album was
also the first rock band's album to be nominated for the "Album of the Year Grammy." It's also
the first CD-released album. The album also was revolutionary in terms of ideas and
storytelling. The CD narrates this story and takes the listener on a musical trip. This was a
novel method of record production that contributed to a more immersive soundtrack. Since
they took a break from touring in 1966, the Beatles had time to focus on the recording and
create such an inventive album. This gave them additional time in the studio to experiment with
other sounds and production approaches.
12. The Rolling Stones "answer" to Sgt. Pepper was the album Their Satanic Majestic. They
were a controversial band and promoted their "bad boy" image by the release of the songs
"Street Fighting Man" and "Sympathy for the Devil. There was an association between Stones
and rock n' roll, violence, and Satanism were reinforced by the film Gimme Shelter.
13. Je
ff
erson Airplane, Janis Joplin, and The Grateful Dead came from the San Francisco rock
music scene. Their music was heard through FM radio played by local DJ Tom Donahue and
staged concerts by Bill Graham.
14. The Doors were one of the most controversial rock bands of the sixties. They were formed
in Los Angeles by UCLA film students Keyboardist Ray Manzarek and singer Jim Morrison;
along with drummer John Densmore and guitarist Robby Krieger. The Doors got their name
from Aldous Huxley a philosopher in 1954 who wrote the book The Doors of Perception. The
Doors never added a bass player, their sound was dominated by Manzarek's ornate electric
organ playing and Morrison's deep baritone voice and poetic, often obscure lyrics. "Light My
Fire" and "The End" were some of their biggest hits.
15. Motown's response to the counterculture was the Supremes Summer of Love hit in 1967
that opened with the sound of a strange repeated electronic beep. A more serious attempt was
in the records of the Temptations with "Cloud Nine" and other hits such as "Run Away Child,
Running Wild", "Papa Was A Rolling Stone", and Psychedelic Shack". Motown fused elements
of new rock and folk rock with the potent synthesis of pop and rhythm & blues that has always
characterized its music.
16. Jimi Hendrix's creative employment of feedback, distortion, and sound-manipulating
devices like the wah-wah pedal and the fuzz box were important additions to his music
technique. Hendrix was a sound sculptor who explored the borderline between traditional
conceptions of music and noise. The Jimi Hendrix experience showed his flamboyant style,
and his theatrics of playing his guitar with his teeth, behind his back, setting it on fire, and
praying to it. At Woodstock in 1969 Hendrix performed the American National Anthem.
17. Eric Clapton was the most influential of the young British guitarists who emerged during the
mid-1960s. He was influenced by the blues recordings of Robert Johnson and B.B. King. He
was first noticed as a member of the band Yardbirds. In 1966-1968 Clapton played in a band
called Cream. They exerted a major influence on early heavy metal music. Their performances
were more akin to avant-garde jazz than to pop music. Clapton was influenced by guitarist
Robert Johnson and covered his song “Crossroads".
18. The pop charts were ruled by Creedence even though they weren't influenced by the
counterculture, political turmoil, and Woodstock festivals. They were an old-fashioned rock n'
roll band, consisting of two guitarists, a bass player, and a drummer that performed original
material, untouched by the psychedelic era, exotic instruments, unusual guitar solos, and no
studio e
ff
ects. Creedence restored rock music and was the first widely successful "roots" rock
and roll band.
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