VUS 10 Curriculum Guide
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Virginia Commonwealth University *
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HIST-611
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Arts Humanities
Date
Jan 9, 2024
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Naren Senthilkumar
Period 4
VUS 10 Curriculum Guide
1.
Describe the Scopes Trial. https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/library/08/2/l_082_01.html
The trial was about challenging a newly passed Tennessee state law against teaching evolution or any other theory denying the biblical account of the creation of man. John Scopes, the 24-
year-old defendant, taught in the public high school in Dayton, Tenn., and included evolution in his curriculum. He agreed to be the focus of a test case attacking the new law, and was arrested for teaching evolution and tried with the American Civil Liberties Union backing his defense. His lawyer was the legendary Clarence Darrow, who, besides being a renowned defense attorney for labor and radical figures, was an avowed agnostic in religious matters. The state's attorney was William Jennings Bryan, a Christian, pacifist, and former candidate for the U.S. presidency. He agreed to take the case because he believed that evolution theory led to dangerous social movements. And he believed the Bible should be interpreted literally. The jury found Scopes guilty of violating the law and fined him $100.
2.
What is the significance of the 19
th
Amendment? What is a flapper? https://www.history.com/topics/roaring-twenties/flappers
Flappers of the 1920s were young women known for their energetic freedom, embracing a lifestyle viewed by many at the time as outrageous, immoral or downright dangerous. The 19
th
Amendment gave women the right to vote and opened up many freedoms to women. 3.
Describe the re-emergence of the Klan. https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/us-history/rise-to-world-power/1920s-america/a/
the-reemergence-of-the-kkk
The revival of the KKK in the 1920s was demonstrative of a society coping with the effects of industrialization, urbanization, and immigration. After the end of WWI, membership in the KKK skyrocketed from a few thousand to over 100,000 in a mere ten months. The Klan became a national organization. Their hatred expanded to people deemed not “truly” American.
4.
Describe the Red Scare. https://www.ushistory.org/US/47a.asp
The Bolsheviks murdered the entire royal family and slowly secured control of the entire nation. In the United States, a small group of radicals formed the communist labor party in 1919. Progressive and conservative Americans believed that labor activism was a menace to American society and must be squelched. From 1919 to 1920, Palmer conducted a series of raids on individuals he believed were dangerous to American security. With Palmer's sponsorship, the Federal Bureau of Investigation was created under the leadership of J. Edgar Hoover. The climate set by Palmer and Hoover could not be contained. Responsible Americans began to speak out against Palmer's raids and demand that American civil liberties be respected. By the summer of 1920, the worst of the furor had subsided.
Naren Senthilkumar
Period 4
5.
What was Prohibition? https://w
ww.khanacademy.org/humanities/us-history/rise-to-
world-power/1920s-america/a/prohibition
Prohibition was a nationwide ban on the sale and import of alcoholic beverages that lasted from
1920 to 1933. The roots of the temperance movement stretch all the way back to the early nineteenth century. Though the advocates of prohibition had argued that banning sales of alcohol would reduce criminal activity, it in fact directly contributed to the rise of organized crime. The Twenty-first Amendment, which repealed the Eighteenth Amendment, was ratified on December 5, 1933, conclusively ending the nation’s ban on the manufacture and distribution of alcohol. 6.
What was a Speakeasy? https://prohibition.themobmuseum.org/the-history/the-prohibition-
underworld/the-speakeasies-of-the-1920s/
A speakeasy was a private, unlicensed barroom that required a password to enter. They ranged from fancy clubs with jazz bands and ballroom dance floors to dingy backrooms, basements, and
rooms inside apartments. Speakeasies were generally ill-kept secrets, and owners exploited low-
paid police officers with payoffs to look the other way, enjoy a regular drink or tip them off about planned raids by federal Prohibition agents.
7.
Define Harlem Renaissance and identify Langston Hughes, Countee Cullen, Zora Neale Hurston, and Anne Spencer. https://www.history.com/topics/roaring-twenties/harlem-renaissance
https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poets/anne-spencer
The Harlem Renaissance was the development of the Harlem neighborhood in New York City as a Black cultural mecca in the early 20th Century and the subsequent social and artistic explosion that resulted. Langston Hughes was a well known black writer and poet. Zora Neale Hurston was
a black anthropologist and folklorist. Countee Cullen was young and successful black poet. Anne Spencer was a black poet that was born in Virginia.
8.
Go here: https://www.businessinsider.com/what-caused-the-great-depression#:~:text=While
%20the%20October%201929%20stock,contributed%20to%20the%20Great%20Depression
. Read the article and list and summarize the seven main causes of the Great Depression.
1. The speculative boom of the 1920s – People overspent and overinvested because they thought that there was a boom
2. Stock market crash of 1929 – The speculative boom led to a crash of the stock market
3. Oversupply and overproduction problems – Mass production happened as a result of the speculative boom, when the market crashed there was too much supply
4. Low demand, high unemployment – Consumers stopped spending because of the crash, and unemployment was high
5. Missteps by the Federal Reserve – The Federal Reserve raised interest rates, and this discouraged spending, the Federal reserve let troubled banks die which lost people money
6. A constrained presidential response – Hoover waited to respond to the crisis, and it was too little too late
Naren Senthilkumar
Period 4
7. An ill-timed tariff – The US put a tariff on foreign goods and other countries retaliated with their own tariffs
9.
How did the 1930s impact Labor Unions? https://www.loc.gov/classroom-materials/united-
states-history-primary-source-timeline/great-depression-and-world-war-ii-1929-1945/labor-
unions-during-great-depression-and-new-deal/#:~:text=In%201933%2C%20the%20number
%20of,5%20million%20a%20decade%20before.&text=The%20tremendous%20gains%20labor
%20unions,during%20the%20early%20New%20Deal
. In the early 1930s, as the nation slid toward the depths of depression, the future of organized labor seemed bleak. Although the future of labor unions looked grim in 1933, their fortunes would soon change. The tremendous gains labor unions experienced in the 1930s resulted, in part, from the pro-union stance of the Roosevelt administration and from legislation enacted by Congress during the early New Deal. o-union stance of the Roosevelt administration and from legislation enacted by Congress during the early New Deal. The National Industrial Recovery Act (1933) provided for collective bargaining. The 1935 National Labor Relations Act (also known as the Wagner Act) required businesses to bargain in good faith with any union supported by the majority of their employees. Meanwhile, the Congress of Industrial Organizations split from the AFL and became much more aggressive in organizing unskilled workers who had not been represented before. 10.
What happened in Flint? https://www.history.com/news/flint-sit-down-strike-general-motors-
uaw
Over 44 days in 1936 and 1937, members of the fledgling United Auto Workers union managed to bring an auto behemoth (GM) to its knees in a sit-down strike that became one of the most decisive victories in American labor history. Organizers decided to focus on the Fisher Body Plant
No. 1 in Flint, Michigan, home to 7,000 workers and the place where car bodies were made. 11.
What is a bank run? https://www.history.com/topics/great-depression/bank-
run#:~:text=Another%20phenomenon%20that%20compounded%20the,often%20leading%20to
%20bank%20failure
. Bank runs were when large numbers of anxious people withdrew their deposits in cash, forcing banks to liquidate loans and often leading to bank failure. Wealthy people were pulling their investment assets out of the economy, and consumers overall were spending less and less money. Bankruptcies were becoming more common, and peoples’ confidence in financial institutions such as banks was being rapidly eroded.
12.
To what extent was the New Deal discriminatory? What was the “Black Cabinet” (referred to as the Kitchen Cabinet in the SOLs)? https://livingnewdeal.org/tag/black-cabinet/
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Naren Senthilkumar
Period 4
Most New Deal programs reached out to include Native Americans, African Americans, Latinos, and Asians to an unprecedented degree. Other New Deal achievements baked in discriminatory policies. The Social Security and National Labor Relations Acts of 1935 made an exception for agricultural and domestic workers, effectively excluding African Americans and Chicanos as a result of compromises FDR made with Southern Democrats and Western Growers to get these programs through Congress. Nevertheless, FDR put African Americans into positions of power not seen since Reconstruction. A group of prominent African Americans were popularly known as FDR’s Black Cabinet. They included Lawrence Oxley, a high-ranking official in the Department of Labor; Mary McLeod Bethune, the director of the National Youth Administration’s Office of Negro Affairs; and Robert Weaver, who served as an economic advisor to the president. FDR also appointed William Hastie as the first-ever African-American federal judge.
13.
Describe the following New Deal Programs and if they were geared more toward relief, recovery, or reform: WPA, AAA, FDIC, Social Security. https://livingnewdeal.org/what-was-the-
new-deal/programs/
The WPA was geared more towards reform. It was made to fund state and local public works projects. It hired the unemployed directly and became the largest of all public works programs. The AAA was geared more towards recovery. It was an administration for price stabilization and income support through government purchases, marketing boards, and land retirement. The FDIC was geared more towards reform. It insured bank deposits against bank failure, up to a certain level. Social Security was geared more towards relief. It created a national system of pensions, unemployment insurance and aid to mothers with children.
Read here if you wish to learn more about why domestic workers were excluded from Social Security. https://www.ssa.gov/policy/docs/ssb/v70n4/v70n4p49.html#:~:text=Social%20Security%20Act-,The
%20Decision%20to%20Exclude%20Agricultural%20and%20Domestic,the%201935%20Social%20Security
%20Act&text=The%20Social%20Security%20Act%20of,of%20whom%20were%20African%20Americans
.