HUMA 1302 Chapter 2 Test

HUMANITIES 1302 TEST #2 ANSWER THE FOLLOWING MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS: (3 POINTS EACH) • Which of the following is the Greek term for city-state? • polis • akropolis • agora • politeia • Which of the following is the Greek term for a large open space that served as public meeting place, marketplace, and civic center? • polis • akropolis • metropolis • agora • Which of the following is the Greek term for the citadel that was located at the “top of the city” in Athens? • polis • metropolis • acropolis • colonnade • Which of the following is the Greek term used by Aristotle to describe “the good or flourishing life” in which each individual may pursue an “activity of soul in accordance with complete excellence”? • arête • pistis • energeia • eudaimonia • The early Greeks traced their heritage from the Aegean people of the Bronze Age byArchaiologia. What does “archaiologia” refer to? a. knowing the past b. examining objects dug up at ancient sites c. writing historical records d. painting narrative scenes about the past • What is the name of a group of more than 100 islands in the Aegean Sea that entered the larger ancient Aegean political orbit through trade with Crete? a. Olympia b. Cyprusthe

c. Cyclades d. Attica • Who was the legendary ruler of Crete’s ancient capital of Knossos, from which its distinct culture derives its name? • Priam • Minos • Aegeus • Agamemnon • What is suggested by the decorative frescoes found at Akrotiri, in the Cyclades, and in Minoan palaces on Crete? • Cycladic and Minoan culture shared mutual influence by the start of the second millennium. • Cultural similarities are connected to the practice of the same religious traditions. • These frescoes reflect the limitation of artists’ materials at the time. • The creative styles were limited by • According to legend, to what did the Minoan queen Pasiphae give birth after her union with the white bull? • A Minotaur • A dragon . • The Athenians • Minos • Why is the Mycenaean construction technique, like the one used to build the Lion Gate, referred to as “cyclopean masonry”? • It was believed by later Greeks that only a race of monsters known as the Cyclopes could have managed to build them . • The original form included a dedication to the Odysseus, who outsmarted the legendary Cyclopes. c. The single openings in their walls and buildings mirrored the single eye of the Cyclopes d. The stones were large, round and smooth cut to mimic Cyclopes’ eyes. • Who is considered the author of the Greek epics the Iliad and the Odyssey ? • Homer • Socrates • Plato • Aristotle • What result did Heinrich Schliemann’s discovery of Troy have for our understanding of the Homeric epics? • The discovery of Troy proved that the Homeric epics were pure fiction. • The discovery of Troy proved that the Homeric epics were pure historical fact. c. The discovery of Troy proved that the Homeric epics were grounded in history, mentioning historical places and

19. Which of the following words is derived from the Greek word meaning “rule of the people”? a. areté b. eudaimonia c. anarchy d. democracy 20. Following the decisive battle against the Persians in 490 BCE , between which two cities did Phidippides run 26 miles in order to deliver word of the Greek victory? a. Sparta and Corinth b. Marathon and Athens c. Persepolis and Rome d. Thebes and C arthage 21. What is significant about Herodotus? a. He was the first Greek historian, and his nine-volume Histories tells of Xerxes’ invasion of Greece . b. He was the primary strategist for Darius, recounting stories of military battles as strategic lessons. c. He was an Athenian statesman and general who saved Athens by predicting an attack. d. He was the founder of the political system of demes that eventually became a democracy. 22. Why was the Parthenon intended to be the centerpiece of the Athenian akropolis? a. To show the glory of its architect Perikles. b. To be a fitting memorial to Athena’s role in protecting the Athenian people in the Persian Wars . c. To commemorate their new allegiance to Xerxes as a feudatory of the Persian empire. d. To display the newly discovered stone from faraway lands. 23. Among the pre-Socratics in the fifth century BCE , what word did Leucippus use to describe the indivisible particles of which, he argued, everything is made? a. gnosis b. areté c. anarchy d. atom 24. What famous Greek dictum was coined by the Sophist Protagoras? • “To thine own self be true.” • “Man is the measure of all things.” • “What lies behind the world of appearance?” • “The universal author of all things is beautiful and right.”

25. In the ancient Greek theater, what term identifies the elevated platform on which the actors performed? • skene • proscenium • orchestra • parados 26. What imposing component was the kingdom of the Ganges rumored to have included that discouraged Alexander’s army from advancing into India? • 5,000 archers • 5,000 lancers • 5,000 elephants • 5,000 horse-drawn chariots 27. According to Aristotle’s Poetics , who undergoes catharsis (the cleansing, purification, or purgation of the soul)? • the protagonist • the antagonist • the chorus • the audience II. ANSWER THE FOLLOWING ESSAY QUESTIONS IN DETAIL. (4 POINTS EACH) 28. Using examples, explain the importance of areté among the ancient Greeks. This is a central concept in ancient Greek culture and refers to the idea of realizing one's full potential and character. Arete is not only physically strong but also morally and intellectually superior. 29. Considering the statement that Greek gods were “more human than humans,” discuss the traits of the deities that made them human-like and how this reflected Greek cultural values. The Greek gods are described with human-like characteristics, emotions, and feelings, making them relevant to human experience. They can show jealousy, love, anger and other emotions. We are unpredictable, calculating light cannot predict life. The humanization of these mythological locations was now possible with the Greek understanding that even these powerful physical beings faced emotional challenges and struggles that reflected the gentle experience of themselves. 30. Summarize the features and function that distinguish the kouros and the kore. Kouros and Kore are a type of ancient Greek sculpture. Kouros statues are male, often depicted as youthful, standing with one foot in front of the other and often nude. They represent ideal male beauty, strength and youth. On the other hand, this statue is of a woman, wearing a long dress and with a stif posture. They represent the ideal image of a young woman and are often associated with religious significance, such as symbols of fertility and piety. 31. Discuss the meaning of Perikles’ funeral speech that is recorded in Thucydides’ History of the Peloponnesian Wars, particularly saying that Athens was “the school of Hellas.” Pericles' funeral speech recorded by Thucydides emphasized the virtues and values of Athenian society. He praised Athens as "the school of Hellas". This is because Athens is considered a place where individuals can learn and fully develop their talents. Pericles emphasized Athens'