Module_7_Project_-_Rose_Sabins

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1 Statue of Liberty Rose Sabins HUM 100 Perspectives in the Humanities, Southern New Hampshire University Josh Alley October 10, 2023

2 The Statue of Liberty was created by Frenchman Édouard de Laboulaye and Frédéric- Auguste Bartholdi. The Statue of Liberty is one of the most famous sculptures in the world. The first time I seen the Statue of Liberty was in textbooks in high school U.S. history class. We vaguely talked about the Statue of Liberty and its history. We mainly talked about where the Statue of Liberty was constructed and assembled and when it was placed in New York between 1885 and 1886. The Statue of Liberty is one of the tallest statues or sculptures in the world standing 305’1” from the ground to the tip of the torch and 151’1” from the top of the base to the tip of the torch ( Statue Statistics - Statue of Liberty National Monument (U.S. National Park Service) , n.d.). The Statue of Liberty was made of copper that was 2.4 millimeters thick and has slowly started to wear down along with naturally oxidize turning the statue a green color ( Frequently Asked Questions About the Statue of Liberty - Statue of Liberty National Monument (U.S. National Park Service) , n.d.). The elements of the Statue of Liberty that stand out the most to me are the crown, torch, the tablet of law, and the shackles. The Statue of Liberty’s crown has seven rays that project towards the seven continents on Earth (Berenson, 2012). The Statue of Liberty’s torch is the main detail about the statue that people look at. The meaning of the torch in the Statue of Liberty’s hand to light the pathway to freedom ( Frequently Asked Questions About the Statue of Liberty – Statue of Liberty National Monument (U.S. National Park Service) , n.d.). The original torch was made of solid copper sheets and designed to shine in the daylight ( OveRview + History | Statue of Liberty , 2021). The original torch was removed from the statue in 1984 and replaced in 1986 with the current torch which is covered in 24k gold and copper ( Frequently Asked Questions About the Statue of Liberty – Statue of Liberty National Monument (U.S. National Park Service) , n.d.). The next detail about the Statue of Liberty is the broken shackles.

3 By the feet of the Statue of Liberty there are broken shackles to symbolize the abolishment of slavery or the freedom the slaves gained (Berenson, 2012). The last detail about the Statue of Liberty is the tablet of law in her left hand. On the tablet of law is a very important date to the United States which would be the day we declared independence from Great Britain ( Frequently Asked Questions About the Statue of Liberty – Statue of Liberty National Monument (U.S. National Park Service) , n.d.). Frédéric Bartholdi decided to use roman numerals to write the date July 4, 1776, to show support to the United States gaining their independence ( Frequently Asked Questions About the Statue of Liberty – Statue of Liberty National Monument (U.S. National Park Service) , n.d.). Everyone has different important characteristics of the Statue of Liberty but mine would have to be the tablet of law with the date of our independence and the broken shackles representing freedom in the United States. The creator(s) of the Statue of Liberty wanted to gift the statue to the United States in the early mentions but then one of the creators said no however it was gifted to the United States in the long run. Frenchman Édouard de Laboulaye said “If a monument should rise in the United States, as a memorial to their independence, I should think it only natural if it were built by united effort – a common work of both our nations” (Berenson, 2012). However, Frédéric Bartholdi ended up gifting the statue to the United States anyway. Laboulaye wanted to show his respect for the hundredth anniversary of the Declaration of Independence along with the close relationship between America and France ( OveRview + History | Statue of Liberty , 2021). With this information the creator(s) were intending to show their support for the United States by including one of our most important dates of July 4, 1776, and including the broken shackles on the foot of the statue to show the freedom from slavery. These creators were successful in

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4 showing their support for the United States with the gift of the Statue of Liberty also known as Liberty Enlightening the World . The Statue of Liberty has and will continue to impact the world. The Statue of Liberty is a sign of freedom, hope, and inspiration to many people all over the world ( OveRview + History | Statue of Liberty , 2021). One group that closely relates to the Statue of Liberty are immigrants. Around fourteen million immigrants entered the United States through the New York passageway between 1886 and 1924, the passageway goes right past the statue ( The Immigrant’s Statue – Statue of Liberty National Monument (U.S. National Park Service) , n.d.). The immigrants saw the statue as a sign of welcome with her torch held high in the sky ( The Immigrant’s Statue – Statue of Liberty National Monument (U.S. National Park Service) , n.d.). The immigrants also seen the statue as a symbol of hope for their dreams as they came into the United States ( The Immigrant’s Statue – Statue of Liberty National Monument (U.S. National Park Service) , n.d.). To this day the Statue of Liberty empowers wide ranges of different meanings to tons of different people. After September 11, 2001, the people of New York called upon the Statue of Liberty to express their rage, horror, and grief in the devastating attacks of the World Trade Center and the rest of the United States ( War and Liberty – Statue of Liberty National Monument (U.S. National Park Service) , n.d.). After the attack of September 11, 2001, the Statue of Liberty was shut down by the federal government due to safety issues (Barron & Ember, 2013). After three years the center base, observation deck and pedestal reopened after $6.7 million dollars in improvements for fire prevention and security issues (Barron & Ember, 2013). In 2009, the crown of the statue reopened on July 4 th (Barron & Ember, 2013). To this day the statue still gets shut down so they can do maintenance to preserve the statue and make sure it is safe for the public to view it. On October 29, 2011, the Statue of Liberty shut down for $27.25

5 million in renovations that were promised in 2009 but were not finalized until the summer of 2011 (Barron & Ember, 2013). My questions about the relationship between culture and expression 1. Why did Chinese immigrants disapprove of the Statue of Liberty? 2. Why were the women of the United States against the idea of Lady Liberty? My questions about my values and how they are shaped by the expression of others 1. Does the Statue of Liberty represent hope and freedom to me like it does for most Americans? 2. What does the Statue of Liberty symbolize for me and my family? The Statue of Liberty to me represents freedom and hope. Knowing that it was a gift from France in celebration of our independence from Great Britian along with our abolishment in slavery although the slavery stopped, we still had segregation which wasn’t much better. However, when I look at the statue it means much more than just a celebration of freedom from Britain and slave owners. To me the statue means equality for all the men and women no matter their color or race. Moving onto my second question, I come from a very patriotic family. I have or had many family members who served in the different branches of the military. So, with having family serve in the military so I can keep my freedom I am appreciative of the Statue of Liberty because she is a worldwide symbol of freedom. To find the answers to my questions relating to the relationship between culture and expression I would use the Shapiro Library, ProQuest eBook which was provided to me in module four. I will also pull-out key words from my questions. For my first question I would use key words such as Chinese immigrants, disapprove, and Statue of Liberty. For my second

6 question I would use key words such as United States, women, against, and Lady Liberty or Statue of Liberty. If these three things are not as useful as I hoped I would do a google search, but I would only look at .edu sites or .gov sites. Things I would study that might address my questions would how Chinese immigrants were treated. What was happening in the United States with women that made them against the Statue of Liberty. The Statue of Liberty relates to the humanities because of the impacts that the statue has or has had on the people of the world. For instance, the Statue of Liberty had a positive impact on immigrants between 1886 and 1924. I believe that it is important for humans to be able to express themselves through cultural works like art, music, poems, and more. With people being able to use art, music, and poems they can share their feelings with the world and Frenchman Édouard de Laboulaye and Frédéric- Auguste Bartholdi did just that with the Statue of Liberty. Laboulaye and Bartholdi wanted to express their support and compassion to the United States for the 100 th anniversary of our independence from Great Britian along with the abolishment of slavery. Bartholdi put the tablet of law in the left arm of the statue with the date July 4, 1776, inscribed in Roman numerals for the 100 th anniversary of the American independence (Berenson, 2012). Bartholdi also included broken shackles by the statues feet to show support and gratitude for the abolishment of slavery (Berenson, 2012). A resource that I encountered in this course that educated me for my explanation was given to me during module four would be an eBook on ProQuest. The resource given to me is The Statue of Liberty : A Transatlantic Story by Edward Berenson. The Statue of Liberty was created by Frédéric-Auguste Bartholdi was a fan of the freedom in America along with the abolishment of slavery completed in the United States. Bartholdi uses broken shackles to express his appreciation of the abolishment of the slavery we had in the United States. This still impacts todays world with many countries overseas and with

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7 the United States. We have been seeing many issues of racial inequality when it comes to some police forces. A resource that I encountered during this course would be the National Park Service which had multiple subcategories, one talking about the abolishment of slavery. The United States was segregated for more than a century after the Statue of Liberty was built. Even though to most of us the broken shackles are a powerful message the meaning behind the broken shackle was not relevant to African Americans in 1886 ( Abolition – Statue of Liberty National Monument (U.S. National Park Service) , n.d.). Human creative expression of cultural works can and still impact the world today. The Statue of Liberty still has the impact of hope, freedom, and inspiration. We had the attacks on September 11, 2001, which the Statue of Liberty stood through. After the attacks on September 11, 2001, the people of New York called upon the statue to express their grief, horror, and rage from the terrorist attacks happening in the United States ( War and Liberty – Statue of Liberty National Monument (U.S. National Park Service) , n.d.). The United States is still dealing with many issues of war and threats. The Statue of Liberty will also be there for people to look upon for hope and freedom.

8 Resources Abolition - Statue Of Liberty National Monument (U.S. National Park Service) . (n.d.). https://www.nps.gov/stli/learn/historyculture/abolition.htm Barron, J., & Ember, S. (2013, February 7). Statue of Liberty will close for a year to further improve safety. The New York Times . https://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/11/nyregion/statue-of-liberty-will-close-for-a-year-to- further-improve-safety.html Berenson, E. (2012). The Statue of Liberty : A Transatlantic Story . Yale University Press Frequently Asked Questions About the Statue of Liberty - Statue Of Liberty National Monument (U.S. National Park Service) . (n.d.). https://www.nps.gov/stli/planyourvisit/get-the- facts.htm#:~:text=What%20does%20the%20torch%20represent,%22Liberty %20Enlightening%20the%20World%22. OveRview + History | Statue of Liberty . (2021, August 23). Statue of Liberty & Ellis Island. https://www.statueofliberty.org/statue-of-liberty/overview-history/ Statue Statistics - Statue Of Liberty National Monument (U.S. National Park Service) . (n.d.). https://www.nps.gov/stli/learn/historyculture/statue-statistics.htm The Immigrant’s Statue - Statue Of Liberty National Monument (U.S. National Park Service) . (n.d.). https://www.nps.gov/stli/learn/historyculture/the-immigrants-statue.htm War and Liberty - Statue Of Liberty National Monument (U.S. National Park Service) . (n.d.). https://www.nps.gov/stli/learn/historyculture/war-and-liberty.htm#:~:text=The%20Statue %20of%20Liberty%20remained,grief%2C%20horror%2C%20and%20rage.

Module_7_Project_-_Rose_Sabins

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