Roper, Life of More
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Subject
Arts Humanities
Date
Oct 30, 2023
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Two
Early
Tudor
Lives
The
Life
and
Death
of
Cardinal
Wolsep
by
George
Cavendish
new
dayes
begers
new
tides;
Life
whirles
bout
fate,
then
to
a
graue
it
slydes.
@b’
lif
of
,
,@«
(Sir
Thomas
More,
in
the
play
e
t
/s
lr
fimafij}tm’t
of
that
name,
c.
1590)
by
William
Roper
Edited
by
Richard
S.
Sylvester
and
Davis
P.
Harding
NEW
HAVEN
AND
LONDON:
YALE
UNIVERSITY
PRESS
1962
-
e
Ve
A
The
Life
of
Sir
Thomas
fMore
ey
by
William
Roper
t
el
1
]
i
|
1A
|
.
|
Bl
A
Ak
"
o
ORASMUCH
AS
SIR
THOMAS
MORE,
KNIGHT,
sometime
Lord
Chancellor
of
England,
a
man
of
singular
virtue
and
of
a
clear,
unspotted
conscience,
as
witnesseth
Erasmus,
more
pure
and
white
than
the
whitest
snow,
and
of
such
an
angclical
wit
as
England
(he
saith)
never
had
the
like
before,
nor
never
shall
again,
universally,
as
well
in
the
laws
of
our
own
realm,
a
study
in
cffect
able
to
occupy
the
whole
life
of
a2
man,
as
in
all
other
sciences!
right
well
studied,
was
in
his
days
accompted®
a
man
worthy
perpetual
famous
mem-
ory:
I,
William
Roper,
though
most
unworthy,
his
son-in-law
by
marriage
of
his
cldest
daughter,®
knowing—at
this
dav—
no
one
man
living
that
of
him
and
of
his
doings
understood
so
much
as
myself,
for
that
I
was
continually
resident
in
his
house
by
the
space
of
sixtecn
years
and
morce,*
thoughe
it
therefore
my
part
to
set
forth
such
matters
touching
his
lifc
as
I
could
at
this
present
call
to
remembrance.
Among
which
things,
very
many
notable
things
(not
meet®
to
have
been
forgotten)
through
negligence
and
long
continu-
ance
of
time
arc
slipped
out
of
my
mind.
Yet
to
the
intent
the
same
should
not
all
utterly
perish,
I
have
at
the
desire
of
divers
worshipful
friends
of
mine,
though
very
far
from
the
grace
and
worthiness
of
them,
nevertheless
as
far
forth
as
my
mean
wit,
memory,
and
knowlcdgc
would
serve
me,
declared
so
much
thereof
as
in
my
poor
judgment
scemed
worthy
to
be
remembered.
This
Sir
Thomas
More,
after
he
had
been
brought
up
in
the
Latin
tonguc
at
Saint
Anthony’s®
in
London,
was
by
his
father’s”
procurement
reccived
into
the
house
of
the
right
1.
branches
of
knowledge.
2.
accounted.
3.
Margaret,
More's
favorite
daughter,
married
Roper
on
July
2,
1521,
4.
Since
More
was
executed
in
July
1535,
Roper
must
therefore
have
entered
his
service
in
the
year
1518.
He
was
then
about
twenty
years
old.
5.
fit,
proper.
6.
A
free
school
associated
with
the
Hospital
of
St.
Anthony.
7.
Judge
John
More
(14512-1530).
197
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198
LIFE
OF
SIR
THOMAS
MORE
reverend,
wise,
and
learned
prelate,
Cardinal
Morton.*
Where,
though
he
was
young
of
years,
yet
would
he
at
Christmas-tide
suddenly
sometimes
step
in
among
the
players,
and
never
studying
for
the
matrer,
make
a
part
of
his
own
there
presently
among
them,
which
made
the
lookers-on
more
sport
than
all
the
players
beside.
In
whose
wit
and
towardness
the
Cardinal
much
dclighting
would
often
say
of
him
unto
the
nobles
that
divers
times
dined
with
him,
“This
child
here
waiting
at
the
table,
whosocver
shall
live
to
see
it,
will
prove
a
marvellous
man.”
Whereupon
for
his
better
furtherance
in
learning,
he
placed
him
at
Oxford,
where
when
he
was
both
in
the
Greek
and
Latin
tongue
sufficiently
instructed,
he
was
then
for
the
study
of
the
law
of
the
rcalm
put
to
an
Inn
of
Chancery
called
New
Lo,
where
for
his
time
he
very
well
pmspcrcd,
and
from
thence
was
admitted
to
Lincoln’s
Inn,
with
very
small
allow-
ance,
continuing
there
his
study
until
he
was
made
and
ac-
compted
a
worthy
utter®
barrister.
After
this,
to
his
great
commendation,
he
read
for
a
good
space
a
public
lecture
of
Saint
Augustine,
De
Civitate
Dei,
in
the
Church
of
Saint
Lawrence
in
the
old
Jewry,
whereunto
there
resorted
Doctor
Grocyn,!
an
excellent
cunning
man,
and
all
the
chicef
learned
of
the
City
of
London.
Then
was
he
made
Reader
of
Furnival’s
Inn,?
so
rcmammg
by
the
space
of
three
years
and
more.
After
which
time
he
gave
himself
to
devotion
and
prayer
in
the
Charterhouse
of
London,?
religiously
living
there
with-
out
vow*
about
four
years,
until
he
resorted
to
the
house
of
one
Master
Colt,
a
gentleman
of
Essex,
that
had
oft
invited
him
thither,
having
three
daughters,
whose
honest
conversa-
tion®
and
virtuous
education
provoked
him
there
specially
to
set
his
affection.
And
albeit
his
mind
most
served
him
to
the
second
daughter,
for
that
he
thought
her
the
fairest
and
best
favored,
yet
when
he
considered
that
it
would
be
both
great
8.
Lord
Chancellor
of
England
(1487-1500).
More
entered
the
Car-
dinal’s
houschold
in
1490.
9.
fully
qualificd.
1.
Vicar
of
St.
Lawrence,
and
one
of
the
most
learned
men
of
his
time.
2.
An
Inn
of
Chancery
attached
to
Lincoln’s
Inn.
Reader:
ie.
a
fecturer
on
law.
3.
A
Carthusian
monastery.
4.
Religiously
.
.
.
vow:
ic.
he
never
took
orders
bur
did
participate
regularly
in
the
religious
life
of
the
community.
5.
behavior.
i
LIFE
OF
SIR
THOMAS
MORE
199
grief
and
some
shame
also
to
the
eldest
to
sce
her
younger
sister
in
marriage
preferred
before
her,
he
then
of
a
certain
pity
framed
his
fancy
towards
her,
and
soon
after
married
her®
—neverthemore
discontinuing
his
study
of
the
law
atr
Lin-
coln’s
Inn,
buc
applying
still
the
same,
“until
he
was
called
to
the
bench,
and
had
read”
there
twice,
which
is
as
often
as
ordinarily
any
judge
of
the
law
doth
read.
Before
which
time
he
had
placed
himself
and
his
wife
at
Bucklersbury
in
London,
where
he
had
by
her
three
daughrers
and
onc
son,
in
virtue
and
learning
brought
up
from
their
youth,
whom
he
would
often
exhort
to
take
virtue
and
learn-
ing
for
their
meat,
and
play
for
their
sauce.
Who,
ere
ever
he
had
been
reader
in
Court,®
was
in
the
latter
time
of
King
Flenry
the
Seventh
made
a
burgess
of
the
Parliament,
wherein
there
were
by
the
King
demanded
(as
T
have
heard
reported)
about
three-fiftcenths?
for
the
marriage
of
his
cldest
daughter,
that
then
should
be
the
Scot-
tish
queen;
at
the
last
debating
whercof
he
made
such
argu-
ments
and
reasons
there
against,
that
the
King’s
demands
thereby
were
clean
overthrown.
So
that
one
of
the
King’s
privy
chamber,
named
Master
Tyler,
being
present
thereat,
brought
word
to
the
King
out
of
the
Parliament
Housc
that
a
beardless
boy
had
disappointed
all
his
purpose.
Whereupon
the
King,
conceiving
great
indignation
towards
him,
could
not
be
smsficd
until
he
Ind
some
way
revenged
it.
And
forasmuch
as
he,
nothing
having,
nathing
could
lose,
his
grace
devised
a
cause-
less
quarrel
against
his
father,
keeping
him
in
the
Tower
until
he
had
made
him
pay
to
him
an
hundred
pounds
fine.
Shortly
hereupon
it
fortuncd?
that
this
Sir
Thomas
More,
coming
in
a
suit
to
Doctor
Foxe,
Bishop
of
Winchester,
one
of
the
King’s
privy
council,
the
Bishop
called
him
aside
and
prctcndmfT
great
favor
towards
him,
promised
him
chat
if
he
would
be
rulcd by
him
he
would
not
fail
into
the
King’s
favor
again
to
restore
him,
meaning,
as
it
was
after
conjectured,
to
6.
More’s
marriage
to
Jane
Colt
took
place
in,
or
shortdy
before,
January
1505.
She
died
in
1511,
More
remarried
almost
immediately,
this
time
2
widow,
Alice
Middleton,
the
“Damc
Alice”
of
the
biography.
7.
given
a
series
of
lectures.
8.
Inn
of
Court.
9.
A
personal
property
tax
amounting
to
three-fifteenths
of
the
value
of
the
property.
1.
chanced.
200
LIFE
OF
SIR
THOMAS
MORE
cause
him
thereby
to
confess
his
offense
against
the
King,
whereby
his
highness
might
with
the
better color?
have
occa-
sion
to
revenge
his
displeasure
against
him.
But
when
he
came
from
the
Bishop,
he
fell
in
communica-
tion
with
one
Master
Whitford,
his
familiar
friend,
then
chapliin
to
that
Bishop,
and
after
a
Father
of
Sion*
and
showed
him
what
the
Bishop
had
said
unto
him,
desiring
to
have
his
advice
thercin,
who
for
the
Passion
of
God
prayed
him
in
no
wise
to
follow
his
counsel.
“For
my
lord,
my
master,”
quoth
he,
“to
scrve
the
King’s
turn,
will
not
stick
to
agree
to
his
own
father’s
decath.”
So
Sir
Thomas
More
returned
to
the
Bishop
no
more.
And
had
not
the
King
soon
after
died,*
he
was
determined
to
have
gonc
over
the
sea,
thinking
that,
being
in
the
King’s
indignation,
he
could
not
live
in
England
without
great
danger.
After
this
he
was
made
one
of
the
undersheriffs®
of
London,
by
which
office
and
his
learning
together
(as
I
have
heard
him
say),
he
gained
without
gricf
not
so
little
as
four
hundred
pounds
by
the
year,
sith
there
was
at
that
time
in
none
of
the
prince’s
courts
of
the
laws
of
this
realm
any
matter
of
importance
in
controversy
wherein
he
was
not
with
the
one
part
of
counsel.
Of
whom,
for
his
learning,
wisdom,
knowl-
cdge,
and
experience,
men
had
such
estimation
that,
before
he
came
to
the
service
of
King
Henry
the
Lighth,
at
the
suit
and
instance
of
the
English
merchants,
he
was
by
the
King’s
consent
made
twice
ambassador
in
certain
great
causes
between
them
and
the
merchants
of
the
Stecl-yard.®
Whose
wise
and
discreet
dealing
therein,
to
his
high
commendation,
coming
to
the
King’s
understanding,
provoked
his
highness
to
cause
Cardinal
Wolsey,
then
Lord
Chanceller,
to
procurc
him
to
his
service.
And
albeit
the
Cardinal,
according
to
the
King’s
request,
carnestly
travailed”
with
him
therefore—among
many
other
his
persuasions
alleging
unto
him
how
dear
his
service
must
2.
appearance
of
right.
3.
Bridgettine
monastery
of
Sion
in
Middlesex.
4.
Henry
VII
died
in
April
1509.
5.
Important
executive
officials
responsible
to
the
High
Sheriff.
Their
duties
included
the
supervision
of
prisoners,
the
exccution
of
writs,
and
the
imposition
of
death-sentences.
6.
Hanscatic
League
colony
in
London.
7.
labored.
LIFE
OF
SIR
THOMAS
MORE
201
needs
be
unto
his
majesty,
which
could
not,
with
his
honor,
with
less
than
he
should
yearly
lose
thereby
scem
to
recom-
pense
him—yet
he,
loath
to
change
his
estate,
made
such
means
to
the
King
by
the
Cardinal
to
the
contrary®
that
his
grace
for
that
time
was
well
satisfied.
Now
happencd
there
after
this
a
great
ship
of
his
that
then
was
Pope
to
arrive
at
Southampton,
which
the
King
claiming
for
a
forfeiture,
the
Pope’s
ambassador,
by
suit
unto
his
grace,
obtained
that
he
might
for
his
master
the
Popc
have
counsel
learned
in
the
laws
of
this
realm,
and
the
matter
in
his
own
presence
(being
himself
a
singular
civilian)®
in
some
public
place
to
be
openly
heard
and
discussed.
At
which
time
there
could
none
of
our law
be
found
so
meet
to
be
of
counsel
with
this
ambassador
as
Sir
Thomas
More,
who
could
report
to
the
ambassador
in
Latin
all
the
reasons
and
arguments
by
the
learned
counsel
on
both
sides
alleged.
Upon
this,
the
counsellors
of
cither
part,!
in
presence
of
the
Lord
Chancellor
and
other
the
judges,
in
the
Star
Chamber*
had
audience
accordingly.
Where
Sir
Thomas
More
not
only
declared
to
the
ambassador
the
whole
effect
of
all
their
opin-
ions,
but
also
in
defense
of
the
Pope’s
side
argued
so
learnedly
himself
that
both
was
the
foresaid
forfeiture
to
the
Pope
restored,
and
himself
among
all
the
hearers,
for
his
upright
and
commendable
demeanor
therein
so
greatly
renowned,
that
for
no
entreaty
would
the
King from
thenceforth
be
induced
any
longer
to
forbear®
his
service.
At
whose
first
entry
there-
unto,
he
made
him
Master
of
the
Requests,*
having
then
no
better
room®
void,
and
within
a
month
after,
knight
and
one
of
his
privy
council.
And
so
from
time
to
time
was
he
by
the
prince
advanced,
continuing
in
his
singular
favor
and
trusty
service
twenty
8.
by
the
.
.
.
contrary:
ic.
the
Cardinal
conveyed
to
the
King
More's
reluctance
to
enter
the
royal
service.
9.
one
cspecially
well-versed
in
civil
law,
in
this
case
the
Popc’s
ambas-
sador.
1.
both
parties.
2.
A
famous
court
with
jurisdiction
chiefly,
though
notr
exclusively,
over
criminal
cases.
It
was
presided
over
by
the
King’s
Council.
Abolished
in
1641.
3.
dispense
with.
4.
ie.
Judge
in
the
Court
of
Requests,
sometimes
called
the
“Poor
Man’s
Court.”
The appointment
was
made
in
late
1517.
5.
office.
202
LIFE
OF
SIR
THOMAS
MORE
years
and
above—a
good
part
whereof
used
the
King
upon
holidays,
when
he
had
done
his
own
devotions,
to
send
for
him
into
his
traverse,®
and
there
sometime
in
matters
of
astronomy,
geometry,
divinity,
and
such
other
facultics,
and
sometimes
of
his
worldly
affairs,
to
sit
and
confer
with
him.
And
other
whiles
would
he
in
the
night
have
him
up
into
his
leads,”
there
for
to
consider
with
him
the
diversities,
courses,
motions,
and
operations
of
the
stars
and
plancts.
And
becausc
he
was
of
a
pleasant
disposition,
it
pleased
the
King
and
Queen
after
the
council
had
supped,
at
the
time
of
their
supper,
for
their
pleasure
commonly
to
call
for
him
to
be
merry
with
them.
Whom
when
he
perceived
so
much
in
his
talk
to
delight
that
he
could
not
once
in
a
month
get
leave
to
go
home
to
his
wife
and
children,
whose
company
he
most
desired,
and
to
be
absent
from
the
court
rwo
dny.;
together
but
that
he
should
be
thither
sent
for
again—he,
much
mis-
liking
this
restraint
of
his
liberty,
began
thereupon
somewhat
to
dissemble
his
nature,
and
so
by
little
and
little
from
his
former
accustomed
mirth
to
disuse
himself,
that
he
was
of
them
from
thenceforth
at
such
seasons
no
more
so
ordinarily
sent
for.
’
Then
died
one
Master
Weston,
Treasurer
of
the
Exchequer,
whose
office
after
his
death
the
King,
of
his
own
offer,
without
any
asking,
freely
gave
unto
Sir
Thomas
More.?
In
the
fourtecenth
year
of
his
grace’s
reign
was
therc
a
Parliament
holden,!
whercof
Sir
Thomas
More
was
chosen
Speaker.
Who,
being
very
loath
to
take
that
room
upon
him,
made
an
oration
(not
now
cxtant)
to
the
King’s
highness
for
his
discharge?
thercof.
Whereunto
when
the
King
would
not
consent,
he
spake
unto
his
grace
in
the
form
following:
Sith
I
perceive,
most
redoubted
Sovereign,
that
it
stand-
eth
not
with
your
high
pleasure
to
reform?
this
election
and
cause
it
to
be
changed,
but
have
by
the
mouth
of
the
6.
a
screened-off
apartment.
7.
lead
roof.
8.
disengage.
9.
A
mistake
on
Roper’s
part.
In
May
1521
More
was
made
Under-
Treasurer,
not
Treasurer,
of
the
Lxchequer.
Furthermore,
his
predecessor
was
not
Weston
but
Sir
John
Cutte.
1.
In
April
1523,
2.
relief
from
that
obligation
(to
be
Speaker).
3.
revoke.
daidaai
LIFE
OF
SIR
THOMAS
MORE
203
most
reverend
father
in
God,
the
legate,
your
highness’s
Chancellor,
thereunto
given
your
most
royal
assent,
and
have
of
your
benignity
derermined—far
above
that
I
may
bear—to
cnable
me,
and
for
this
office
to
rcpute
me
meet,*
rather
than
you
should
seem
to
impute
unto
your
Commons
that
they
had
unmeetly
chosen,
I
am
therefore,
and
always
shall
be,
rcady
obediently
to
conform
mysclf
to
the
accomplishment
of
your
high
commandment—in
my
most
humble
wise
beseeching
your
most
noble
majesty
that
I
may
with
your
grace’s
favor,
before
I
farther
enter
thereunto,
make
mine
humble
intercession
unto
your
highness
for
two
lowly
petitions:
the
one
privately
con-
cerning
myself,
the
other
the
whole
assembly
of
your
Common
House.
For
mvself,
gracious
Sovercign,
that
if
it
mishap
me?
in
anything
hereafter
that
is
on
the
behalf
of
your
Com-
mons
in
your
high
presence
to
be
declared,
ro
mistake
my
message,
and
in
the
lack
of
good
utterance,
by
my
mis-
rehearsal®
to
pervert
or
impair
their
prudent
instructions,
it
may
then
like
your
most
noble
majesty,
of
your
abun-
dant
grace,
with
the
eve
of
your
accustomed
pity,
to
pardon
my
simplencss—giving
me
leave
to
repair
again
to
the
Common
House
and
there
to
confer
with
them,
and
to
take
their
substantial
advice
what
thing
and
in
what
wise
[
shall
on
their
behalf
utter
and
speak
before
vour
noble
grace,
to
the
intent
their
prudent
devices
and
affairs
be
not
by
my
simpleness
and
folly
hindered
or
impaired.
Which
thing,
if
it
should
so
mishap,
as
it
were
well
likely
to
mishap
in
me,
if
your
gracious
benignity
relieved
not
my
oversighe,
it
could
not
fail
to
be
during
my
life
a
perpetual
grudge’
and
heaviness
to
my
heart.
The
help
and
remedy
whereof,
in
manner
aforesaid
re-
membered,
is,
most
gracious
Sovereign,
my
first
lowly
suit
and
humble
perition
unto
your
most
noble
grace.
Mine
other
humble
request,
most
excellent
prince,
is
this:
forasmuch
as
there
be
of
your
Commons,
here
by
4.
repute
me
meet:
declare
me
qualified.
5.
if
..
.
me:if
iis
my
bad
luck.
6.
misrepresentation.
7.
uneasiness.
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204
LIFE
OF
SIR
THOMAS
MORE
your
high
commandment
assembled
for
your
Parliament,
a
great
number
which
arc
after
the
accustomed
manner
appointed
in
the
Common
House
to
treat
and
advisc
of
the
common
affairs
among
themselves
apart;
and
albeir,
most
dear
liege-lord,
that
nccordmg
to
your
prudent
advice,
by
vour
honorable
writs
ever)f\vl‘erc
declared,
there
hath
been
as
duc
diligence
used
in
sending
up
to
your
highness’s
Court
of
Parliament
the
most
discreet
persons
out
of
every
quarter
that
men
could
estcem
meet
thercunto—whereby
it
is
not
to
be
doubted
but
that
there
is
a
very
substantial
asscmbly
of
right
wise
and
politick
persons;
yet,
most
victorious
prmcc,
sith
among
so
many
wise
men
neither
is
every
man
wise
alike,
nor
among
so
many
men,
like
well-
w1ttcd
every
man
like
well-
spol(cn.
And
it
often
happeneth
that,
lll(c\VlSC,
as
much
folly
is
uttered
with
painted,
polished
speech;
so
many
boisterous
and
rude
in
language
sce
decp
indeed,
and
give
right
substantial
counscl
And
sith
also
in
matters
of
great
importance,
the
mind
is
often
so
occupied
in
the
matter
that
a
man
rather
studieth
what
to
say
than
how,
by
reason
whercof
the
wisest
man
and
the
best
spoken
in
2
whole
country
for-
tuneth
among,®
while
his
mind
is
fervent
in
the
matter,
somewhat
to
speak
in
such
wise
as
he
would
afterward
wish
to
have
been
uttered
otherwise,
and
yet
no
worse
will
had
when
he
spake
it
than
he
hath
when
he
would
so
gladly
change
it;
therefore,
most
gracious
Sovereign,
considering
that
in
your
high
Court
of
Parliament
is
noth-
ing
cntreated®
but
matter
of
weight
and
importance
concerning
vour
realm
and
your
own
roval
estate,
it
could
not
fail
to
let?
and
put
to
silence
from
the
giving
of
their
advice
and
counsel
many
of
your
discreet
Com-
mons,
to
the
great
hindrance
of
the
common
affairs,
except
that
every
of
your
Commons
were
utterly
discharged®
of
all
doubt
and
fear
how
anything
that
it
should
lnppen
them
to
speak
should
happen
of
your
highness
to
be
8.
now
and
then.
9.
treated.
1.
hinder.
2.
relieved.
LIFE
OF
SIR
THOMAS
MORE
205
taken.*
And
in
this
point,
though
your
well
known
and
proved
benignity
putteth
every
man
in
right
good
hope,
yet
such
is
the
weight
of
the
matter,
such
is
the
reverend!
dread®
that
the
timorous
hearts
of
your
natural
subjects
conceive
toward
your
high
majesty,
our
most
redoubted
King
and
undoubted
Sovereign,
that
they
cannot
in
this
point
find
themselves
satisfied,
except
your
gracious
bounty
therein
declared
put
away
the
scruple
of
their
timorous
minds,
and
animate
and
encourage
them,
and
put
them
out
of
doubt.
It
may
therefore
like
your
most
abundant
grace,
our
most
benign
and
godly
King,
to
give
all
your
Commons
here
assembled
your
most
gracious
license
and
pardon,
freely,
without
doubt
of
your
dreadful
displeasure,
every
man
to
discharge
his
conscience,
and
boldly
in
every
thing
incident
among
us
to
declare
his
advice.
And
whatsoever
happen
any
man
to
say
that
it
may
likc
your
noble
majesty,
of
your
inestimable
goodness,
to
take
all
in
good
part,
interpreting
every
man’s
words,
how
uncunningly®
soever
they
be
couched,
to
proceed
yet
of
good
zeal
towards
the
profit
of
your
realm
and
honor
of
your
royal
person,
the
prosperous
estate
and
preservation
whereof,
most
excellent
Sovereign,
is
the
thing
which
we
all,
your
most
humble
loving
subjects,
according
to
the
most
bounden
duty
of
our
natural
allegiance,
most
highly
desire
and
pray
for.
At
this
Parliament
Cardinal
Wolsey
found
himself
much
gricved
with
the
burgesses
thereof,
for
that
nothing
was
so
soon
done
or
spoken
therein
but
that
it
was
immediately
blown
abroad
in
every
alehouse.
It
fortuned
at
that
Parliament
a
very
great
subsidy”
to
be
demanded,
which
the
Cardinal
fearing
would
not
pass
the
Common
House,
determined
for
the
fur-
therance
thereof
to
be
personally
present
there.
Before
whose
coming,
after
long
debating
there,
whether
it
were
better
but
3.
interpreted.
4.
reverenced.
5.
fear.
6.
unskilfully.
7.
money
granted
by
Parliament
to
the
Crown
to
meet
specific
needs.
206
LIFE
OF
SIR
THOMAS
MORE
with
a
few
of
his
lords
(as
the
most
opinion
of
the
house
was)
or
with
his
whole
train
royally
to
receive
him
there
amongst
them—*“Masters,”
quoth
Sir
Thomas
More,
“foras-
much
as
my
Lord
Cardinal
lately,
ye
wot
well,
laid
to
our
charge
the
lightness*
of
our
tongues
for
things
uttered
out
of
this
house,
it
shall
not
in
my
mind
be
amiss
with
all
his
pomp
to
receive
him,
with
his
maces,
his
pillars,
his
pole-axes,
his
crosses,
his
hat,
and
Great
Seal,
too—to
the
intent,
if
he
find
the
like
fault
with
us
hercafter,
we
may
be
the
bolder
from
ourselves
to
lay
the
blame
on
those
that
his
grace
bringeth
hither
with
him.”
Whereunto
the
house
wholly
agreeing,
he
was
received
accordingly.
Where,
after
that
he
had
in
a
solemn
oration
by
many
reasons
proved
how
necessary
it
was
the
demand
there
moved
to
be
granted,
and
further
showed
that
less
would
not
serve
to
maintain
the
prince’s
purpose,
he—secing
the
company
sitting
still
silent,
and
thereunto
nothing
answering
and
con-
trary
to
his
expectation
showing
in
themselves
towards
his
requests
no
towardness
of
inclination,®
said
unto
them:
“Masters,
you
have
many
wise
and
learned
men
among
you,
and
since
I
am
from
the
King’s
own
person
sent
hither
unto
vou
for
the
prescrvation
of
yourselves
and
all
the
realm,
1
think
it
meet
you
give
me
some
reasonable
answer.”
Whereat
every
man
holding
his
peace,
then
began
he
to
speak
to
one
Master
Marney,
after
Lord
Marney:
“How
say
you,”
quoth
he,
“Master
Marney?”
Who
making
him
no
answer
neither,
he
severally
asked
the
same
question
of
divers
others
accompted
the
wisest
of
the
company.
To
whom,
when
none
of
them
all
would
give
so
much
as
one
word,
being
before
agreed,
as
the
custom
was,
by
their
speaker
to
make
answer—“Masters,”
quoth
the
Cardinal,
“unless
it
be
the
manncr
of
your
house,
as
of
likelihood
it
is,
by
the
mouth
of
your
speaker,
whom
you
have
chosen
for
trusty
and
wise,
as
indeed
he
is,
in
such
cases
to
utter
your
minds,
here
is
without
doubt
a
marvellous
obstinate
silence.”
And
thereupon
he
required
answer
of
Master
Speaker.
Who
8.
looseness.
9.
towardness
of
inclination:
readiness
to
accede
(to
Wolsey's
requests).
LIFE
OF
SIR
THOMAS
MORE
207
first
reverently
upon
his
knecs
excusing
the
silence
of
the
house,
abashed
at
the
presence
of
so
noble
a
personage,
able
to
amaze!
the
wisest
and
best
learned
in
a
realim,
and
after
by
many
probable
arguments
proving
that
for
them
to
make
answer
was
it
neither
expedient
nor
agrecable
with
the
ancient
liberty
of
the
house,
in
conclusion
for
himsclf
showed
that
though
they
had
all
with
their
voices
trusted
him,
vet
except
every
one
of
them
could
put
into
his
one
head
all
their
several
wits,?
he
alone
in
so
weighty
a
matter
was
unmeet?
to
make
his
grace
answer.
Whereupon
the
Cardinal,
displeased
with
Sir
Thomas
Morc,
that
had
not
in
this
Parliament
in
all
things
satisfied
his
desire,
suddenly
arose
and
departed.
And
after
the
Parliament
ended,
in
his
gallery
at
Whitchall
in
Westminster,
uttered
unto
him
his
griefs,
saying:
“Would
to
God
vou
had
been
at
Rome,
Master
More,
when
1
made
you
Speaker!”
“Your
grace
not
offended,
so
would
I
too,
my
lord,”
quoth
he.
And
to
wind
such
quarrels
out
of
the
Cardinal’s
head,
he
began
to
talk
of
that
gallery
and
said:
“I
like
this
gallery
of
yours,
my
lord,
much
better
than
your
gallery
at
Hampton
Court.”
Wherewith
so
wiscly
brake
he
off
the
Cardinal’s
displeasant
talk
that
the
Cardinal
at
that
present
(as
it
seemed)
wist!
not
what
more
to
say
to
him.
But
for
revengement
of
his
displeasurc
counselled
the
King
to
send
him
ambassador
into
Spain,
commending
to
his
highness
his
wisdom,
learning,
and
meetness
for
that
voyage;
and,
the
difficuley
of
the
cause
considered,
none
was
there,
he
said,
so
well
able
to
serve
his
grace
therein.
Which,
when
the
King
had
broken
to
Sir
Thomas
More,
and
that
he
had
declared
unto
his
grace
how
unfit
a
journey
it
was
for
him,
the
nature
of
the
country
and
disposition
of
his
complexion®
so
disagrecing
together,
that
he
should
never
be
likely
to
do
his
grace
acceptable
service
there,
knowin
right
well
that
if
his
grace
sent
him
thither,
he
should
send
him
1.
confound.
2.
minds.
3.
unqualificd.
4.
knew.
3.
More
apparently
felt
that
the
Spanish
climate
might
fatally
affect
his
constitution
(“complexion”).
208
LIFE
OF
SIR
THOMAS
MORE
to
his
grave.
But
showing
himself
nevertheless
ready,
according
to
his
duty
(all
were
it
with
the
loss
of
his
life),
to
fulfill
his
grace’s
pleasure
in
that
behalf.
The
King,
allowing
well®
his
answer,
said
unto
him:
“It
is
not
our
meaning,
Master
More,
to
do
you
hurt,
but
to
do
you
good
would
we
be
glad.
We
will
therefore
for
this
purpose
devise
upon some
other,
and
employ
your
service
otherwise.”
And
such
entire
favor
did
the
King
bear
him
that
he
made
him
Chancellor
of
the
Duchy
of
Lancaster
upon
the
death
of
Sir
Richard
Wingfield,”
who
had
thar
office
before.
And
for
the
pleasure
he
took
in
his
company
would
his
grace
suddenly
sometimes
come
home
to
his
house
at
Chelsea
to
be
merry
with
him.
Whither
on
a
time,
unlooked
for,
he
came
to
dinner
to
him;
and
after
dinner,
in
a
fair
garden
of
his,
walked
with
him
by
the
space
of
an
hour,
holding
his
arm
about
his
neck.
As
soon
as
his
grace
was
gone,
I,
rejoicing
thereat,
told
Sir
Thomas
More
how
happy
he
was,
whom
the
King
had
so
familiarly
entertained,
as
I
never
had
seen
him
to
do
to
any
other
except
Cardinal
Wolsey,
whom
I
saw
his
grace
once
walk
with,
arm
in
arm.
“I
thank
our
Lord,
son,”
quoth
he,
“I
find
his
grace
my
very
good
lord
indeed;
and
I
believe
he
doth
as
singularly
favor
me
as
any
subject
within
this
realm.
Howbeit,
son
Roper,
I
may
tell
thee
I
have
no
cause
to
be
proud
thereof,
for
if
my
head
could
win
him
a
castle
in
France
(for
then
was
there
war
between
us)
it
should
not
fail
o
go.”
This
Sir
Thomas
More,
among
all
other
his
virtues,
was
of
such
meekness
that,
if
it
had
fortuned
him
with
any
learned
men
resorting
to
him
from
Oxford,
Cambridge,
or
elsewhere,
as
there
did
divers,®
some
for
desire
of
his
acquaintance,
some
for
the
famous
report
of
his
wisdom
and
learning,
and
some
for
suits
of?
the
universities,
to
have
entered
into
argument
(wherein
few
were
comparable
unto
him)
and
so
far
to
have
discoursed
with
them
therein
that
he
might
perceive
they
6.
allowing
well:
accepting
as
satisfactory.
7.
Interestingly
enough,
shortly
after
he
arrived
in
Spain,
Sir
Richard
(who
replaced
More
on
the
mission)
was
taken
ill
in
Toledo
and
died
there
in
July
1525.
More
succeeded
him
as
Chancellor
of
the
Duchy
in
the
same
year.
8.
on
sundry
occasions.
9.
suits
of:
petitions
from.
LIFE
OF
SIR
THOMAS
MORE
209
could
not,
without
some inconvenience,
hold
out
much
further
disputation
with
him,
then
lest
he
should
discomfort
them—
as
he
that
sought
not
his
own
glory
but
rather
would
seem
conquered
than
to
discourage
students
in
their
studies,
ever
showing
himself
more
desirous
to
learn
than
to
teach—would
he
by
some
witty
device
courteously
break
off
into
some
other
matter
and
give
over.
Of
whom
for
his
wisdom
and
learning
had
the
King
such
an
opinion
that
at
such
time
as
he
attended
upon
his
highness,
taking
his
progress!
either
to
Oxford
or
Cambridge,
where
he
was
recetved
with
very
eloquent
orations,
his
grace
would
always
assign
him,
as
one
that
was
prompt
and
ready
therein,
ex
tempore
to
make
answer
thercunto.
Whose
manner
was,
whensoever
he
had
occasion
cither
here
or
beyond
the
sea
to
be
in
any
university,
not
only
to
be
present
at
the
readings
and
disputations
there
commonly
used,
bur
also
learnedly
to
dispute
among
them
himself.
Who
being
Chancellor
of
the
Duchy
was
made
ambassador
twice,
joined
in
commission
with
Cardinal
Wolsey—once
to
the
Empcror
Charles
into
Flanders,
the
other
time
to
the
French
King
into
France.
Not
long
after
this,
the
Water-bailly
of
London,?
sometime
his
servant,
hearing
(where
he
had
been
at
dinner)
certain
merchants
liberally®
to
rail
against
his
old
master,
waxed
so
discontented
therewith
that
he
hastily
came
to
him
and
rold
him
what
he
had
heard.
“And
were
I,
sir,”
quoth
he,
“in
such
favor
and
authority
with
my
prince
as
you
are,
such
men
surely
should
not
be
suffered
so
villainously
and
falscly
to
misreport
and
slander
me.
Wherefore
I
would
wish
vou
to
call
them
before
you,
and
to
their
shame
for
their
lewd*
malice
to
punish
them.”
Who,
smiling
upon
him,
said:
“Why,
Master
Woater-bailly,
would
you
have
me
punish
those
by
whom
I
receive
more
benefit
than
by
you
all
that
be
my
friends?
Let
them,
a
God’s
name,
speak
as
lewdly
as
they
list
of
me
and
shoot
never
so
many
arrows
at
me.
As
long
as
they
do
not
hit
me,
what
am
I
1.
formal
state
journey.
2.
An
important
official,
one
of
four
attendants
upon
the
Lord
Mayor
of
London.
3.
unrestrainedly.
4.
villainous.
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210
LIFE
OF
SIR
THOMAS
MORE
the
worse®
But
if
they
should
once
hit
me,
then
would
it
indeed
not
a
little
trouble
me.
Howbeit
[
trust,
by
God's
help,
there
shall
none
of
them
all
once
be
able
to
touch
me.
I
have
more
cause,
I
assure
thee,
Master
Water-bailly,
to
pity
them
than
to
be
angry
with
them.”
Such
fruitful
communication
had
he
oft-times
with
his
familiar
friends.
So
on
a
time,
walking
with
me
along
the
Thames-side
at
Chelsea,®
in
talking
of
other
things
he
s2id
unto
me:
“Now
would
to
our
Lord,
son
Roper,
upon
condition
that
three
things
were
well
established
in
Christendom,
1
were
put
in
a
sack
and
here
presently
cast
into
the
Thames.”
“What
great
things
be
those,
sir,”
quoth
I,
“that
should
move
you
so
to
wish?”
“Wouldst
thou
know
what
they
be,
son
Roper?”
quoth
he.
“Yea,
marry,
with
good
will,
sir,
if
it
please
you,”
quoth
L.
“In
faith,
son,
they
be
these,”
said
he.
“The
first
is
that
where
the
most
part
of
Christian
princes
be
at
mortal
war,
they
were
all
at
an
universal
peace.
The
second,
that
where
the
Church
of
Christ
is
at
this
present
sore
afflicted
with
many
errors
and
heresies,
it
were
settled
in
a
perfect
uniformity
of
religion.
The
third,
that
where
the
King’s
matter
of
his
mar-
riage
is
now
come
in
question,
it
were
to
the
glory
of
God
and
quietness
of
all
parts
brought
to
a
good
conclusion,”
Whereby,
as
I
could
gather,
he
judged
that
otherwise
it
would
be
a
disturbance
to
a
great
part
of
Christendom,
Thus
did
it
by
his
doings
throughout
the
whole
course
of
his
life
appear
that
all
his
travail
and
Ppains,
without
respect
of
earthly
commoditiest
either
to
himself
or
any
of
his,
were
only
upon
the
service
of
God,
the
prince,
and
the
realm,
wholly
bestowed
and
employed.
Whom
1
hcard
in
his
later
time
to
say
that
he
never
asked
the
King
for
himself
the
value
of
one
penny.
As
Sir
Thomas
More’s
custom
was
daily,
if
he
were
at
home,
besides
his
private
prayers,
with
his
children
to
say
the
Seven
5.
The
site
of
More's
beloved
country
estate.
In
his
day
Chelsea
was
about
ten
miles
up
the
Thames
River
from
the
City
of
London.
All
contemporary
authors
who
allude
in
any
dewil
to
the
estate
rhapsodize
over
its
idyllic
setting
and
character.
6.
benefits
or
profits.
LIFE
OF
SIR
THOMAS
MORE
211
Psalms,
Litany
and
Suffrages
following,
so
was
his
guisce”
nightly
before
he
went
to
bed,
with
his
wife,
children,
and
household,
to
go
to
his
chapel
and
there
upon
his
knees
or-
dinarily
to
say
certain
psalms
and
collects®
with
them.
And
because
he
was
desirous
for
godly
purposes
sometime
to
be
solitary,
and
sequester
himself
from
worldly
company,
a
good
distance
from
his
mansion
house
builded
he
a
place
called
the
New
Building,
wherein
there
was
a
chapel,
a
library,
and
a
gallery.
In
which,
as
his
use
was
upon
other
days
to
occupy
himself
in
prayer
and
study
together,
so
on
the
Friday
there
usually
continued
he
from
morning
to
cvening,
spending
his
time
only
in
devout
prayers
and
spiritual
exerciscs.
And
to
provoke®
his
wife
and
children
to
the
desire
of
heavenly
things,
he
would
sometimes
use
these
words
unto
them:
“It
is
now
no
mastery’!
for
you
children
to
go
to
heaven,
for
everybody
giveth
you
good
counscl,
evervbody
giveth
you
good
example—you
sce
virtue
rewarded
and
vice
pun-
ished.
So
that
you
are
carried
up
to
heaven
even
by
the
chins.
But
if
you
live
the
time
that
no
man
will
give
vou
good
counsel,
nor
no
man
will
give
you
good
example,
when
you
shall
see
virtue
punished
and
vice
rewarded,
if
vou
will
then
stand
fast
and
firmly
stick
to
God,
upon
pain
of
my
life,
though
you
be
but
half
good,
God
will
allow
you
for
whole
good.”
If
his
wifc
or
any
of
his
children
had
been
discased
or
troubled,
he
would
say
unto
them:
“We
may
not
look
at
our
pleasure
to
go
to
heaven
in
featherbeds.
It
is
not
the
way,
for
our
Lord
himself
went
thither
with
great
pain
and
by
nany
tribulations,
which
was
the
path
wherein
he
walked
cthither.
For
the
servant
may
not
look
to
be
in
better
case
than
his
master.”
And
as
he
would
in
this
sort
persuade
them
to
take
their
troubles
patiently,
so
would
he
in
like
sort
teach
them
to
withstand
the
devil
and
his
temptations
valiantly,
saying:
“Whosoever
will
mark
the
devil
and
his
temptations
shall
find
him
therein
much
like
to
an
ape.
For,
like
as
an
ape,
7.
custom.
8.
short
prayers.
9.
stimulate.
1.
achievement.
212
LIFE
OF
SIR
THOMAS
MORE
not
well
looked
unto,
will
be
busy
and
bold
to
do
shrewd
turns®
and
contrariwise,
being
spied,
will
suddenly
leap
back-
ward
and
adventure
no
farther,
so
the
devil
finding
2
man
idle,
slothful,
and
without
resistance
ready
to
receive
his
temp-
tations,
waxeth
so
hardy
that
he
will
not
fail
still
to
continue
with
him
until
to
his
purpose
he
have
thoroughly
brought
him.
But,
on
the
other
side,
if
he
sce
a
man
with
diligence®
persevere
to
prevent
and
withstand
his
temptations,
he
waxeth
s0
weary
that
in
conclusion
he
utterly
forsaketh
him.
For
as
the
devil
of
disposition
is
a
spirit
of
so
high
a
pride
that
he
cannot
abide
to
be
mocked,
so
is
he
of
nature
so
envious
that
he
fearcth
any
more
to
assault
him,
lest
he
should
thereby
not
only
catch
a
foult
fall
himsclf
but
also
minister
to
the
man
more
matter
of
merit.”
Thus
delighted
he
evermore
not
only
in
virtuous
exercises
to
be
occupied
himself,
but
also
to
exhort
his
wife,
children,
and
houschold
to
embrace
and
follow
the
same.
To
whom
for
his
notable
virtue
and
godliness,
God
showed,
as
it
seemed,
a
manifest
miraculous
token
of
his
special
favor
towards
him,
at
such
time
as
my
wife,
as
many
other
that
year
were,
was
sick
of
the
sweating
sickness.>
Who,
lving
in
so
great
extremity
of
that
discase
as
by
no
invention
or
devices
that
physicians
in
such
cases
commonly
use
(of
whom
she
had
divers
both
cxpert,®
wise,
and
well-learned,
then
continually
about
her)
she
could
be
kept
from
sleep.
So
that
both
phy-
sicians
and
all
other
there
despaired
of
her
recovery
and
gave
her
over.
Her
father,
as
he
that
most
entirely
tendered?
her,
being
in
no
small
heaviness
for
her,
by
praver
at
God’s
hand
sought
to
get
her
remedy.
Whereupon
going
up,
after
his
usual
manner,
into
his
foresaid
New
Building,
there
in
his
chapel,
upon
his
knees,
with
tears
most
devoutly
besought
almighty
God
that
it
would
like
His
goodness,
unto
whom
nothing
was
impos-
2.
shrewd
turns:
harmful
ericks.
3.
@
man
with
diligence:
ic.
the
diligent,
wary
man.
4.
ignominious.
5.
A
terrible
epidemic
discase,
which
swept
England
periodically
during
the
fifeeenth
and
sisteenth
centuries
and
later;
characterized
by
heavy
sweating
and
a
general
debility.
The
incidence
of
death
was
extremely
high.
6.
experienced.
7.
loved.
|
i
bkl
s
hiabbnidd
maddol
ik
LIFE
OF
SIR
THOMAS
MORE
213
sible,
if
it
were
His blessed
will,
at
his
mediation
to
vouchsafe
graciously
to
hear
his
humble
petition.
Where
incontinent®
came
into
his
mind
that
a
clyster®
should
be
the
only
way
to
help
her.
Which,
when
he
told
the
physicians,
they
by
and
by!
confessed
tha,
if
there
were
any
hope
of
health,
that
was
the
very
best
help
indeed,
much
marvelling
of
themselves
that
they
had
not
before
remembered
it.
Then
was
it
immediately
ministered
unto
her
sleeping,
which
she
could
by
no
means
have
been
brought
unto
waking.
And
albeit
after
that
she
was
thereby
thoroughly
awaked,
God’s
marks,®
an
evident
undoubted
token
of
death
plainly
appeared
upon
her,
yet
she,
contrary
to
all
their
expectations,
was
as
it
was
thought
by
her
father’s
fervent
prayer
miraculously
recov-
ered,
and
at
length
again
to
perfect
health
restored.
Whom,
if
it
had
pleased
God
at
that
time
to
have
taken
to
His
mercy,
her
father
said
he
would
never
have
meddled
with
worldly
matters
after.
3
Now
while
Sir
Thomas
More
was
Chancellor
of
the
Duchy,
the
See
of
Rome
chanced
to
be
void,
which
was
cause
of
much
trouble.
For
Cardinal
Wolsey,
a
man
very
ambitious
and
desirous
(as
good
hope
and
likelihood
he
had)
to
aspire
unto
that
dignity,
perceiving
himself
of
his
expectation
dis-
appointed,
by
means
of
the
Emperor
Charles?
so
highly
com-
mending
one
Cardinal
Adrian,*
sometime
his
schoolmaster,
to
the
cardinals
of
Rome,
in
the
time
of
their
election,
for
his
virtue
and
worthiness,
that
thereupon
was
he
chosen
Pope.
Who
from
Spain
where
he
was
then
resident,
coming
on
foot
to
Rome,
before
his
entry
into
the
city,
did
put
off
his
hosen
and
shoes,
barefoot
and
barelegged
passing
through
the
streets
towards
his
palace
with
such
humbleness
that
all
the
people
had
him
in
great
reverence—Cardinal
Wolsey,
1
say,
waxed
50
wood®
therewith
that
he
studied
to
invent
all
ways
of
revengement
of
his
grief
against
the
Emperor;
which,
as
it
8.
all
of
a
sudden.
9.
enema.
1.
by
and
by:
immediately.
2.
visible
marks
of
the
plague.
3.
Charles
V,
1500-1558.
He
became
Emperor
of
the
Holy
Roman
Empire
in
June
1519.
.
4.
Adrian
VI,
1459-1523.
He
was
clected
Pope
in
January
1522.
5.
waxed
so
wood:
became
so
angry.
222
LIFE
OF
SIR
THOMAS
MORE
the
law,
by
reason
of
their
office,
most
especially
appertained
—would
upon
reasonable
considerations
by
their
own
discre-
tion,
as
they
were
as
he
thought
in
conscience
bound,
mitigate
and
reform
the
rigor
of
the
law
themsclves,
there
should
from
thenceforth
by
him
no
more
injunctions
be
granted.
Where-
unto
when
they
refused
to
condescend,”
then
said
he
unto
them:
“Forasmuch
as
yourselves,
my
lords,
drive
me
to
that
necessity
for
awarding
out
injunctions
to
relieve
the
people’s
injury,
you
cannot
hereafter
any
more
justly
blame
me.”
After
that
he
said
secretly
unto
me:
“I
perecive,
son,
why
they
like
not
so
to
do,
for
they
see
that
they
may
by
the
verdict
of
the
jury
cast
off
all
quarrels
from
themselves
upon
them,
which
they
accompt®
their
chief
defense.
And
therefore
am
I
compcelled
to
abide
the
adventure?
of
all
such
reports.”
And
as
little
leisure
as
he
had
to
be
occupied
in
the
study
of
Holy
Scripture
and
controversies
upon
religion
and
such
other
virtuous
exercises,
being
in
manner
continually
busied
about
the
affairs
of
the
King
and
the
realm,
yet
such
watch®
and
pain,
in
setting
forth
of
divers
profitable
works
in
defense
of
the
true
Christian
religion
against
heresics
secretly
sown
abroad
in
the
realm,
assuredly
sustained
he,?
that
the
Bishops—
to
whosc
pastoral
care!
the
reformation
thereof
principally
appertained—thinking
themselves
by
his
travail,
wherein
by
their
own
confession
they
were
not
able
with
him
to
make
comparison,
of
their
dutics
in
that
behalf
discharged;
and
considering
that
for
all
his
prince’s
favor
he
was
no
rich
man
nor
in
yearly
revenues
advanced
as
his
worthiness
deserved—
therefore,
at
a
convocation
among
themselves
and
other
of
the
clergy,
they
agreed
together
and
concluded
upon
a
sum
of
four
or
five
thousand
pounds
at
the
least,
to
my
remem-
brance,
for
his
pains
to
recompense
him.
To
the
payment
whereof
every
bishop,
abbot,
and
the
rest
of
the
clergy
were
—after
the
rate
of
their
abilities—liberal
contributorics,
hoping
this
portion
should
be
to
his
contentation.
Whereupon
Tunstal,
Bishop
of
Durham,
Clerk,
Bishop
of
5.
assent.
6.
reckon.
7.
risk.
8.
vigilance.
9.
assuredly
.
.
.
be:
he
maintained
with
such
assurance.
1.
spiritual
jurisdiction.
LIFE
OF
SIR
THOMAS
MORE
223
Bath,
and
as
far
as
I
can
call
to
mind,
Vaysey,
Bishop
of
Exe-
ter,*
repaired
unto
him,
declaring
how
thankfully
for
his
trav-
ails,
to
their
discharge
in
God’s
causc
bestowed,
they
reckoned
themsclves
bounden
to
consider
him.
And
that
albeir
they
could
nor,
according
to
his
deserts
so
worthily
as
they
gladly
would,
requite
him
therefore,
but
must
reserve
that
only
to
the
goodness
of
God,
yet
for
a
small
part
of
recompense
(in
respect
of
his
estate
so
unequal
to
his
worthiness)
in
the
name
of
their
whole
convocation
they
presented
unto
him
that
sum,
which
they
desired
him
to
take
in
good
part.®
Who,
forsaking*
it,
said,
that
like
as
it
was
no
small
comfort
unto
him
that
so
wise
and
learned
men
so
well
accepted
his
simple
doings,
for
which
he
never
intended
to
reccive
reward
but
at
the
hands
of
God
only,
to
whom
alone
was
the
thank
thereof
chiefly
to
be
ascribed,
so
gave
he
most
humble
thanks
to
their
honors
all,
for
their
so
bountiful
and
friendly
con-
sideration.
When
they
for
all
their
importune
pressing
upon
him,
that
few
would
have
went®
he
could
have
refused
it,
could
by
no
means
make
him
to
take
it,
then
besought
they
him
to
be
content
yet
that
they
might
bestow
it
upon
his
wife
and
children.
“Not
so,
my
lords,”
quoth
he,
“I
had
rather
see
it
all
cast
into
the
Thames
than
T
or
any
of
mine
should
have
thereof
the
worth
of
one
penny.
For
though
your
offer,
my
lords,
be
indeed
very
friendly
and
honorable,
yet
sct
1
so
much.
by
my
pleasure
and
so
little
by
my
profit
that
I
would
not,
in
good
faith,
for
so
much,
and
much
more
too,
have
lost
the
rest
of
so
many
nights’
sleep
as
was
spent
upon
the
same.
And
yet
wish
would
I,
for
all
that,
upon
condition
that
all
heresies
were
suppressed,
that
all
my
books
were
burned
and
my
labor
ucterly
lost.”
Thus
departing
were
they
fain
to
restore
unto
every
man
his
own
again.
This
Lord
Chancellor,
albeit
he
was
to
God
and
the
world
well-known
of
notable
virtue,
though
not
so
of
every
man
considered,
yet
for
the
avoiding
of
singularity
would
he
2.
For
Tunstal
and
Clerk,
see
above,
p.
215,
n.
5.
John
Vaysey
or
Vey-
sey
was
Bishop
of
Exeter
from
1519
to
1551,
and
from
1553
to
1554.
3."in
good
pars:
without
offense.
4.
declining.
5.
supposed.
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[
224
LIFE
OF
SIR
THOMAS
MORE
appear
none
otherwise
than
other
men
in
his
apparel
and
other
behavior.
And
albeit
outwardly
he
appeared
honorable
like
one
of
his
calling,
yet
inwardly
he,
no
such
vanitics
esteeming,
secretly
next
his
body wore
a
shirc
of
hair.
Which
my
sister
More,$
a
young
gentlewoman,
in
the
summer
as
he
sat
at
supper
singly”
in
his
doublet
and
hose,
wearing
thereupon
a
plain
shirt
without
ruff
or
collar,
chancing
to
spy
began
to
laugh
ar
it.
My
wife,
not
ignorant
of
his
manner,
perceiving
the
same,
privily
told
him
of
it.
And
he,
being
sorry
that
she
saw
it,
presently
amended
it.
He
used
also
sometimes
to
punish
his
body
with
whips,
the
cords
knotted,
which
was
known
only
to
my
wife,
his
eldest
daughter,
whom
for
her
sccrecy
above
all
other
he
specially
trusted,
causing
her
as
need
required
to
wash
the
same
shirt
of
hair.
Now
shortly
upon
his
entry
into
the
high
office
of
the
chan-
cellorship,
the
King
yet
cftsoons®
again
moved
him
to
weigh
and
consider
his
great
matter.
Who,
falling
down
upon
his
knees,
humnbly
besought
his
highness
to
stand
his
gracious
sovereign,
as
he
ever
since
his
entry
into
his
grace’s
service
had
found
him,
saying
there
was
nothing
in
the
world
had
been
so
grievous
unto
his
heart
as
to
remember
that
he
was
not
able,
as
he
willingly
would,
with
the
loss
of
one
of
his
limbs—for
that
matter
anything
to
find
whereby
he
could,
with
his
con-
science
safely,
serve
his
grace’s
contentation,
as
he
that
always
bore
in
mind
the
most
goodly
words
that
his
highness
spake
unto
him
at
his
first
coming
into
his
noble
service,
the
most
virtuous
lesson
that
ever
prince
taught
his
servant,
willing
him
first
to
look
unto
God,
and
after
God
to
him.
As
in
good
faith
he
said
he
did,
or
clse
might
his
grace
well
accompt®
him
his
most
unworthy
servant.
To
this
the
King
answered
that
if
he
could
not
thercin
with
his
conscience
serve
him,
he
was
content
to
accepr
his
service
otherwise.
And
using
the
advice
of
other
of
his
learned
council,
whose
consciences
could
well
enough
agree
therewith,
would
nevertheless
continue
his
gracious
favor
6.
Anne
Cresacre,
wife
of
More's
son,
John.
7.
simply.
8.
yet
eftsoons:
soon
aftcrwards.
9.
reckon.
LIFE
OF
SIR
THOMAS
MORE
225
towards
him
and
never with
that
matter
molest
his
conscience
after.
]
o
Bur
Sir
Thomas
More
in
process
of
time,
secing
the
King
fully
determined
to
procecd
forth
in
the
marriage
of
Qucen
Anne
and
when
he
with
the
bishops
and
nobles
of
the
higher
house
of
Parliament
were,
for
the
furtherance
of
that
marriage,
commanded
by
the
King
to
go
down
to
the
Common
Housc
to
show
unto
them
both
what
the
universities,
as
well
of
other
parts
beyond
the
seas
as
of
Oxford
and
Cambridge,
had
done
in
that
behalf,
and
their
seals
also
testifying
the
same—
all
which
matters,
at
the
King’s
request,
not
showing
of
what
mind
himself
was
therein,
he
opened
to
the
lower
house
of
the
Parliament.
Nevertheless,
doubting!
lest
further
attempts
after
should
follow
which,
contrary
to
his
conscience,
by
reason
of
his
office
he
was
likely
to
be
put
unto,
he
made
suit
unto
the
Duke
of
Norfolk,
his
singular?
dear
friend,
to
be
a
mcan”
to
the
King
that
he
might,
with
his
grace’s
favo_r,
be
dls_chargcd
of
that
chargeable
room*
of
the
chancellorshlp.whercm,
for
cer-
tain
infirmities
of
his
body,
he
pretended
himself
unable
any
longer
to
serve.
]
o
This
Duke,
coming
on
a
time
to
Chelsea
to
dine
\ylth
.hlm,
fortuned
to
find
him
at
the
church,
singing
in
the
choir,
with
a
surplice
on
his
back.
To
whom
after
servic'c
&l
they
went
homeward
together,
arm-in-arm,
the
I?uke
said:
Goq
body,
‘God
body,
my
Lord
Chancellor,
a
parish
clerk!
You
dishonor
the
King
and
his
office.”
N
“Nay,”
quoth
Sir
Thomas
More,
smx}lng
upon
the
Duke:
“Your
grace
may
not
think
that
the
K{ng,
your
master
and
mine,
will
with
me
for
serving
of
God,
his
master,
be
offended
or
thereby count
his
office
dishonored!”
o
)
When
the
Duke,
being
thereunto
often
solicited,
PJ)’
impor-
tunate
suit
had
at
length
of
the
King
obtained
for
Sir
Thqmas
More
a
clear
discharge
of
his
office,
then
at
a
time
convenient,
by
his
highness’s
appointment,
repfxired
he'
to
his
grace
to
yield
up
unto
him
the
Great
Seal.*
Which
as
his
grace,
with
thanks
1.
fearing.
2.
intimate.
3.
be
&
mzean:
act
as
an
intercessor.
4.
chargeable
room:
burdensome
office.
.
5.
emblematic
of
the
authority
of
the
High
Chancellor.
226
LIFE
OF
SIR
THOMAS
MORE
and
praise
for
his
worthy
service
in
that
office,
courteously
at
his
hands
received,
so
pleased
it
his
highness
further
to
say
unto
him
that,
for
the
service
that
he
before
had
done
him,
in
any
suit
which
he
should
after
have
unto
him
that
cither
should
concern
his
honor
(for
that
word
it
liked
¢
his
highness
to
use
unto
him)
or
that
should
appertain
unto
his
profit,
he
should
find
his
highness
good
and
gracious
lord
unto
him.
After
he
had thus
given
over
the
chancellorship”
and
placed
all
his
gentlemen
and
yeomen
with
bishops
and
noblemen,
and
his
eight
watermen
with
the
Lord
Audeley,
that
in
the
same
office
succeeded
him,
to
whom
also
he
gave
his
great
barge;
then,
calling
us
all
that
were
his
children
unto
him
and
asking
our
advice
how
we
might
now
in
this
decay
of
his
ability*—by
the
surrender
of
his
office
so
impaired
that
he
could
not,
as
he
was
wont
and
gladly
would,
bear
out
the
whole
charge?
of
them
all
himself—from
thenceforth
be
able
to
live
and
continue
together,
as
he
wished
we
should.
When
he
saw
us
silent
and
in
that
case
not
ready
to
show
our
opinions
to
him—“Then
will
L”
said
he,
“show
my
poor
mind
unto
you.
I
have
been
brought
up,”
quoth
he,
“at
Oxford,
at
an
Inn
of
Chancery,
at
Lincoln’s
Inn,
and
also
in
the
King’s
court—and
so
forth
from
the
lowest
degree
to
the
highest;
and
yet
have
T
in
yearly
revenues
at
this
present
left
me
little
above
an
hundred
pounds
by
the
year.
So
that
now
must
we
hereafter,
if
we
like!
to
live
together,
be
contented
to
become
contributaries
together.
But,
by
my
counsel,
it
shall
not
be
best
for
us
to
fall
to
the
lowest
fare
first.
We
will
not,
therefore,
descend
to
Oxford
fare,
nor
to
the
fare
of
New
Inn.
But
we
will
begin
with
Lincoln’s
Inn
dict,
where
many
right
worshipful
and
of
good
years
do
live
full
well.
Which,
if
we
find
not
ourselves
the
first
year
able
to
maintain,
then
will
we
the
next
year
go
one
step
down
to
New
Inn
fare,
wherewith
many
an
honest
man
is
well
con-
tented.
If
that
exceed
our
ability
too,
then
will
we
the
next
vear
after
descend
to
Oxford
fare,
where
many
grave,
learned,
and
ancient
fathers
be
continually
conversanit.?
Which,
if
our
6.
pleased.
7.
More
resigned
from
the
Chancelorship
in
May
1532,
Sir
Thomas
Audeley
succeeded
hint
and
served
until
1544,
8.
wealth,
cstate.
9.
expenses.
L
wish.
2.
dwelling.
LIFE
OF
SIR
THOMAS
MORE
227
power
stretch
not
to
maintain
neither,
then
may
we
yet,
with
bags
and
wallets,
go
a-begging
together,
and
hoping
that
for
pity
some good
folk
will
give
us
their
charity,
at
every
man’s
door
to
sing
Salve
Regina,*
and
so
still
keep
company
and
be
merry
togcther.”
And
whercas
you
have
heard
before,
he
was
by
the
King
from
a
very
worshipful
living
taken
into
his
grace’s
service,
with
whom
in
all
the
great
and
weighty
causes
that
concerned
his
highness
or
the
realm,
he
consumed
and spent
with
painful
cares,
travails,
and
troubles
as
well
beyond
the
seas
as
within
the
realm,
in
effect
the
whole
substance
of
his
life,
vet
with
all
the
gain
he
got
thereby,
being
never
wasteful
spender
thereof,
was
he
not
able
after
the
resignation
of
his
office
of
the
Lord
Chancellor,
for
the
maintenance
of
himself
and
such
as
neces-
sarily
belonged
unto
him,
sufficiently
to
find
meat,
drink,
fuel,
apparel,
and
such
other
necessary
charges.
All
the
land
that
ever
he
purchased,
which
also
he
purchased
before
he
was
Lord
Chancellor,
was
not,
I
am
well
assured,
above
the
value
of
twenty
marks
by
the
year.
And
after
his
debts
paid
he
had
not,
I
know,
his
chain®
excepted,
in
gold
and
silver
left
him
the
worth
of
onc
hundred
pounds.
And
whereas
upon
the
holidays
during
his
high
chancellor-
ship
one
of
his
gentlemen,
when
service
at
the
church
was
done,
ordinarily
used
to
come
to
my
Lady
his
wife’s
pew
and
say
unto
her,
“Madam,
my
lord
is
gone,”—the
next
holiday
after
the
surrender
of
his
office
and
departure
of
his
gentlemen,
he®
came
unto
my
Lady
his
wife’s
pew
himself,
and
making
a
low
curtsy,
said
unto
her:
“Madam,
my
lord
is
gone!”
In
the
time
somewhat
before
his
trouble,
he
would
talk
with
his
wife
and
children
of
the
joys
of
heaven
and
the
pains
of
hell,
the
lives
of
holy
martyrs,
of
their
grievous
martyrdoms,
of
their
marvellous
patience,
and
of
their
passions
and
deaths
that
they
suffered
rather
than they
would
offend
God.
And
what
an
happy
and
blessed
thing
it
was,
for the
love
of
ng,
to
suffer
loss
of
goods,
imprisonment,
loss
of
lands,
and
lifc
also.
He
3.
“Hail
Holy
Queen,”
a
very
popular
medieval
hymn
to
the
Virgin.
4,
The
chain
of
gold
worn
abour
the
neck
was
the
symbol
of
high
civic
office.
5.
italics
mine.
e
=
e
pa—
37
228
LIFE
OF
SIR
THOMAS
MORE
would
further
say
unto
them
that,
upon
his
faith,
if
he
might
perceive
his
wife
and
children
would
encourage
him
to
die
in
a
good
cause,
it
should
so
comfort
him
that,
for
very
joy
thereof,
it
would
make
him
merrily
run
to
death.
He
showed
unto
them
afore
what
trouble
might
after
fall
unto
him.
Wherewith
and
the
like
virtuous
talk
he
had
so
long
before
his
trouble
encouraged
them
that
when
he
after
fell
into
the
trouble
in-
deed,
his
trouble
to
them
was
a
great
deal
the
less,
Quia
spicula
previsa
minus
laedunt.s
Now
upon
this
resignment
of
his
office
came
Master
Thomas
Cromwell,”
then
in
the
King’s
high
favor,
to
Chelsca
to
him
with
2
message
from
the
King.
Wherein
when
they
had
thor-
oughly
commoned
*
together,
“Master
Cromwell,”
quoth
he,
“you
are
now
entered
into
the
service
of
a
most
noble,
wise,
and
liberal
prince.
If
you
will
follow
my
poor
advice,
you
shall,
in
your
counsel-giving
unto
his
grace,
ever
tell
him
what
he
ought
to
do
but
never
what
he
is
able
to
do.
So
shall
you
show
yourself
a
true
faithful
servant
and
a
right
worthy
counsellor.
For
if
a
lion
knew
his
own
strength,
hard
were
it
for
any
man
to
rule
him.”
Shortly
thereupon
was
there
a
commission
directed
to
Cran-
mer,?
then
Archbishop
of
Canterbury,
to
determine
the
matter
of
the
matrimony
between
the
King
and
Quecen
Catherine
at
Saint
Albans,
where
according
to
the
King’s
mind
it
was
thor-
oughly
determined.
Who,
pretending
he
had
no
justice
at
the
Pope’s
hands,
from
thenceforth
sequestered
himself
from
the
See
of
Rome,
and
so
married
the
Lady
Anne
Boleyn.!
Which
Sir
Thomas
More
understanding,
said
unto
me:
“God
give
6.
“Because
anticipated
spears
hurt
less.”
7.
Thomas
Cromwell,
1485?-1540.
From
a
middle
class
status,
Cromwell
rose
rapidly
and
with
ruthless
efficiency
until
he
was
appointed
Sccretary
in
1534.
He
is
most
notorious
for
the
part
he
played
in
the
Dissolution
of
the
Monasterics
and
the
subsequent
distribution
of
Church
lands
and
valuables.
Artainted
for
treason
in
1540,
he
was
beheaded
on
July
28
of
the
same
year.
8.
held
familiar
discourse.
9.
Thomas
Cranmer,
Archbishop
of
Canterbury
from
1533
to
15%6.
In
both
a
theological
and
literary
sense,
one
of
the
prime
architects
of
the
Reformation
in
England.
He
was
burned
at
the
stake
during
the
reign
of
Queen
Mary.
1.
Anne
and
Henry”
VIII
were
secretly
married
about
January
25,
1533.
On
June
1,
she
was
crowned
Queen
of
England.
LIFE
OF
SIR
THOMAS
MORE
229
grace,
son,
that
these
matters
within
a
while
be
not
confirmed
with
oaths.”
1,
ar
that
time
seeing
no
likelihood
thercof,
yet
fearing
lest
for
his
forespeaking
it
would
the
sooner
come
to
pass,
waxed
therefore
for
his
so
saying
much
offended
with
him.
It
forruned
not
long
before
the
coming
of
Queen
Anne
through
the
streets
of
London
from
the
Tower
to
Westmin-
ster
to
her
coronation
that
he
received
a
letter
from
the
Bishops
of
Durham,
Bath,
and
Winchester,
requesting
him
both
to
keep
them
company
from
the
Tower
to
the
coronation
and
also
to
take
twenty
pounds
that
by
the
bearer
thereof
they
had
sent
him
to
buy
him
a
gown
with.
Which
he
thankfully
receiving,
and
at
home
still
tarrying,
at
their
next
meeting
said
merrily
unto
them:
“My
lords,
in
the
letters
which
you
lately
sent
me,
you
required
two
things
of
me;
the
one
whereof,
sith
I
was
so
well
content
to
grant
you,
the
other
therefore
I
might
be
the
bolder
to
deny
you.
And
like
as
the
one—because
1
took
you
for
no
beggars
and
mysclf
I
knew
to
be
no
rich
man—I
thought
I
might
the
rather
fulfill,
so
the
other
did
put
me
in
remembrance
of
an
emperor®
that
had
ordained
a
law
that
whosoever
committed
a
certain
offense
(which
I
now
remem-
ber
not)
except
it
were
a
virgin,
should
suffer
the
pains
of
death.
Such
a
reverence
had
he
to
virginity.
Now
so
it
hap-
pened
that
the
first
committer
of
that
offense
was
indccfi
2
virgin,
whereof
the
emperor
hearing
was
in
no
small
perplexity,
as
he
that
by
some
example
fain
would
have
had
that
law
to
have
been
put
in
execution.
Whereupon
when
his
council
had
sat
long,
solemnly
debating
this
case,
suddenly
arose
there
up
one
of
his
council—a
good
plain
man
among
them—and
said:
‘Why
make
you
so
much
ado,
my
lords,
about
so
small
a
matter?
Let
her
first
be
deflowered
and
then
after
may
she
be
devoured!’
“And
so,
though
your
lordships
have
in
the
matter
of
the
matrimony
hitherto
kept
yourselves
pure
virgins,
yct
take
good
2.
Tiberius
Cacsar.
See
the
story
of
Sejanus’
daughter
as
related
by
Tacitus
(Annals,
VI).
More's
version
is,
of
course,
considerably
adapted.
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230
LIFE
OF
SIR
THOMAS
MORE
heed,
my
lords,
that
you
keep
your
virginity
still.
For
some
there
be
that
by
procuring®
your
lordships
first
at
the
corona-
tion
to
be
present,
and
next
to
preach
for
the
setring
forth
of
it,
and
finally
to
write
books
to
all
the
world
in
defense
thereof,
are
desirous
to
deflower
you;
and
when
they
have
deflowered
you,
then
will
they
not
fail
soon
after
to
devour
you.
Now,
my
lords,”
quoth
he,
“it
lieth
not
in
my
power
but
that
they
may
devour
me.
But
God,
being
my
good
Lord,
1
will
provide
that
they
shall
never
deflower
me!”
In
continuance:
when
the
King
saw
that
he
could
by
no
manner
of
benefits
win
him
to
his
side,
then,
lo,
went
he
about
by
terrors
and
threats
to
drive
him
thereunto.
The
beginning
of
which
trouble
grew
by
occasion
of
a
certain
nun
dwelling
in
Canterbury,*
for
her
virtue
and
holiness
among
the
pcople
not
2
little
esteemed.
Unto
whom,
for
that
cause,
many
reli-
gious
persons,
doctors
of
divinity
and
divers
others
of
good
worship®
of
the
laity
used
to
resort.
Who,
affirming
that
she
had
revelations
from
God
to
give
the
King
warning
of
his
wicked
life
and
of
the
abuse
of
the
sword
and
authority
com-
mitted
unto
him
by
God;
and
understanding
my
Lord
of
Roch-
ester,
Bishop
Fisher,®
to
be
a
man
of
notable
virtuous
living
and
learning,
repaired
to
Rochester
and
there
disclosed
to
him
all
her
revelations,
desiring
his
advice
and
counsel
therein.
Which
the
Bishop
perceiving
might
well
stand
with
the
laws
of
God
and
his
Holy
Church,
advised
her
(as
she
before
had
warning
and
intended)
to
go
to
the
King
herself
and
to
let
him
understand
the
whole
circumstance
thercof.
Whereupon
she
went
to
the
King
and
told
him
all
her
revelations,
and
so
re-
turned
home
again.
And
in
short
space
after,
she,
making
a
3.
prevailing
upon.
4.
Elizabeth
Barton,
known
as
“the
Holy
Maid
of
Kent,”
1506>-1534.
She
predicted
that,
if
Henry
VIII
divorced
Catherine,
he
would
“die
a
villain’s
death.”
She
was
executed
for
treason
at
Tyburn
in
April
1534.
5.
of
good
worship:
respected
members.
6.
John
Fisher,
Bishop
of
Rochester
from
1504
to
1536.
One
of
the
most
remarkable
men
of
his
time,
in
terms
of
both
achievement
and
integrity,
he
incurred
the
wrath
of
Henry
VIII
by
refusing
to
subscribe
to
the
Oath
of
Supremacy.
He
was
beheaded
on
Tower
Hill
on
June
22,
1535,
just
two
weeks
before
More
was
led
our
to
the
scaffold.
LIFE
OF
SIR
THOMAS
MORE
231
voyage
to
the
nuns
of
Sion,
by
means
of
one
Master
Reynolds,”
a
father
of
the
same
house,
there
fortuned
concerning
such
secrets
as
had
been
revealed
unto
her—some
part
whercof
seemed
to
touch
the
matter
of
the
King’s
supremacy
and
marriage,
which
shortly
thereupon
followed—to
enter
into
talk
with
Sir
Thomas
More.
Who,
notwithstanding
he
might
well
at
that
time
without
danger
of
any
law—though
after,
as
himsclf
had
prognosticated
before,
those
matters
were
estab-
lished
by
statutes
and
confirmed
by
oaths—freely
and
safely
have
talked
with
her
therein;
nevertheless,
in
all
the
communica-
tion
between
them,
as
in
process®
it
appeared,
had
always
so
discreetly
demcaned
®
himself
that
he
deserved
not
to
be
blamed,
but
contrariwise
to
be
commended
and
praised.
And
had
he
not
been
one
that
in
all
his
great
offices
and
do-
ings
for
the
King
and
the
realm
so
many
years
together
had
from
all
corruption
of
wrong-doing
or
bribes-taking
kept
himself
so
clear
that
no
man
was
able
therewith
once
to
blemish
him,
or
make
any
just
quarrel
against
him,
it
would
without
doubt
in
this
troublous
time
of
the
King’s
indignation
towards
him,
have
been
deeply
laid
to
his
charge
and
of
the
King’s
high-
ness
most
favorably
accepted,
as
in
the
case
of
one
Parnell
it
most
manifestly
appeared.
Against
whom,
because
Sir
Thomas
More
while
he
was
Lord
Chancellor,
at
the
suit
of
onc
Vaughan,
his!
adversary,
had
made
a
decrce.
This
Parnell
to
his
highness
most
gricvously
complained
that
Sir
Thomas
More,
for
making
the
same
decree,
had
of
the
same
Vaughan,
unable
for
the
gout
to
travel
abroad
himself,
by
the
hands
of
his
wife
taken
a
fair
great
gile
cup
for
a
bribe.
Who
thercupon,
by
the
King’s
appointment,
being
called
be-
fore
the
whole
council,
where
that
matter
was
heinously
laid
to
his
charge,
forthwith
confessed
that,
forasmuch
as
that
cup
was
long
after
the
foresaid
decrce
brought
him
for
a
New
Year’s
gift,
he,
upon
her
importunate
pressing
upon
him,
therefore
of
courtesy
refused
not
to
receive
it.
Then
the
Lord
of
Wiltshire*—for
hatred
of
his
religion
7.
Dr.
Richard
Reynolds.
Executed
on
May
4,
1535.
From
a
window
in
his
Tower
cell,
More
watches
as
he
is
conducted
to
his
death.
See
below,
p.
242.
8.
in
duc
dme.
9.
conducted.
L
ie.
Parnecll’s
adver-
sary.
2.
Sir
Thomas
Boleyn,
the
father
of
Anne.
232
LIFE
OF
SIR
THOMAS
MORE
preferrer®
of
this
suit—with
much
rejoicing
said
unto
the
onjds:
“Lo,
did
I
not
tell
you,
my
lords,
that
you
should
find
this
matter
true?”
Whereupon
Sir
Thomas
More
desired
their
lordships
that
as
they
had
courteously
heard
him
tell
the
one
part
of
his
tale,
so
they
would
vouchsafe
of
their
honors
indif-
ferently‘
to
hear
the
other.
After
which
obtained,
he
further
declgred
unto
them
that,
albeit
he
had
indeed
with
much
work
received
that
cup,
yet
immediately
thereupon
he
caused
his
butler
to
fill
it
with
wine,
and
of
that
cup
drank
to
her;
and
that
when
he
had
so
done
and
she
pledged
him,
then
as
freely
as
her
husband
had
given
it
to
him,
even
so
freely
gave
he
the
same
unto
her
again
to
give
unto
her
husband
for
his
New
Year's
gift.
Which
at
his
instant®
request,
though
much
against
her
will,
at
length
yet
she
was
fain
to
receive,
as
herself
and
certain
other
there
presently
before
them
deposed.
Thus
was
the
great
mounain
turned
scant
o
a
little
molehill,
So
I
remember
that
at
another
time,
upon
a
New
Year’s
Day,
there
came
to
him
one
Mistress
Crocker,
a
rich
widow,
for
whom
with
no
small
pain
he
had
made
a
decree
in
the
Chan-
cery
against
the
Lord
of
Arundel,
to
present
him
with
a
pair
of
gloves
and
forty
pounds
in
angels?
in
them
for
a
New
Year’s
gift.
Of
whom
he
thankfully
receiving
the
gloves
but
refusing
the
money
said
unto
her:
“Mistress,
since
it
were
against
good
manners
to
forsake
a
gentlewoman’s
New
York’s
gift,
I
am
content
to
take
your
gloves
but,
as
for
your
money,
I
utterly
refuse.”
So,
much
against
her
mind,
enforced
he
her
to
take
her
gold
again.
And
one
Master
Gresham,
likewise,
having
at
the
same
time
a
cause
depending®
in
the
Chancery
before
him,
sent
him
for
a
New
Year’s
gift
a
fair
gilted
cup,
the
fashion
whercof
he
very
well
liking,
caused
one
of
his
own
(though
not
in
his
fantasy
of
so
good
a
fashion,
yet
better
in
value)
to
be
brought
him
out
of
his
chamber,
which
he
willed
the
messenger
in
recom-
pense
to
deliver
to
his
master.
And
under
other
condition
would
he
in
no
wise
receive
it.
3.
promoter.
4.
impartially.
5.
urgent.
6.
scant
to:
to
barely.
7.
a
gold
coin,
whose
value
varied
from
6s.
8d.
to
10s.
8.
pending.
LIFE
OF
SIR
THOMAS
MORE
233
Many
things
more
of
like
effect,
for
the
declaration
of
his
innocency
and
clearness
from
all
corruption
or
evil
affection,?
could
I
here
rehearse
besides;
which
for
tediousness
omitting,
I
refer
to
the
readers
by
these
few
before
remembered
examples,
with
their
own
judgments
wisely
to
weigh
and
consider
the
same.
At
the
Parliament
following
was
there
put
into
the
Lords’
House
a
bill
to
arraint!
the
nun
and
divers
other
religious
per-
sons
of
high
treason,
and
the
Bishop
of
Rochester,
Sir
Thomas
More,
and
certain
others
of
misprision
of
treason.?
The
King
presupposing
of
likelihood
that
this
bill
would
be
to
Sir
Thomas
More
so
troublous
and
terrible
that
it
would
force
him
to
relent
and
condescend
*
to
his
request—wherein
his
grace
was
much
deceived.
To which
bill
Sir
Thomas
More
was
a
suitor
personally
to
be
received
in
his
own
defense
to
make
answer.
But
the
King,
not
liking
that,
assigned
the
Bishop
of
Canterbury,
the
Lord
Chancellor,
the
Duke
of
Norfolk,
and
Master
Cromwell,
at
a
day
and
place
appointed,
to
call
Sir
Thomas
More
before
them.
At
which
time
I,
thinking
that
1
had
a
good
opportunity,
earnestly
advised
him
to
labor
unto
those
lords
for
the
help
of
his
discharget
out
of
ther
Parlia-
ment
bill.
Who
answered
me
he
would.
And
at
his
coming
before
them,
according
to
their
appoint-
ment,
they
entertained
him
very
friendly,
willing
him
to
sit
down
with them,
which
in
no
wisc
he
would.
Then
began
the
Lord
Chancellor
to
declare
unto
him
how
many
ways
the
King
had
showed
his
love
and
favor
towards
him,
how
fain
he
would
have
had
him
continue
in
his
office,
how
glad
he
would
have
been
to
have
heaped
more
benefits
upon
him,
and
finally
how
he
could
ask
no
worldly
honor
nor
profit
at
his
high-
ness’s
hands
that
were
likely
to
be
denied
him;
hoping
by
the
declaration
of
the
King’s
kindness
and
affection
towards
him
to
provoke®
him
to
recompense
his
grace
with
the
like
again.
And
unto
those
things
that
the
Parliament,
the
bishops,
and
universi-
ties
had
already
passed
to
add
his
consent.
9.
bias.
1.
accuse.
2,
misprision
of
treason:
the
concealment
of
treasonable
information.
3.
assent.
4.
the
dismissal
of
the
charges
against
More.
5.
induce.
S
234
LIFE
OF
SIR
THOMAS
MORE
To
this
Sir
Thomas
More
mildly
made
answer,
saying:
“No
man
living
is
there,
my
lords,
that
would
with
beteer
will
do
the
thing
that
should
be
acceptable
to
the
King’s
highness
than
1,
which
must
needs
confess
his
manifold
goodness
and
bounti-
ful
benefits
most
benignly
bestowed
on
me.
Howbeit,
1
verily
hoped
that
I
should
never
have
heard
of
this
matter
more,
con-
sidering
that
I
have
from
time
to
time,
always
from
the
begin-
ning,
so
phinly
and
truly
declared
my
mind
unto
his
grace,
which
his
highness
to
me
ever
seemed
like
a
most
gracious
prince
very
well
to
accept,
never
minding
(as
he
said)
to
molest
me
more
therewith.
Since
which
time
any
further
thing
that
was
able
to
move
me
to
any
change
could
I
never
find.
And
if
I
could,
there
is
none
in
all
the
world
that
would
have
been
gladder
of
it
than
1.”
Many
things
more
were
there
of
like
sort
uttered
on
both
sides.
But
in
the
end,
when
they
saw
they
could
by
no
manner
of
persuasions
remove
him
from
his
former
determination,
then
began
they
more
terribly
to
touch
him,
telling
him
that
the
King’s
highness
had
given
them
in
commandment,
if
they
could
by
no
gentleness
win
him,
in
his
name
with
his
great
ingrati-
tude
to
charge
him—that
never
was
there
servant
to
his
sovereign
so
villainous,
nor
subject
to
his
prince
so
traitorous
as
he.
For
he
by
his
subtle,
sinister
sleights
most
unnaturally
procuring
and
provoking®
him
to
set
forth
a
book
of
The
As-
sertion
of
the
Seven
Sacraments—and
maintenance
of
the
Pope’s
authority—had
caused
him
to
his
dishonor
throughout
all
Christendom
to
put
a
sword
into
the
Pope’s
hands
to
fight
against
himself,
When
they
had
thus
laid
forth
ail
the
terrors
they
could
imagine
against
him:
“My
lords,”
quoth
he,
“these
terrors
be
arguments
for
children
and
not
for
me.
But
to
answer
that
wherewith
you
do
chiefly
burden
me,
I
believe
the
King's
highness
of
his
honor
will
never
lay
that
to
my
charge.
For
none
is
there
that
can
in
that
point
say
in
my
excusc
more
than
his
highness
himself,
who
right
well
knoweth
thar
I
never
was
procurer
nor
counsellor
of
his
majesty
thereunto;
bur
afrer
jt
6.
procuring
and
provoking:
prevailing
upon
and
urging.
7.
published
in
1521,
LIFE
OF
SIR
THOMAS
MORE
235
was
finished,
by
his
grace’s
appointment
and
consent
of
t.hc
makers
of
the
same,
only
a
sorter-out
and
placer
of
the
prin-
cipal
matters
thercin
contained.
Wllcrei{l
when
I
found
the
Pope’s
authority
highly
advanced
and
with
strong
arguments
mightily
defended,
I
said
unto
his
grace:
‘I
must
put
your
high-
ness
in
remembrance
of
one
thing
and
that
is
this:
the
Popc,‘
as
your
grace
knoweth,
is
a
prince
as
you
are,
and
in
league
with
all
other
Christian
princes.
It
may
hereafter
so
fall
out
that
your
grace
and
he
may
vary
upon
some
points
of
the
league,
whereupon
may
grow
breach
of
amity
and
war
between
you
both.
I
think
it
best,
therefore,
that
that
place
be
amended
and
his
authority
more
slenderly
touched.’
**
‘Nay,”
quoth
his
grace,
‘that
shall
it
not.
We
are
so
much
bounden
unto
the
Sce
of
Rome
that
we
cannot
do
too
much
honor
unto
it
“Then
did
I
further
put
him
in
remembrance
of
the
Stature
of
Pracmunire,®
whereby
a
good
part
of
the
Pope’s
pastoral
cure?
here
was
pared
away.
“To
that
answered
his
highness:
‘Whatsoever
impediment
be
to
the
contrary,
we
will
set
forth
that
authority
to
the
uttermost.
For
we
received
from
that
See
our
crown
imperial’
—which
till
his
grace
with
his
own
mouth
told
it
me,
I
never
heard
of
before.
So
that
I
trust
when
his
grace
shall
be
once
truly
informed
of
this
and
call
to
his
gracious
remembrance
my
doifig
in
thar
behalf,
his
highness
will
never spcak
of
i.t
more
but
clear
me
thoroughly
therein
himself.”
And
thus
displeas-
antly
departed
they.
]
Then
took
Sie
Thomas
More
his
boat
towards
his
house
at
Chelsea,
wherein
by
the
way
he
was
very
merry,
and
for
that
I
was
nothing
sorry,
hoping
that
he
had
got
himself
discharged
out
of
the
Parliament
bill.
When
he
was
landed
and
come
home,
then
walked
we
twain
alone
into
his
garden
together;
where
1,
desirous
to
know
how
he
had
sped,
said:
“T
trust,
sir,
that
all
is
well
because
you
are
so
merry.”
“It
is
so
indeed,
son
Roper,
I
thank
God,”
quoth
he.
8.
The
Statute
of
Pracmunire
made
it
a
treasonable
offense
to
resort
to
the
authority
or
jurisdiction
of
any
foreign
coure,
including
that
of
the
Vatican.
Cf.
above,
p.
116.
9.
spiritual
jurisdiction.
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236
LIFE
OF
SIR
THOMAS
MORE
“Are
you
then
put
out
of
the
Parliament
bill?”
said
L
“By
my
troth,
son
Roper,”
quoth
he,
“I
never
remembered
it.”
“Never
remembered
it,
sir!”
said
I,
“a
case
that
toucheth
vourself
so
near,
and
us
all
for
your
sake.
T
am
sorry
to
hear
it.
For
I
verily
trusted,
when
I
saw
you
so
merry,
that
all
had
been
well.”
Then
said
he:
“Wilt
thou
know,
son
Roper,
why
1
was
so
merry?”
“That
would
I
gladly,
sir,”
quoth
L
“In
good
faith,
I
rejoiced,
son,”
quoth
he,
“that
I
had
given
the
devil
a
foul
fall;
and
that
with
those
lords
I
had
gone
so
far
as,
without
great
shame,
I
could
never
go
back
again.”
At
which
words
waxed
I
very
sad;
for
though
himself
liked
it
well,
yet
liked
it
me
but
a
little.
Now
upon
the
report
made
by
the
Lord
Chancellor
and
the
other
lords
to
the
King
of
all
their
whole
discourse
had
with
Sir
Thomas
More,
the
King
was
so
highly
offended
with him
that
he
plainly
told
them
he
was
fully?
determined
that
the
aforesaid
Parliament
bill
should
undoubtedly
proceed
forth
against
him.
To
whom
the
Lord
Chancellor
and
the
rest
of
the
Jords
said
that
they
perceived
the
lords
of
the
Upper
House
so
precisely
bent
to
hear
him,
in
his
own
defense
make
answer
himself,
that
if
he
were
not
put
out
of
the
bill,
it
would
with-
out
fail
be
utterly
an
overthrow
of
all.
But,
for
all
this,
needs
would
the
King
have
his
own
will
therein;
or
else
he
said
that
at
the
passing
thereof,
he
would
be
personally
present
himself.
Then
the
Lord
Audeley
and
the
rest
seeing
him
so
vehe-
mently
set
thereupon,
on
their
knees
most
humbly
besought
his
grace
to
forbear
the
same,
considering
that
if
he
should,
in
his
own
presence,
reccive
an
overthrow,
it
would
not
only
encourage
his
subjects
ever
after
to
contemn®
him,
bur
also
throughout
all
Christendom
redound
to
his
dishonor
forever;
adding
thereunto
thac
they
mistrusted
not
in
time
against
him
to
find
some
mecter
matter
to
serve
his
turn
better.
For
in
this
case
of
the
nun,
he
was
accompted,?
they
said,
so
innocent
and
clear
that
for
his
dealing
therein
men
reckoned
him
far
1.
definitely.
2.
disdain.
3.
reckoned.
LIFE
OF
SIR
THOMAS
MORE
237
worthier
of
praise
than
reproof.
Whereupon
at
length,
through
their
carnest
persuasion,
he
was
content
to
condescend
*
to
their
petition.
And
on
the
morrow
after,
Master
Cromwell,
mecting
me
in
the
Parliament
House,
willed
me
to
tell
my
father
that
he
was
put
out
of
the
Parliament
bill.
But
because
I
had
appointed
to
dine
that
day
in
London,
I
sent
the
message
by
my
servant
to
my
wife
to
Chelsea.
Whereof
when
she
informed
her
father,
“In
faith,
Meg,”
quoth
he,
“quod
differtur
non
aufertur.”
*
After
this,
as
the
Duke
of
Norfolk
and
Sir
Thomas
More
chanced
to
fall
in
familiar
ralk
together,
the
Duke
said
unto
him:
“By
the
Mass,
Master
More,
it
is
perilous
striving
with
princes.
And
therefore
I
would
wish
you
somewhat
to
incline
to
the
King’s
pleasure.
For,
by
God
body,
Master
More,
In-
dignatio
principis
mors
est”
¢
“Is
that
all,
my
lord?”
quoth
he.
“Then
in
good
faith
is
there
no
more
difference
between
your
grace
and
me,
but
that
I
shall
die
today
and
you
tomorrow.”
So
fell
it
out,
within
a
month
or
thereabouts
after
the
making
of
the
statute
for
the
Oath
of
the
Supremacy
and
matrimony,
that
all
the
priests
of
London
and
Westminster—and
no
tem-
poral
7
men
but
he—were
sent
for
to
appear
at
Lambeth
beforc
the
Bishop
of
Canterbury,
the
Lord
Chancellor,
and
Secrerary
Cromwell,
commissioners
appointed
there
to
tender
the
oath
unto
them.
Then
Sir
Thomas
More,
as
his
accustomed
manner
was
al-
ways,
ere
he
entered
into
any
matter
of
importance,
as
when
he
was
first
chosen
of
the
King’s
privy
council,
when
he
was
sent
ambassador,
appointed
Speaker
of
the
Parliament,
made
Lord
Chancellor,
or
when
he
took
any
like
weighty
matter
upon
him,
to
go
to
church
and
be
confessed,
to
hear
Mass,
and
be
houseled,®
so
did
he
likewise
in
the
morning
early
the
selfsame
day
that
he
was
summoned
to
appear
before
the
Lords
at
Lambeth.
And
whereas
he
evermore
used
before
at
his
departure
from
4.
agree.
5.
“what
is
put
aside
is
not
put
off.”
6.
*The
indignation
of
the
prince
is
death.”
Cf.
above,
p.
141.
7.
secular.
8.
receive
the
Eucharist.
earca
s
g5
g
o
238
LIFE
OF
SIR
THOMAS
MORE
his
wife
and children,
whom
he
tenderly
loved,
to
have
them
bring
him
to
his
boat,
and
there
to
kiss
them
all
and
bid
them
farewell;
then
would
he
suffer
none
of
them
forth
of
the
gate
to
follow
him,
but
pulled
the
wicket
after
him
and
shut
them
all
from
him.
And
with
an
heavy
heart,
as
by
his
countenance
it
appeared,
with
me
and
our
four
servants
there
took
he
his
boat
towards
Lambeth.
Wherein
sitting
still
sadly
a
while,
at
the
last
he
suddenly
rounded
¢
me
in
the
car
and
said:
“Son
Roper,
1
thank
our
Lord
the
field
is
won.”
What
he
meant
thereby
1
then
wist!
not,
yet
loath
to
secem
ignorant,
I
an-
swered:
“Sir,
I
am
thereof
very
glad.”
But
as
I
conjectured
afterwards,
it
was
for
that
the
love
he
had
to
God
wrought
in
him
so
cffectually
that
it
conquered
all
his
carnal
affections®
uteerly.
Now
at
his
coming
to
Lambeth,
how
wisely
he
behaved
himself
before
the
commissioners,
at
the
ministration
of
the
oath
unto
him,
may
be
found
in
certain
letters
of
his
sent
to
my
wife
remaining
in
a
great
book
of
his
works®
Where
by
the
space
of
four
days
he
was
betaken
to
the
custody
of
the
Abbot
of
Westminster,
during
which
time
the
King
consulted
with
his
council
what
order
were
meet
to
be
taken
with
him.
And
albeit
in
the
beginning
they
were
resolved
that
with
an
oath
not
to
be
acknowen®
whether
he
had
to
the
Supremacy
been
sworn
(or
what
he
thought
thercof)
he
should
be
discharged,
yet
did
Queen
Anne
by
her
importunate
clamor
so
sorc
ex-
asperate
the
King
against
him
that,
contrary
to
his
former
resolution,
he
caused
the
said
Oath
of
the
Supremacy
to
be
ministered
unto
him.
Who,
albeit
he
made
a
discreet
qualified
answer,
nevertheless
was
forthwith
committed
to
the
Tower.
Whom,
as
he
was
going
thitherward,
wearing
as
he
com-
monly
did
a
chain
of
gold
abourt
his
neck,
Sir
Richard
Crom-
well
8
that
had
the
charge
of
his
conveyance
thither,
advised
9.
whispered.
1.
knew.
2.4l
..
.
affections:
all
his
worldly
feelings
and
emotions.
3.
More's
English
Works
were
printed
in
1557,
Roper
may
have
had
an
advance
copy
ot he
may
have
been
referring
to
a
manuscripe
collection
of
More’s
writing.
The
latter
hypothesis
scems
to
be
the
more
likely
one.
4.
confessed.
5.
The
son
of
Sir
Thomas
Cromwell's
sister.
On
entering
his
uncle's
service,
he
assumed
the
surname
of
Cromwell.
LIFE
OF
SIR
THOMAS
MORE
239
him
to
send
home
his
chain
to
his
wife
or
to
some
of
his
children.
“Nay,
sir,”
quoth
he,
“that
I
will
not.
For
if
I
were
taken
in
the
ficld
by
my
enemics,
1
would
they
should
some-
what
fare
the
better
by
me.”
At
whose
landing,
Master
Licutenant
at
the
Tower-gate
was
ready
to
reccive
him,
where
the
porter
demanded
of
him
his
uppér
garment.
“Master
Porter,”
quoth
he,
f‘hcrc
it
is.”
And
took
off
his
cap
and
delivered
it
him,
saying:
“I
am
very
sorry
it
is
no
better
for
vou.”
“No,
sir,”
quoth
the
porter,
“I
must
have
your
gown.”
]
And
so
was
he
by
Master
Licutenant
conveyed
to
his
lodg-
ing
where
he
called
unto
him
one
John
a
WOod,
his
own
servant,
there
appointed
to
attend
upon
him
(who
could
neither
write
nor
read);
and
swarce
him
before
the
Licutenant
that
if
he
should
hear
or
see
him
at
any
time
speak
or
write
any
manner
of
thing
against
the
King,
the
council,
or
the
state
of
the
realm,
he
should
open
it
to
the
Licutcnnnt‘,
that
the
Licutcnant
might
incontinent®
reveal
it
to
the
council
Now
when
he
had
remained
in
the
Tower
a
little
more
than
a
month,
my
wife,
longing
to
sec
her
father,
by
hc_r
earnest
suit
at
length
got
leave
to
go
to
him.
At
whose
coming,
after
the
Seven
Psalms
and
Litany
said—which,
whensoever
she
came
to
him,
ere
he
fell
in
talk
of
any
worldly
matters,
h'c
U§cd
accustomably?
to
say
with
her—among
other
communication
he
said
unto
her:
“I
believe,
Mcg,
that
they
that
have
put
me
here
ween?®
they have
done
me
a
high
displeasure.
But
I
assure
thee,
on
my
faith,
my
own
good
daughter,
if
it
had
not
been
for
my
wife
and
you
that
be
my
children,
whorp
I
accompt
the
chief
part
of
my
charge,
I
would
not
have
failed
_]ong
ere
this
to
have
closed
mysclf
in
as
strait
a
room—and
straiter,
too.
But
since
1
am
come
hither
without
mine
own
desert,
1
trust
that
God
of
His
goodness
will
discharge
me
of
my
care,
and
with
His
gracious
help
supply
my
lack
among
you.
I
find
no
cause,
I
thank
God,
Meg,
to
reckon
myself
in
worse
case
here
than
in
my
own
housc.
For
me
thinketh
God
maketh
me
a
wanton,?
and
sctreth
me
on
His
lap
and
dandleth
me.”
]
Thus
by
his
gracious
demeanor!
in
tribulation
appeared
it
6.
immediately.
7.
customarily.
8.
suppose.
9.
pampered
pet.
1.
bearing.
240
LIFE
OF
SIR
THOMAS
MORE
that
all
the
troubles
that
ever
chanced
unto
him,
by
his
patient
sn{fierance
thereof,
were
to
him
no
painful
punishments
but,
of?
his
patience,
profirable
exercises.
'
AAnd
at
another
time,
when
he
had
first
questioned
with
my
wife
a
while
of
the
order
of
his
wife,
children,
and
state
of
his
gwn
h.ouse
in
his
absence,
he
asked
her
how
Queen
Anne
did.
In
faith,
father,”
quoth
she,
“never
better.”
“Never
better,
Meg!”
quoth
he.
“Alas,
Meg,
alas!
It
pitieth
me
to
remember
into
what
misery,
poor
soul,
she
shall
shortly
come.”
.{\fte'r
this,
Master
Lieutenant,
coming
into
his
chamber
to
visit
him,
rehearsed
the
benefits
and
friendship
that
he
had
many
ways
received
at
his
hands,
and
how
much
bounden
he
was therefore
friendly
to
entertain
him
and
make
him
good
ch.ccr.
‘Which,
since
the
case
standing
as
it
did,
he
could
not
do
without
Fhe
King’s
indignation,
he
trusted,
he
said,
he
would
accept
his
good
will
and
such
poor
cheer
as
he
had.
“Master
Lieutenant,”
quoth
he
again,
“I
verily
believe,
as
you
may,
so
you
are
my
good
friend
indeed
and
would,
as
you
say,
v:/ith
your
best
cheer
entertain
me,
for
the
which
I
most
h;:nrtilv
th.an.k
you.
And
assure
yourself,
Master
Licutenant,
I
do
not
mislike
my
cheer.
But
whensoever
I
so
do,
then
r.hn,xst
me
out
of
your
doors.”
Whereas
the
oath
confirming
the
Supremacy
and
matrimon
was
by
the
first
statute
in
few
words
comprised,
the
Lorzll
Chancellor
and
Master
Secretary
did
of
their
own’
heads
add
more
words
unto
it,
to
make
it
appear
unto
the
King's
ears
more
pleasant
and
plausible.
And
that
oath,
so
amplified
caused
they
to
be
ministered
to
Sir
Thomas
More
and
to
ali
_other
t.hroughout
the
realm.
Which
Sir
Thomas
More
perceiv-
ing,
S:l'ld
unto
my
wife:
“I
may
tell
thee,
Meg,
they
that
have
co_mmltted
me
hither
for
refusing
of
this
oath
not
agreeable
_w1th.the
statute,
are
not
by
their
own
law
able
to
jus:ify
m
imprisonment.
And,
surely,
daughter,
it
is
great
pity
that
an;
C.hrlstmn'prmcc
should
by
a
flexible
council
ready
to
follow
his
affections,
and
by
a
weak
clergy
lacking
gmcé
constantl
to
stand
to
their
learning,
with
hnttery
be
so
shamefully
abused.”
Bur
at
length
the
Lord
Chancellor
and
Master
Secrz
2.asa
Conscqucncc
Of.
LIFE
OF
SIR
THOMAS
MORE
241
tary,
espying
their
own
oversight
in
that
behalf,
were
fain
afterwards
to
find
the
means
that
another
statutc
should
be
made,
for
the
confirmation
of
the
oath
so
amplified
with
their
additions.
After
Sir
Thomas
More
had
given
over
his
office
and
all
other
worldly
doings
therewith,
to
the
intent
he
might
from
thenceforth
the
more
quietly
settle
himself
to
the
service
of
God,
then
made
he
a
conveyance®
for
the
disposition
of
all
his
lands,
reserving
to
himself
an
estate
thereof
only
for
term
of
his
own
life.
And
after
his
decease
assuring
some
part
of
the
same
to
his
wife,
some
to his
son’s
wife,
for
a
jointure,*
in
con-
sideration
that
she
was
an
inheritress
in
possession
of
more
than
an
hundred
pounds
land
by
the
year,
and
some
to
me
and
my
wife
in
recompense
of
our
marriage
moncy—with
divers
re-
mainders
over.
All
which
conveyance
and
assurance
was
per-
fectly
finished
long
before
that
matter
whercupon
he
was
at-
rained®
was
made
an
offensc,
and
yet
after
by
statute
clearly
avoided.b
And
so
were
all
his
lands
that
he
had
to
his
wife
and
children
by
the
said
conveyance
in
such
sort
assurcd,
contrary
to
the
order
of
law,
taken
away
from
them
and
brought
into
the
King’s
hands—saving
that
portion
which
he
had
appointed
to
my
wife
and
me.
‘Which,
although
he
had
in
the
foresaid
conveyance
rescrved,
as
he
did
the
rest,
for
term
of
life
to
himself,
nevertheless,
upon
further
consideration
two
days
after
by
another
conveyance,
he
gave
the
same
immediately
to
my
wife
and
me
in
possession.
And
so
because
the
statute
had
undone
only
the
firsc
convey-
ance,
giving
no
more
to
the
King
but
so
much
as
passed
by
that,
the
second
conveyance—whercby
it
was
given
to
my
wife
and
me—being
dated
two
days
after,
was
without
the
compass
of
the
statute,
and
so
was
our
portion
to
us
by
that
means
clearly
reserved.”
3.
the
transference
of
property,
generally
real
estate,
from
one
person
to
another.
4.
the
holding
of
property
to
the
joint
use
of
husband
and
wife
for
life.
5.
accused.
6.
made
void.
7.
After
the
artainder,
the
King
scized
upon
those
lands
which
by
means
of
More’s
“conveyance”
were
to
be
distributed
following
his
death.
By
a
sccond
“conveyance,”
however,
More
bestowed
upon
the
Ropers
their
portion
of
his
cstate
before
his
death,
thus
making
their
inherirance
relatively
safe
from
the
threar
of
royal
confiscation.
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242
LIFE
OF
SIR
THOMAS
MORE
As
Sir
Thomas
More
in
the
Tower
chanced
on
a
time,
look-
ing
out
of
his
window,
to
behold
one
Master
Reynolds,
a
reli-
gious,
learned,
and
virtuous
father
of
Sion
and
three
monks
of
the
Charterhouse,
for
the
matters
of
the
matrimony
and
Su-
premacy,
going
out
of
the
Tower
to
execution—he,
as
one
longing
in
that
journey
to
have
accompanied
them,
said
unto
my
wife,
then
standing
there
besides
him:
“Lo,
dost
thou
not
sce,
Meg,
that
these
blessed
fathers
be
now
as
cheerfully
going
to
their
deaths
as
bridegrooms
to
their
marriage?
Whercfore
thereby
mayst
thou
see,
minc
own
good
daughter,
what
a
great
difference
there
is
between
such
as
have
in
effect
spent
all
their
days
in
a
strait,
hard,
penitential,
and
painful
lifc
religiously,
and
such
as
have
in
the
world,
like
worldly
wretches,
as
thy
poor
father
hath
done,
consumed
all
their
time
in
pleasure
and
case
]iccntiously.
For
God,
considering
their
long-continued
life
in
most
sore
and
grievous
penance,
will
no
longer
suffer
them
to
remain
here
in
this
vale
of
misery
and
iniquity,
but
speedily
hence
taketh
them
to
the
fruition
of
his
everlasting
deity.
Whereas
thy
silly®
father,
Meg,
that
like
2
most
wicked
caitiff,®
hath
passed
forth
the
whole
course
of
his
miserable
life
most
sinfully,
God
thinking
him
not
worthy
so
soon
to
come
to
that
etcrnal
felicity,
leaveth
him
here
vet
still
in
the
world,
further
to
be
plunged
and
turmoiled
with
misery.”
Within
a
while
after,
Master
Sccretary,
coming
to
him
into
the
Tower
from
the
King,
pretended
much
friendship
towards
him,
and
for
his
comfort
told
him
that
the
King's
highness
was
his
good
and
gracious
lord,
and
minded
not
with
any
matter
wherein
he
should
have
any
cause
of
scruple
from
henceforth
to
trouble
his
conscience.
As
soon
as
Master
Sccretary
was
gone,
to
express
what
comfort
he
conceived
of
his
words,
he
wrote
with
a
coal—for
ink
then
had
he
nonc—these
verses
following:
Aye,
flattering
Fortune,
look
thou
never
so
fair,
Nor
never
so
pleasantly
begin
to
smile,
As
though
thou
wouldst
my
ruin
all
repair,
During
my
life
thou
shalt
not
me
beguile!
Trust
I
shall
God
to
enter
in
2
while
8.
foolish.
9.
wretch.
LIFE
OF
SIR
THOMAS
MORE
His
haven
of
Heaven,
sure
and
uniform:
Ever
after
thy
calmy,
lock
I
for
a
storm.
When
Sir
Thonuas
More
had
continued
2
good
while
in
the
Tower,
my
lady
his
wife
obtained
license
to
see
him;
who
at
her
first
C(-)ming,
like
a
simple,
ignorant
woman
and
sr)mcw.hut
worldly
too,
with
this
manner
of
salutation
bluntly
saluted
him:
“What
the
good-vear,'
Master
More,”
quoth
she,
‘tl
marvel
that
you
that
have
been
always
hitherto
taken
for
so
wise
a
man
will
now
so
play
the
fool
to
lic
herc
in
this
close,
filthy
prison
and
be
content
thus
to
be
shut
up
among
mice
and
rats
when
you
might
be
abroad
at
your
liberty
and
with
the
favor
and
;,raod
will
both
of
the
King
and
his
council,
if
you
would
bur
do
as
all
the
bishops
and
best
learned
of
this
realm
hnve_
donc.
And
seeing
you
have
at
Chelsea
a
right
fair
house,
your
library,
vour
books,
your
gallery,
your
garden,
your
orchard,
and
-.1_11
other
necessaries
so
handsome
about
you,
where
you
might
in
the
company
of
me
your
wife,
your
children,
and
h()ll§cllold,
be
merry,
1
muse
what,
2
God’s
name,
you
mean
herc
still
thus
fondly”
to
tarry.”
)
After
he
had
a
while
quictly
heard
her,
with
a
cheerful
countenance
he
said
unto
her:
“I
pray
thee,
good
Mistress
Alice,
tell
me
onc thing.”
“What
is
that>”
quoth
she.
“Is
not
this
house,”
quoth
he,
“as
nigh
heaven
as
my own:”
To
whom
she,
after
her
accustomed
homely
fashion,
not
lik-
ing
such
talk,
answered:
“Tilly-valle,
tilly-valle!”
3
“How
sav
vou,
Mistress
Alice,”
quoth
he,
“is
it
not
so?”
“Bone
deus,
bone
dens,
man,
will
this
geart
never
be
left>”
quoth
she.
o
“Well,
then,
Mistress
Alice,
if
it
be
s0,”
quoth
he,
“it
is
very
well.
For
I
see
no
great
cause
why
[
should
much
joy
cithcr.
of
my
gay
house
or
of
anything
belonging
there unto,
when,
if
1
should
but
seven
vears
lie
buried
under
the
ground
and
then
arise
and
come
thither
again,
I
should
not
fail
to
find
some
therein
that
would
bid
me
get
me
out
of
doors
and
rell
me
it
1.
an
exclamation
connoting
impatience.
.
2.
foolishly.
3.
a
colloquialism
suggesting
impatience.
4.
rubbish.
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244
LIFE
OF
SIR
THOMAS
MORE
were
none
of
mine.
What
cause
have
I
then
to
like
such
an
house
as
would
so
soon
forget
his
masters”
S?
her
persuasions
moved
him
but
a
lictle.
Nort
long
after
came
there
to
him
the
Lord
Chancellor,
the
Duke.s
of
Norfolk
and
Suffolk,
with
Master
Secretary.
’and
certain
(.)thcr
of
the
privy
council—at
two
several
tim'c;—bv
all
policies
possible
procuring®
him
either
preciscly®
to
confess
the
S'uprema'cy
or
precisely
to
deny
it.
Whercunto
as
appeareth
by'
his
examinations
in
the
said
great
book,’
they
could never
bring
him.
Shortly
hereupon,
Master
Rich
(afterwards
Lord
Rich)
then
newly-madc
the
King’s
Solicitor,
Sir
Richard
South\vell'
:u_ld
one
Master
Palmer,
servant
to
the
Secretary,
were
sent
tt;
Sfr
Thomas
More
into
the
Tower
to
fetch
awny'l;is
books
from
him.
And
while
Sir
Richard
Southwell
and
Master
Palmer
were
busy
in
the
trussing-up
of
his
books,
Master
Rich,
pre-
tending
friendly
talk
with
him,
among
other
things
ofvnpsct
coH;sc
as
it
seemed,
said
thus
unto
him:
'
orasmuch
as
it
is
wel
a
man
both
wisc
and
wtc:l}-}(cr::(;r‘l‘::l'
Iz\éaf::]-l
Aidm-c‘
FRer
.
¢
)
n
the
laws
of
the
realm
as
othexj\wsc,
I
pray
you
therefore,
sir,
let
me
be
so
bold
as
2f
good
will
to
put
unto
you
this
case.
Admit
there
were.
sir,”
quoth
he,
“an
act
of
Parliament
that
all
the
realm
shoulci
take
me
for
King.
Would
not
you,
Master
More,
take
me
fo
King?”
’
'
“Yes,
sir,”
quoth
Sir
Thomas
More,
“that
would
1.”
“I
put
case
further,”
quoth
Master
Rich,
“that there
were
an
act
of
Parliament
that
all
the
realm
should
ke
me
for
Pope.
VV‘ould
not
you,
then,
Master
More,
take
me
for
Pope?”
pe
‘For
answer,
sir,”
quoth
Sir
Thomas
More,
“to
your
first
case.
The
Parliament
may
well,
Master
Rich,
meddle
with
the
state
of
t.cmporal
princes.
But
to
make
answer
to
vour
other
case,
I
will
pur
you
this
case:
Suppose
the
Parliament
would
make
a
law
that
God
should
not
be
God.
Would
you,
then,
Master
Rich,
say
that
God
were
not
God?”
’
’
*“No,
sir,”
quoth
he,
“that
would
I
not,
since
no
Parliament
may
make
any
such
law.”
5.
inducing.
6.
specifically.
7.
See
above,
p.
238,
n.
3.
LIFE
OF
SIR
THOMAS
MORE
245
“No
more,”
said
Sir
Thomas
More,
as
Master
Rich
reported
of
him,
“could
the
Parliament
make
the
King
supreme
head
of
the
Church.”
Upon
whose
only*
report
was
Sir
Thomas
More
indicted
of
treason
upon
the
statute
wherceby
it
was
made
treason
to
deny
the
King
to
be
supreme
head
of
the
Church.
Into
which
in-
dictment
were
put
thesc
heinous
words—"“Maliciously,
trai-
torously,
and
diabolically.”
When
Sir
Thomas
More
was
brought
from
the
Tower
to
Westminster
Hall
to
answer
the
indictment,
and
at
the
King’s
Bench
bar
before
the
judges
thereupon
arraigned,
he
openly
told
them
that
he
would
upon
that
indictment
have
abidden
in
law,?
bur
that
he
thereby
should
have been
driven
to
confess
of
himself
the
matter
indeed,
that
was
the
denial
of
the
King’s
Su-
premacy,
which
he
protested
was
untrue.
Wherefore
he
thereto
pleaded
not
guilty;
and
so
reserved
unto
himself
ad-
vantage
to
be
taken
of
the
body
of
the
matter,
after
verdict,
to
avoid
that
indictment.
And,
morcover,
added
that
if
those
only!
odious
terms—-“Maliciously,
traitorously,
and
diabolically”—
were
put out
of
the
indictment,
he
saw
therein
nothing
justly
to
charge
him.
And
for
proof
to
the
jury
that
Sir
Thomas
More
was
guilty
of
this
treason,
Master
Rich
was
called
forth
to
give
evidence
unto
them upon
his
oath,
as
he
did.
Against
whom
thus
sworn,
Sir
Thomas
More
began
in
this
wise
to
say:
“1f
1
were
a
man,
my
lords,
that
did
not
regard
an
oath,
I
needed
not,
as
it
is
well
known,
in
this
place
at
this
time
nor
in
this
case,
to
stand
here
as
an
accused
person.
And
if
this
oath
of
yours,
Master
Rich,
be
true,
then
pray
I
that
1
necver
sce
God
in
the
face,
which
I
would
not
say,
were
it
otherwise,
to
win
the
whole
world.”
Then
recited
he
to
the
court
the
dis-
course
of
all
their
communication
in
the
Tower
according
to
the
truth
and
said:
“In
good
faith,
Master
Rich,
I
am
sorrier
for
your
perjury
than
for
my
own
peril.
And
you
shall
understand
that
neither
1,
nor
no
man
else
to
my
knowledge,
ever
took
you
to
be
a
man
of
such
credit
as
in
any
matter
of
importance
8.
single.
9.
abidden
in
law:
abided
by
the
law.
1.
those
only:
only
those.
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246
LIFE
OF
SIR
THOMAS
MORE
I
or
any
other
would
at
any
time
vouchsafe
to
communicate
with
you.
And
I,
as
you
know,
of
no
small
while
have
been
acquainted
with
you
and
your
conversation,®
who
have
known
you
from
your
youth
hitherto.
For
we
long
dwelled
both
in
onc
parish
together
where,
as
yourself
can
tell
(I
am
sorry
you
compel
me
to
say)
you
were
esteemed
very
light
of
your
tongue,
a
great dicer
and
of
no
commendable
fame.®
And
;o
in
your
house
at
the
Temple,!
where
hath
been
your
chief
bring-
ing-up,
were
you
likewise
accompted.
“Can
it
therefore
seem
likely
unto
your
honorable
lordships
that
I
would,
in
so
weighty
a
cause,
so
unadvisedly
overshoot
myself
as
to
trust
Master
Rich,
a
man
of
me
always
reputed
for
one
of
so
little
truth
as
your
lordships
have
heard,
so
far
above
my
sovereign
lord
the
King
or
any
of
his
noble
counscl-
lors,
that
I
would
unto
him
utter
the
secrets
of
my
conscience
touching
the
King’s
Supremacy—the
special
point
and
only
m_ark
at
my
hands
so
long
sought
for?
A
thing
which
I
never
d_ld.
nor
never
would,
after
the
statute
thereof
made,
reveal
either
to
the
King's
highness
himself
or
to
any
of
his
honorable
counsellors,
as
it
is
not
unknown
to
your
honors,
at
sundry
several
times
sent
from
his
grace’s
own
person
unto
the
Tower
unto
me
for
none
other
purpose.
Can
this,
in
your
judgments,
my
lords,
seem
likely
to
be
true?
“And
yert
if
I
had
so
done
indeed,
my
lords,
as
Master
Rich
hath
sworn,
seeing
it
was
spoken
but
in
familiar
secret
talk,
nothing
affirming,
and
only
in
putting
of
cases
without
other
displeasant
circumstances,
it
cannot
justly
be
taken
to-
be
spoken
‘maliciously.”
And
where
there
is
no
malice,
there
can
be
no
offense.
And
over®
this
I
can
never
think,
my
lords,
that
so
many
worthy
bishops,
so
many
honorable
pcréonages,
and
so
many
other
worshipful,
virtuous,
wise,
and
well-learncd
men
as
at
the
making
of
that
law
were
in
the
Parliament
as-
sembled,
ever
meant
to
have
any
man
punished
by
death
in
whom
there
could
be
found
no
malice—taking
“malitia’
for
‘malevolentia’;
for
it
‘malitia’
be
generally
taken
for
‘sin,”
no
2.
behavior.
3.
reputation.
4.
i.c.
the
Middle
Temple,
one
of
the
Inns
of
Court.
5.
besides.
LIFE
OF
SIR
THOMAS
MORE
247
man
is
there
then
that
can
thereof
excuse
himself:
Quia
si
dixerimus
quod
peccatun
non
babenus,
nosmet
ipsos
seduci-
ns,
et
veritas
in
nobis
non
est.’
And
only
this
word
“anrali-
ciously’
is
in
the
statute
material
“—as
this
term
forcible’
is
in
the
statutc
of
forcible
entrics.
By
which
statute,
if
2
man
enter
peaccably,
and
put
not
his
adversary
out
forcibly,
it
is
no
offense.
But
if
he
put
him
out
forcibly,
then
by
that
statute
it
is
an
offense,
and
so
shall
he
be
punishcd
by
this
term
‘for-
cibly”?
“Besides
this
the
manifold
goodness
of
the
King’s
highness
himself,
that
hath
been
so
many
ways
my
singular
good
lord
and
gracious
sovercign,
that
hath
so
dearly
loved
and
trusted
me,
even
at
my
very
first
coming
into
his
noble
service
with
the
dignity
of
his
honorable
privy
council
vouchsafing
to
admit
me,
and
to
offices
of
great
credit
and
worship
most
liberally
ad-
vanced
me,
and
finally
with
that
weighty
room®
of
his
grace’s
High
Chancellor
(the
like
whereof
he
never
did
to
temporal
®
iman
before)
next
to
his
own
royal
person
the
highest
officer
in
this
noble
realm,
so
far
above
my
merits
or
qualities
able
and
meet
therefore,
of
his
incomparable
benignity
honored
and
exalted
me,
by
the
space
of
twenty
ycars
and
more
showing
his
continual
favor
towards
me.
And,
until
at
my
own
poor
suit,
it
pleased
his
highness,
giving
me
license
with
his
majesty’s
favor,
to
bestow
the
residuc
of
my
life
for
the
provision
of
my
soul
in
the
service
of
God—of
his
especial
goodness
thercof
to
discharge
and
unburthen
me—most
benignly
heaped
honors
continually
more
and
more
upon
me.
All
chis
his
highness’s
goodness,
I
say,
so
long
thus
bountifully
extended
towards
me,
were
in
my
mind,
my
lords,
matter
sufficient
to
convince!
this
slanderous
surmise
by
this
man
so
wrongfully
imagined
against
me.”
Master
Rich,
sceing
himsclf
so
disproved
and
his
credit
so
foully
defaced,
caused
Sir
Richard
Southwell
and
Master
l’z\lxl;cr,
that
at
the
time
of
their
communication
were
in
the
chamber,?
to
be
sworn
what
words
had
passed
berween
then
Whercupon
Master
Palmer,
upon
his
dcpositiun,
said
that
he
6.1
John
1:8.
7.
relevant.
8.
office.
9.
secular.
1.
refute.
2.
ie.
Morc's
quarters
in
the
Tower.
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LIFE
OF
SIR
THOMAS
MORE
was
so
busy
about
the
trussing-up
of
Sir
Thomas
More’s
books
in
a
sack
that
he
took
no
heed
to
their
talk.
Sir
Richard
South-
well
likewise,
upon
his
deposition,
said
that
because
he
was
ap-
pointed
only
to
look
unto
the
conveyance
of
his
books,
he
gave
no
ear
unto
them.
After
this
were
there
many
other
reasons,
not
now
in
my
remembrance,
by
Sir
Thomas
More
in
his
own
defense
alleged,
to
the
discredit
of
Master
Rich’s
aforesaid
evidence
and
proof
of
the
clearness
of
his
own
conscience.
Al
which
notwithstand-
ing,
the
jury
found
him
guilty.
And
incontinent
upon®
their
verdict,
the
Lord
Chancellor,
for
that
matter
chief
commissioner,
bcginning
to
proceed
in
judgment
against
him,
Sir
Thomas
More
said
to
him:
“My
Lord,
when
I
was
toward
¢
the
law,
the
manner
in
such
case
was
to
ask
the
prisoner
before
judgment,
why
judgment
should
not
be
given
aggist
him.”
Whercupon
the
Lord
Chancellor,
staying
his
judgment,
wherein
he
had
partly
proceeded,
de-
manded
of
him
what
he
was
able
to
say
to
the
contrary.
Who
then
in
this
sort
most
humbly
made
answer:
“Forasmuch
as,
my
lord,”
quoth
Qe,
“this
indictment
is
grounded
upon
an act
of
Parliament
directly
repugnant
to
the
laws
of
God
and
His
Holy
Church,
the
supreme
government
of
which,
or
of
any
part
whereof,
may
no
temporal
prince
presume
by
any
law
to
take
upon
him,
as
rightfully
belonging
to
the
Sec
of
Rome,
a
spiritual
pre-eminence
by
the
mouth
of
Our
Savior
himself,
personally
present
upon
the
carth,
only
to
Saint
Peter
and
his
successors,
Bishops
of
the
same
Sce,
by
spe-
cial
prerogative
granted;
it
is
therefore
in
law,
amongst
Christian
men,
insufficient
to
charge
any
Christian
man.”
And
for
proof
thereof
like
as
(among
divers
other
reasons
and
authorities)
he
declared
that
this
realm,
being
but
one
member
and
small
part
of
the
Church,
might
not
make
a
partic-
ular
law
disagrecable
with
the
general
law
of
Christ’s
universal
Catholic
Church,
no
more
than
the
City
of
London,
being
but
one
poor
member
in
respect
of
the
whole
realm,
might
make
2
law
against
an
act
of
Parliament
to
bind
the
whole
realm.
So
3.
incontinent
upon:
immediately
after.
4.
engaged
in
the
practice
of.
LIFE
OF
SIR
THOMAS
MORE
249
farther
showed
he
that
it
was
contrary
both
to
the
laws
“"fi
statutes
of
our
own
land
yet
unrepealed,
as
they
mlght_
evi-
dently
perceive
in
Magna
Charta:
Quod
eccle{za
A11gllcmmv
libera
sit,
et
habeat
ommia
iura
sua
integra
et
{zbe-rtntesprm,;
illaesas;®
and
also
contrary
to
that
sacred
ontl?
which
che
lxmg
S
highness
and
every
Christian
prince
always
with
great
solemnity
received
at
their
coronations.
Alleging,
moreover,
that
no
more
might
this
realm
of
England
refuse
obe.dience
to
ic
See
of
Rome
than
might
the
child
refuse
obedience
to
his
own
natural
father.
For,
as
Saint
Paul
said
of
the
Corinthian§,
“I
have
regenerated
vou
my
children
in
Christ,”
¢
so
might
S:?mt
Gregory,
Pope
Qf
i{omc,
of
whom
by
Saint
Augustine,
his
messenger,
we“fir.st
received
the
Christian
faith,
of
us
Englishmen
truly
say:
You
are
my
children
because
I
have
given
to
you
everlasting
salva-
tion,
a
far
higher
and
better
inheritnnc;
than
any
carnal
f:ufh‘er
can
leave
to
his
child,
and
by
regeneration
made
you
my
spirit-
ual
children
in
Christ.”
Then
was
it
by
the
Lord
Chancellor
thercunto
answere_d
that,
seeing
all
the
bishops,
universities,
and
best
lcarned
of
this
realm
had
to
this
act
agreed,
it
was
muc_h
marvelled
that
he
alone
against
them
all
would
so
stiffly
stlck_"
thereat,
and
so
vehemently
argue
there
against.
To
that
Sir
Thomas
More
replied,
saying:
)
»
]
“If
the
number
of
bishops
and
universitics
?)e
so
material
as
your
lordship
seemeth
to
take
it,
then
see
I
little
cause,
my
lord,
why
that
thing
in
my
consciencc
shoul.d
ma.kc
any
change.
For
I
nothing
doubt
but
that,
though
not
in
this
realm,
yet
in
Christendom
about,
of
these
well-learned
bishops
and
virtuous
men
that
are
yet
alive,
they
be
not
the
fewer
p:lrt.th:lt
be
of
my
mind
therein.
But
if
I
should
speak
ofAthos_c
which
alrcady
be
dead,
of
whom
many
be
now
holy
saints
in
heaven,
1
am
very
sure
it
is
the
far
greater
part
of
them
that,
alt
the
while
the'y
lived,
thought
in
this
case
that
way
that
I
think
n()\v.}Ami
therefore
am
1
not
bound,
my
lord,
to
conform
my
conscience
5.
“That
the
English
church
may
be
free,
and
th':u
it
may
exist
with
all
its
laws
uncorrupted
and
its
liberties
unviolated.
6.
|
Corinthians
3:1.
7.
stiffly
stick:
obstinately
refuse.
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250
LIFE
OF
SIR
THOMAS
MORE
to
the
council
of
one
rcalm
against
the
general
council
of
Christendom.”
Now
when
Sir
Thomas
More,
for
the
avoiding
of
the
indict-
ment,
had
taken
as
many
exceptions
as
he
thought
meet,
and
many
more
reasons
than
{
can
now
remember
alleged,
the
Lord
Chancellor,
loath
to
have
the
burthen
of
that
judgment
wholly
to
depend
upon
himself,
there
openly
asked
the
advice
of
the
Lord
Fitz-James,*
then
Lord
Chief
Justice
of
the
King’s
Bench,
and
joined
in
commission
with
him,
whether
this
indictment
were
sufficient
or
not.
Who,
like
a
wise
man,
answered:
“My
lords
all,
by
Saint
Julian”
(that
was
ever
his
oath),
“I
must
necds
confess
that
if
the
act
of
Parliament
be
not
unlawful,
then
is
not
the
indictment
in
my
conscience
insufficient.”
Whereupon
the
Lord
Chancellor
said
to
the
rest
of
the
Lords:
“Lo,
my
lords,
lo,
you
hear
what
my
Lord
Chief
Justice
saith,”
and
so
immediately
gave
he
judgment
against
him.
After
which
ended,
the
commissioners
vet
further
courte-
ously
offered
him,
if
he
had
anything
else
to
allege
for
his
de-
fense,
to
grant
him
favorable
audience.
Who
answered:
“More
have
I
not
to
say,
my
lords,
but
like
as
the
blessed
apostle
Saint
Paul,
as
we
read
in
the
Acts
of
the
Apostles,
was
present
and
consented
to
the
death
of
Saint
Stephen,
and
kept
their
clothes
that
stoned
him
to
death,
and
yet
be
they
now
both
twain
holy
saints
in
heaven,
and
shall
continue
there
friends
for-
cever,
so
I
verily
trust,
and
shall
therefore
right
heartily
pray,
that
though
your
lordships
have
now
here
in
carth
been
judges
to
my
condemnation,
we
may
yet
hereafter
in
heaven
merrily
all
meet
together,
to
our
everlasting
salvation.”
Thus
much
touching
Sir
Thomas
More’s
arraignment,
being
not
thereat
present
myself,
have
I
by
the
credible
report
partly
of
the
right
worshipful
Sir
Anthony
Saint
Leger,
knight,
and
partly
of
Richard
Heywood
and
John
Webbe,
gentlemen,
with
others
of
good
credit,
at
the
hearing
thercof
present
them-
selves,
as
far
as
my
poor
wit
and
memory
would
serve
me,
here
truly
rehearsed
unto
you.
Now
after
this
arraignment
departed
he
from
the
bar
to
8.
Sir
John
Firz-James
(1470?-1542?)
became
Chicf
Justice
in
1526,
LIFE
OF
SIR
THOMAS
MORE
251
the
Tower
again,
led
by
Sir
William
!(ingston,"
a
.mll,
strong,
and
comely
knight,
Constable
of
the
Tower,
and
his
very
dear
friend.
Who,
when
he
had
brought
him
from
Westminster
to
the
Old
Swan
towards
the
Tower,
there
with
an
heavy
l\carF,
the
tears
running
down
by
his
checks,
bade
him
farc\_vcll.
$11'
Thomas
More,
seeing
him
so
sorrowful,
comforted
Ill‘nl
with
as
good
words
as
he
could,
saying:
“Good
Mnstcx:
Kingston,
trouble
not
yourself
but
be
of
good
cheer;
for
I
will
pray
f9r
vou,
and
my
good
Lady,
your
wife,
that
we
may
meet
ll’l,
heaven
together,
where
we
shall
be
merry
for
ever
and
ever.
Soon
after,
Sir
William
Kingston,
talking
with
me
of
Sir
Thomas
More,
said:
“In
good
faith,
Master
Roper,
1
was
ashamed
of
mysclf
that,
at
my
departing from
your
fnthcr,.l
found
my
heart
so
feeble,
and
his
so
strong,
that
hc.w;\:
fain
to
comfort
me
which
should
rather
have
comforted
him.
When
Sir
Thomas
More
came
from
Westminster
to
the
Tower-ward
again,
his
daughter—my
wife—desirous
~to
see
her
father,
whom
she
thought
she
should
never
sce
in
this
world
after,
and
also
to
have
his
final
blessing,
gave
attendance
about
the
Tower
Wharf
where
she
knew
he
should
pass
by
before
he
could
enter
into
the
Tower—there
tarrying
for
his
coming
home.
]
A
As
soon
as
she
saw
him—after
his
blessing
on
her
.knccs
reverently
received—she
hasting
towards_
him
and,
thhf)ut
consideration
or
care
of
herself,
pressing
in
among
the
midst
of
the
throng
and
company
of
the
guard,
that
\Yxth
halberds
and
bills!
went
round
about
him,
hastily
ran
to
him
a_nd
there
openly,
in
the
sight
of
them
all,
embrace.d.hxm,
took
him
about
the
neck,
and
kissed
him.
Who,
well
llkmg.
her
most
nntur:}l
and
dear
daughterly
affection
towards
him,
gave
her_
his
fatherly
blessing
and
many
goodly
words
of
comfc?rt
bcsnd'es.
From
whom
after
she
was
departed
she,
not
satisficd
with
the
former
sight
of
him
and
like
one
that
had
forgotten
herself,
being
all-ravished
with
the
entire
love
of
her
dear
father,
hav-
ing
respect
neither
to
herself
nor
to
the
press
of
the
people
EPI
e
N
.
e
)
de
Con-
9.
After
a
distinguished
military
career,
Sir
William
was
mad
srable
of
the
Tow?:r
in
1524.
He
dicd
in
1540.
Cf.
above,
p.
173f.
1.
halberds
and
bills:
battle-axes
and
swords.
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252
LIFE
OF
SIR
THOMAS
MORE
and
multitude
that
were
there
about
him,
suddenly
turned
back
again,
ran
to
him
as
before,
took
him
about
the
neck,
and
divers
times
together
most
lovingly
kissed
him—and
at
last,
with
a
full
heavy
heart,
was
fain
to
depart
from
him.
The
be-
holding
whereof
was
to
many
of
them
that
were
present
thereat
so
lamentable
that
it
made
them
for
very
sorrow
thereof
to
mourn
and
weep.
’
So
remained
Sir
Thomas
More
in
the
Tower
more
than
a
seven-night
after
his
judgment.
From
whence,
the
day
before
he
suffered,®
he
sent
his
shirt
of
hair—not
willing
to
have
it
seen—to
my
wife,
his
dearly
beloved
daughter,
and
a
letter
written
with
a
coal,
contained
in
the
foresaid
book
of
his
works,
plainly
expressing
the
fervent
desire
he
had
to
suffer
on
the
morrow,
in
these
words
following:
“I
cumber*
you,
good
Margaret,
much;
bue
I
would
be
sorry
if
it
should
be
any
longer
than
tomorrow.
For
tomorrow
is
Saint
Thomas’s
Even
and
the
Utas
of
Saint
Peter;*
and
there-
fore
tomorrow
long
I
to
go
to
God.
It
were
a
day
very
meet
and
convenient
for
me,
etc.
I
never
liked
your
manner
towards
me
better
than
when
you
kissed
me
last.
For
I
like
when
daughterly
love
and
dear
charity
hath
no
leisure
to
look
to
worldly
courtesy.”
And
so
upon
the
next
morrow,
being
Tuesday,
Saint
Thomas’s
Even
and
the
Utas
of
Saint
Peter,
in
the
year
of
our
Lord
one
thousand
five
hundred
thirty
and
five,
according
as
he
in
his
letter
the
day
before
had
wished,
carly
in
the
morning
came
to
him
Sir
Thomas
Pope,
his
singular
friend,
on
message
from
the
King
and
his
council,
that
he
should
before
nine
of
the
clock
the
same
m?ming
suffer
death.
And
that
thercfore
forthwith
he
should
préparc
himself
thercunto.
“Master
Pope,”
quoth
he,
“for
your
good
tidings
T
most
heartily
thank
you.
I
have
been
always
much
bounden
to
the
King’s
highness
for
the
benefits
and
honors
that
he
hach
still
from
time
to
time
most
bountifully
heaped
upon
me.
And
yer
2.
ie.
with
the
implication
of
martyrdom.
3.
trouble.
4.
Saint.
Thomas's
Lven
and
the’
Utas
(ic.
octave)
of
Saint
Peter,
a
festivity
of
cight
days,
do
indeed
fall
on
July
6,
the
day
of
More's
exccution.
Bur
More
was
sentenced
on
July
1.
Roper
must
therefore
be
in
error
when
he
states
that
More
was
in
the
Tower
“more
than
a
seven-night
after
his
judgment.”
LIFE
OF
SIR
THOMAS
MORE
253
more
bound
am
I
to
his
grace
for
putting
me
into
this
place,
where
I
have
had
convenient
time
and
space
to
have
remem-
brance
of
my
end.
And
so
help
me
God,
most
qf
all,
Master
Pope,
am
I
bound
to
his
higlmess
that
it
plcasetl\
him
so
slmrtly
to
rid
me
out
of
the
miseries
of
this
wretched
world.
And
therefore
will
I
not
fail
earnestly
to
pray
for
his
grace,
both
here
and
also
in
another
world.”
)
.
“The
King’s
pleasure
is
further,”
quoth
Masts’r
Pope,
“that
at
vour
execution
you
shall
not
use
many
word_s.
i
“Master
Pope,”
quoth
he,
“you
do
well
to
give
me
warning
of
his
grace’s
pleasure,
for
otherwisc
1
had
purposed
at
tl'mt
time
somewhat
to
have
spoken,
but
of
no
matter
wherewith
his
grace,
or
any
other,
should
have
had
cause
to
be
ofie.ndcd.
Nevertheless,
whatsoever
I
intended,
I
am
ready
obediently
to
conform
myself
to
his
grace’s
commandment.s.
And
I
beseech
vou,
good
Master
Pope,
to
be
a
mean
l.ll‘lt’?
his
highness
that
my
daughter
Margaret
may
be
at
my
burial.
;
et
“The
King
is
content
already,”
qgoth
Master
loPe,
that
your
wife,
children,
and
other
your
friends
shall
have
liberty
to
be
present
thereat.”
o
.
“Q,
how
much
beholden
then,”
s:u.d
Sir
Thomas
More,
“am
I
to
his
grace
that
unto
my
poor
burial
vouchsafeth
to
have
so
gracious
consideration.”
]
]
)
Wherewithal
Master
Pope,
taking
his
leave
of
him,
coqld
not
refrain
from
weeping.
Which
Sir
Thomas
More
percslv-
ing,
comforted
him
in
this
wise:
“Quict
yourself,
go?d
li\/laster
Pope,
and
be
not
discomforted.
Fof
I
trust
that
we
shall,
once
in
heaven,
sce
each
other
full
merrily,
where
we”snall
be
sure
to
live
and
love
together
in
joyful
bliss
eternally.
|
Upon
whose
departure,
Sir
Thomas
Morf:,
as
one
thz}t
ha
been
invited
to
some
solemn
feast,
changed
hxmslef
into
his
best
apparel.
Which
Master
Lieutenant
espying,
ndVlSCd‘
hm}
:o
put
it
off,
saving
that
he
that
should
have
it
\\‘/‘as
but
2
javel.
)
“Whn't,
Master
Licutenant,”
quoth
h.e,
shall
I
acconlpt
him
a
javel
that
shall
do
me
this
day
so
singular
a
bcncfit.—_
N?};i
I
assure
you,
were
it
cloth-of-gold,
I.\vould
accompt
it
wel
bestowed
on
him,
as
Saint
Cyprian
did,
.who
gave
his
execu-
tioner
thirty
picces
of
gold.”
And
albeit
at
length,
through
5.
rogue.
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254
LIFE
OF
SIR
TIIOMAS
MORE
Master
Lieutenant’s
importunate
persuasion,
he
altered
his
apparel,
yet
after
the
example
of
that
holy
martyr,
Sainc
Cyp-
rian,
did
he
of
that
little
money
that
was
left
him
send
one
ange!
of
gold
to
his
exccutioner.
And
so
was
he
by
Master
Licutenant
broughe
out
of
the
Tower
and
from
thence
led
towards
the
place
of
execution.
Where,
going
up
the
scaffold,
which
was
so
weak
that
it
was
ready
to
fall,
he
said
merrily
to
Master
Licutenant:
“I
pray
you,
Master
Licutcnant,
see
me
safe
up
and,
for
my
coming
down,
let
me
shife
for
myself.”
Then
desired
he
all
the
people
thereabout
to
pray
for
him,
and
to
bear
witness
with
him
that
he
should
now
there
suffer
death
in
and
for the faith
of
the
Holy
Catholic
Church.
Which
done,
he
knecled
down
and
after
his
prayers
said,
turned
to
the
executioner
and
with
a
cheerful
countenance
spake
thus
to
him:
“Pluck
up
thy
spirits,
man,
and
be
not
afraid
to
do
thine
office.
My
ncck
is
very
short.
Take
heed
therefore
thou
strike
not
awry,
for
saving
of
thine
honesty.”
So
passed
Sir
Thomas
More
out
of
this
world
to
God
upon
the
very
same
day
in
which
himself
had
most
desired.
Soon
after
whose
death
came
intelligence
thereof
to
the
Emperor
Charles.
Whereupon
he
sent
for
Sir
Thomas
Llyor,
our
English
ambassador,
and
said
unto
him:
“My
Lord
Am-
bassador,
we
understand
that
the
King,
your
master,
hath
puc
his
faithful
servant
and
grave,
wise
counscllor,
Sir
Thomas
More,
to
death.”
Whereunto
Sir
Thomas
Elyot
answered
that
he
understood
nothing
thercof.
“Well,”
said
the
Emperor,
“it
is
too
true.
And
this
will
we
say,
that
if
we
had
been
master
of
such
a
serint,
of
whose
doings
ourself
have
had
these
many
vears
no
small
experience,
we
would
rather
have
lost
the
best city
of
our
dominions
than
have
lost
such
a
worthy
counscllor.”
‘Which
matter
was
by
the
same
Sir
Thomas
Elyor
to
mysclf,
to
my
wife,
to
Master
Clement
and
his
wife
to
Master
John
Heywood
and
his
wife,
and
unto
divers
other
his
friends
ac-
cordingly
reported.
Finis.
Deo
gratias.
Index
of
Names
Abbeville,
53
Adrian
V1,
Pope,
213,
216
Agnus
Deci,
70
Alyn,
Sir
John,
181
Amiens,
54-58
Albret,
Henri
de,
King
of
Navarre,
54,
63
Arbanois,
52
Ardes,
60
Argus,
154
Arthur,
Prince,
brother
of
Henry
V11,
86-87
Arundel,
Farl
of
(William
Fitz
Alan),
232
Arundel,
Sir
Thomas,
107
Assertion
of
the
Seven
Sacrainents,
The
(Henry
VD),
234
Assumption,
Feast
of,
57
Audeley,
Sir
Thomas,
226,
233,
236-37,
240,
244,
248-50
Augustine,
Doctor
(Agostino
d’Agostini),
155,
159,
161
Bainbridge,
Christopher,
Arch-
bishop
of
York,
16
Barton,
Flizabeth,
the
Nun
of
Can-
terbury,
230-31,
233,
236
Bath,
19
Bath,
Bishop
of.
See
Clerk,
John
Bath
Place,
80,
90
Bayonne,
Bishop
of,
86
Bell,
John,
Bishop
of
Worcester,
82
du
Biez,
Caprain
of
Boulogne,
49,
52
Billingsgare,
26
Black
I'riars
(London),
80,
82,
89,
216
Black
Friars
(Doncaster),
167
Blackheath,
17,
80
Blythe
Abbey,
147
Bohemia,
King
of,
184
Boleyn,
Anne,
Queen
of
England,
31-32,
36-38,
46-47,
77,
90,
95—
100,
123-24,
132,
141,
143,
214,
225,
228-29,
231,
238,
240
Boleyn,
George,
31
Boleyn,
Sir
Thomas,
31,
33,
69,
90,
98,
132,
231-32
Bologna,
University
of,
79
Bonner,
Edmund,
155
Boulogne,
49,
52-53
Bourbon,
Duke
of.
See
Charles,
Duke
of
Bourbon
Brandon,
Charles,
Duke
of
Suffolk,
53,
59-60,
68,
93-94,
98,
218,
244
Brercton,
William,
14344
i
Brian,
Le
Countie,
Captain
of
Pic-
ardy,
52
Bridewell,
12,
80,
89-90,
93
Britanny,
Duchy
of,
62
Bruges,
23,
51
Bucklersbury,
199
Butler,
Margaret,
33
Butts,
Doctor
William,
123-25
Calais,
7-9,
15,
49,
51,
67,
101
Cambrai,
215,
217
Cambridge,
University
of,
78-79,
208-09,
225
.
Campeggio,
Lorenzo,
Cardinal,
80,
90,
92,'95-97,
100-01,
216
Canterbury,
48
Canterbury,
Archbishop
of.
See
Cranmer,
Thomas;
Warham,
William
i
Carlisle,
Bishop
of.
Sce
Kite,
John
de
Castello,
Hadrian,
19
Castle
Angel
(Castello
San
An-
gelo),
45-46
Catherine,
Queen,
11,
31,
37,
80-83,
85-88,
90-92,
95,
183,
202,
214,
216,
228,
230
255
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