Midterm 3 Study Guide: Key Questions on Art and Religion

Mid term 3 questions 1 .Which term describes the followers of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam that believe that onlyone god created and rules the universe? monotheistic 2. From which period do most of the earliest surviving examples of Jewish art date? Hellenistic and Roman 3. The first synagogue at Dura Europos was located in a what? House 4. What is the significance of the contrast between the plain exterior of the Oratory of GallaPlacidia (Figs. 7-19, 7-20, and 7-21) and its highly decorated interior? It symbolizes the transition from the real world into a supernatural realm. 5. What was considered suspect because Jewish law prohibited the worship of idols? sculpture in the round 6.Most examples of Early Christian sculpture created before the fourth century are what? sarcophagi and small statues 7.The small rooms in catacombs that were frequently plastered and painted were called what? cubicula

8. Any large room where Torah scrolls are kept and read publicly can function as a what? Synagogue 9. In the Catacomb of Commodilla, Jesus is depicted as what? King of Heaven 10. Which scene from the life of Jesus shows the archangel Gabriel informing the Virgin Mary that God has chosen her to bear his Son? Annunciation 11. What innovative feature of St. Peter’s provided space for the clergy and pilgrims? transept 12. What did Early Christians often employ as prefigurations of important events in the Christian Bible? episodes from the Hebrew Bible 13. What did Jews and Christians use for burials and funerary ceremonies, not as places of worship? Catacombs 14. Discoveries at Dura-Europos in the 1930s contradicted what long-held scholarly belief? Jews of this period did not create any sort of figurative art. 15. The wall between the nave arcade and the clerestory in Early Christian churches was typically decorated with Mosaics

16. The Eucharist is an elaborate ceremony in Christian worship involving the ritual consumption of bread and wine, which are identified as Christ’s what? the celebration of the Eucharist 17. Why were central-plan structures used for baptisteries, as well as for martyrs’ churches and tombs? Christians "died" in baptism and were reborn as believers. 18. The Good Shepherd, a Christian symbol that was based on pagan images of Apollo, Hermes, and Orpheus, is considered an example of what? syncretism 29. Which two words are typically used to describe Christian art? iconic; narrative 30.The Book of Kells (Fig. 15-1) was produced on what? Vellum 31.What is the Chi-Rho page? A feature of insular gospel book 32.What is was the most likely use of the Lindisfarne Gospel Book? It was carried during processionals and displayed on the altar. 33.Seafaring bands of Norse seamen were called what? Vikings 34.What structure is at the center of the Saint Gall plan (Fig. 15-19), which reflects the basic design used in the layout of medieval monasteries? a cloister

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35.Charlemagne established a dynasty and an empire known today as what? Carolingian 36.Which plan did most Carolingian churches follow? Basilica 37.Which work—one of the most famous Carolingian manuscripts—uses ink drawings toillustrate the words and images of individual psalms literally? Utrecht paslter 38.Who were the Carolingians? were named after the men of the line bearing the name Charles or Carolus who were bold fierce and absolutely faithful to the Catholic church. 39.What objects are associated with Queen Arnegunde? Jewlery like silver, gold and glass beads 40.What is the significance of the Sutton Hoo ship burial? it showed that England was not a dead zone for the arts after the Romans left during the 5th century 41.Supported by the Carolingians, the most dominant form of monasticism throughout Europe became what? Benedictine 42.Monumental stone crosses were influenced by what? Metal working traditions 43. What is notable about the Doors of Bishop Bernward in Hildesheim (Fig. 15- 27)? They were the most complex bronze-casting project undertaken since antiquity.

44.Who were the Merovingians? Early rulers of the franks 45.What are the characteristics of the animal style? abstract animal motifs merge with geometric and organic motifs, creating a lively and intricate pattern, especially in metalwork . 46.What is a colophon? An inscription, usually on the last page, giving information about a book's manufacture. In Chinese painting, written texts on attached pieces of paper or silk 47.What is a carpet page? In early medieval manuscripts, a decorative page resembling a textile 48.What are the picture stones at Jelling? Massive carved runestones 10th centery, On one side of the stone Christ can be seen and on the other an animal with a snake coiled around it . 49. What is represented on the Hildesheim Doors? the most ambitious bronze-casting project undertaken since antiquity 50. Which was the largest church in Europe at the time of its completion in 1130? Chuny 111 51.What is the Leaning Tower of Pisa at the cathedral complex at Pisa? Campanile 52.The oldest known bronze tomb effigy is of who? King rudolf of swabia

53. What feature distinguishes Cluniac churches in Burgundy from those else where? the use of corinthian columns and other classicizing elements 54. How do the reliefs on the left wall of the south porch of the Priory Church of Saint-Pierre at Moissac (Fig. 16-23) differ from imagery carved on the tympanum (Fig. 16-21) of that church? They are more likey to convey human frailty 54.What do the carved historiated capitals such as The Magi Asleep And The Flight into Egypt (Fig. 16-25) inside the Cathedral of Saint-Lazare emphasize? the human qualities of religious stories 56. Which new system of masonry, which would become a hallmark of later Gothic architecture, was introduced in Durham Cathedral (Fig. 16-18)? A ribbed groin vault 57. Cluny was unusual among monasteries because the abbot answered to whom? The pope 58. The practical nature of the Cistercians led to what change in the traditional monastery plan? key buildings placed at rigght angles to the cloister 59.What does the imagery of the Norman Conquest depicted in the Bayeux Embroidery (Figs. 16-31, 16-32, and 16-33)? Anecdotal 60. What architectural element of Romanesque portals was used to depict the most important imagery? Tympanum

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61.What was the objection to the Reliquary Statue of Sainte Foy (Fig. 16-6) initially held by St. Bernard of Angers? The reliquary's form seemed idolatrous 62.Why is the Church of Sant Vincenç (Fig. 16-3) an example of the “First Romanesque”? it relies on stone-vaulting and masonry construction 63.Which new system of masonry, which would become a hallmark of later Gothic architecture, was introduced in Durham Cathedral (Fig. 16-18)? ribbed groin vaults 64. Cluny was unusual among monasteries because the abbot answered to whom? The Pope 65. The practical nature of the Cistercians led to what change in the traditional monastery plan? key buildings placed at rigght angles to the cloister 66. What does the imagery of the Norman Conquest depicted in the Bayeux Embroidery (Figs. 16-31, 16-32, and 16-33)? anecdotal 67. What architectural element of Romanesque portals was used to depict the most important imagery? Typanum 68. What was the objection to the Reliquary Statue of Sainte Foy (Fig. 16-6) initially held by St. Bernard of Angers?

The reliquary's form seemed idolatrous 69. Why is the Church of Sant Vincenç (Fig. 16-3) an example of the “First Romanesque”? it relies on stone-vaulting and masonry construction

Images The good SHEPHERD ~The art is in side the oratory of Galla placidia ,revenna ~Inside covered with decoration ~ An image of the Good Shepherd appears within a semicircular lunette at the end of one arm ~ Lunette over the entrance, Oratory of Galla Placidia. c. 425–426. Mosaic. ~Cameraphoto Arte, Venice ~ chapel now known as the Mausoleum of Galla Placidia presents a traditional theme of Christian Who made this art ~ alviati and Co. of Venice and Signor Rosario Riolo , who is known as the restorer of mosaics of the Norman period in Sicil

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PSALM 23, THE UTRECHT PSALTER ~c. 816–835. Ink on parchment, 13 x 9⅞" (33 x 25 cm). Utrecht University Library. MS. 32, fol. 13r. ~One of the most famous Carolingian manuscripts, ~illustrated with ink drawings that match the linear vitality encountered in ~ The Utrecht Psalter is an illuminated manuscript from Reims, France produced during the Carolingian Empire, circa 830, that's famous for its rich palette of motifs, illustrations of the psalms and canticles, revolutionary dynamic style, and visual messages about proper rulership .

SOUTH PORTAL, TYMPANUM SHOWING CHRIST IN MAJESTY, PRIORY CHURCH OF SAINT-PIERRE, MOISSAC Tarn-et-Garonne, France. c. 1115. Two side jambs and a trumeau (central portal pier) support the weight of the lintel and tympanum. These elements have scalloped profiles that playfully undermine the ability of the colonettes on the door jambs to perform their architectural function. They give a sense of instability to the lower part of the portal, as if to underline the ability of the stable figure of Christ in Majesty to provide his own means of support. St. Peter and the prophet Isaiah flank the doorway on the jambs. Peter, a tall, thin saint, steps away from the door but twists back to look through it. The TRUMEAU ( FIG. 16–22 ) is faced by a crisscrossing pair of lions. On the side visible here, a prophet, usually identified as Jeremiah,

twists toward the viewer, with legs crossed in a pose that would challenge his ability to stand, much less move. The sculptors placed him in skillful conformity with the constraints of the scalloped trumeau; his head, pelvis, knees, and feet moving into the pointed cusps. This decorative scalloping, as well as the trumeau lions and lintel rosettes, may reveal the influence of Islamic art. Moissac was under construction shortly after the First Crusade, when many Europeans first encountered the Islamic art and architecture of the Holy Land. People from the region around Moissac participated in the crusade; perhaps they brought Islamic objects and ideas home with them.

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AH Midterm 3

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