W5 FA, Tool Making

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University of Hawaii *

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151

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Anthropology

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Jan 9, 2024

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Week 5 Friday activity. Tool making. This is participation day for the Honu team. Summary: Breakout groups compare the toolmaking ability of chimpanzees and Homo habilis . Part 1. Before Friday, watch this video (30 seconds) of a chimpanzee fishing for termites: Fishing for termites Before Friday, read the article (1.5 pp): "Chimpanzee termite fishing." Look for pdf in the Readings folder inside Resources on Laulima. Questions Be prepared to answer these questions (take notes so you are ready to discuss in class): 1) Are termites edible? Are they nutritious? Research on page 2 (Termites) of this article: Food of the future??? Optional - read: Edible and medicinal termites Termites are edible and highly nutritious. They generally consist of up to 38 percent protein and are rich in iron, calcium, essential fatty acids and amino acids. 2) Define "culture." Culture is the learned patterns for social behaviors---like thinking, feeling, acting---of a particular group that are typically passed down from generation. 3) Why does termite fishing represent cultural behaviour? See "Chimpanzee termite fishing" article. It represents cultural behavior because it shows the ways in which chimpanzees have developed their own unique ways of using different tools or methods to fish for termites. Recent studies have also indicated that mothers share their tools with their young to “teach” them these skills. 4) What is "cumulative culture"? See "Chimpanzee termite fishing" article. “Cumulative culture” means that skills and technologies accumulate over generations, and they become more complex than what one individual could invent alone.

Part 2. Before Friday, watch this video (5 mins.) about the earliest evidence for stone tools. These are called Oldowan tools and they were most likely made by Homo habilis . The toolmaking animal Answer these questions and be prepared to discuss: 5) How old are the earliest tools found at Olduwai gorge? 1.8 million years old (maybe 2.6? Generally 2 million ish) 6) What is the difference between core and flake tools? A core is a tool that has been broken by repeated strikes of a hammer stone. Flakes are smaller shards of struck that are struck from the core. 7) What were these tools used for? The sharp edges on the tools are used to remove meat from large mammal carcasses. 8) Why do Oldowan tools represent "cumulative culture" (as defined in the "Chimpanzee termite fishing" article)? They represent “cumulative culture” because they are a form of technology that has been developed by hominins. These tools are used throughout the species, and they have developed those tools to be more efficient as the species evolved. How were they able to identify that the stones were tools and not just rocks? - Found in very fine grained lake beds, so they couldn’t have gotten there by themselves - Sharp edges and scars

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W5 FA, Tool Making

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