Midterm Exam: Questions on Cultural Anthropology & Linguistics

Midterm Exam Test Details Description  This exam contains questions regarding Lessons 1 through 4. Resources are allowed.  You will have 60 minutes to complete it.  It consists of 26 true/false, multiple-choice, multiple-answer, matching, short answer, and fill-in-the-blank questions.  This exam is worth 200 points.  Do NOT open the exam until you are ready to complete the entire exam as you will have only one opportunity to take it. Instructions Total Questions 26 Total Points 200 1. True/False: Points: 4 The belief that one's own culture represents the best way to do things is cultural relativism. True False 2. True/False: Points: 4 The task of understanding the ways in which people bring about changes in their cultures, deal with those changes, sometimes resist them, and try to understand them is cultural anthropology True False 3. Multiple Choice: Points: 4 The idea that each culture is unique and distinctive but that no one culture is superior is ______________. cultural relativism Postmodernism ethnocentrism structuralism

4. Multiple Choice: Points: 4 In linguistics, syntax refers to the... rules governing the formation of words and construction of sentences. study of sounds in combination. rules governing the making of phrases, clauses, and sentences. principles governing the production, transmission, and receiving of speech sounds 5. Multiple Choice: Points: 4 A phoneme is… the smallest unit of sound that carries meaning. a combination of sounds in a language. the smallest class of sounds that may make a difference in meaning# a chart that lists all written symbols for the sounds produced in a language 6. Matching: Points: 16 Match the following descriptions or examples to the appropriate term Answer Marcel Mauss French Anthropologist that explored gift giving - an in- depth exploration into reciprocity A. Marcel Mauss balanced reciprocity the Kula exchange B. balanced reciprocity an example of redistribution Potlatch system of Native Americans C .an example of redistribution email scammers requesting money Negative Reciprocity C. email scammers requesting money 7. Short Answer: Points: 5 What is the style of speech that varies depending on who is speaking to whom and in what context? _____ Register________ 8. Short Answer: Points: 5

What is the approach to anthropology developed in British anthropology that emphasized the way parts of a society work together to support the functioning of the whole? ___ Functionalism______ 9. Short Answer: Identify: Points: 5 What is the term of the anthropological commitment to consider the full scope of human life, including culture, biology, history, and language across space and time .... taking a broad view of the historical, environmental, and cultural foundations of behavior? ______ Holism_____ 10. Short Answer: Points: 5 What was the term that was coined to describe an earlier and discredited method of anthropological research that did not involve direct contact with the people studied? _ Armchair Anthropology_ 11. Short Answer: Points: 5 What is a system of communication that through speech, writing, signs, and a collection of sounds is understood by a group of people? __ Language__ 12. Matching: Points: 16 Match the terms to the descriptions. Answer Question Items Answer Items This is the reliance on a single plant species as a food source. It leads to decreased dietary diversity and carries the risk of malnutrition. Mono-cropping A.This is the reliance on a single plant species as a food source. It leads to decreased dietary diversity and carries the risk of malnutrition. In inaccurate way of portraying indigenous groups or minority cultures as innocent, childlike, or uncorrupted by the negative characteristics of "civilization. Noble Savage B.In inaccurate way of portraying indigenous groups or minority cultures as innocent, childlike, or uncorrupted by the negative characteristics of "civilization. A property of language describing the fact that there is no natural connection between the linguistic form and its Arbitrariness C.A property of language describing the fact that there is no natural connection between the linguistic form and its

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meaning meaning A nonlinguistic means of vocal expression: rate, pitch, tone, etc. Paralanguage D.A nonlinguistic means of vocal expression: rate, pitch, tone, etc. D. convention E. swidden farming 13. True/False: Points: 4 A measurement of the number of calories that can be extracted from a particular unit of land in order to support a human population is the carrying capacity. True False 14. True/False: Points: 4 Farmers who produce only enough food to meet the needs of their own and of their households but not for sale to others is agriculture. True False 15. True/False: Points: 4 The Horti people created horticulture True False 16. True/False: Points: 4 The following are ALL examples of "means of production:" machines, tools, land, raw materials, people. True

False 17. Matching: Points: 16 Match the following anthropologists to their contributions in anthropology. Answer Question Items Answer Items A. Functionalist, fieldwork techniques in participant observation in the Pacific with the Trobriand Islanders Bronislaw Malinowski A. Functionalist, fieldwork techniques in participant observation in the Pacific with the Trobriand Islanders B. Mapped the Baffin Island, learned the local language and discovered that participant observation was the best technique for learning about another culture. Considered the "father" of American anthropology. Franz Boas B. Mapped the Baffin Island, learned the local language and discovered that participant observation was the best technique for learning about another culture. Considered the "father" of American anthropology. Early anthropologist...wrote The Golden Bough: A study of Comparative Religion. Sir James Frazer C. Early anthropologist...wrote The Golden Bough: A study of Comparative Religion. Is considered one of the first to attempt to define and describe culture. Sir E. B. Tyler D.Is considered one of the first to attempt to define and describe culture. E. Focused on the family because he wrote that it served as the most important social structure. F .a student of Boas, he was interested in how cultures

change over time. 18. Matching: Points: 16 Match the term or person to the best description. Answer Question Items Answer Items A founding member of postmodern anthropology Clifford Geertz A. A founding member of postmodern anthropology Student of Boaz interested in culture change and diffusion of cultural traits. Alfred Louis Kroeber B. Student of Boaz interested in culture change and diffusion of cultural traits. Student of Boas - emphasized patterns for thinking and behaving - culture affects individual psychologically Ruth Benedict C. Student of Boas - emphasized patterns for thinking and behaving - culture affects individual psychologically. Student of Boas, wrote about teenagers in Samoa Margaret Mead D. Student of Boas, wrote about teenagers in Samoa 19. Short Answer: Points: 25 Who is Napolean Chagnon? What is the debate about his research? This will be instructor graded Napoleon Chagnon was a controversial American anthropologist who was known for conducting research on the Yanomami people. His research on the Yanomami people has been questioned by many. Critics would often accuse Chagnon of instigating violence between the Yanomami people to falsify data. 20. Multiple Choice: Points: 4

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This theory was popular in 19th century anthropology suggesting that societies evolved through stages from simple to advanced. It was believed that European culture was the most advanced and all other cultures were evolving with the main goal to be as advanced as European culture. functionalism cultural evolutionism Salvage anthropology Structuralism 21. Multiple Choice: Points: 4 This type of research method relies on numerical data to explains patterns of human behavior. Deductive approach Qualitative research Inductive approach Quantitative research 22. Multiple Choice: Points: 4 Which of the following is NOT an ethnographic technique? Conservations and Interviews Collecting Life Histories Kinship Mapping Advertise for local help with a thick description of the research 23. Matching: Points: 16 Match the culture with its main food source. Answer Question Items Answer Items Yams Trobriand A. Yams corn and beans Mayan or Southwest Native Americans B. corn and beans cattle Maasai C. cattle wild orchard fruit Nukak D. wild orchard frui 24. Fill in the Blank: Points: 5

If the salaula , the second-hand clothing markets in Zambia are part of the informal economy, then _____ Goodwill_____ is a U.S. equivalent? (Instructor graded question) 25. Short Answer: Points: 7 Describe the Kula Exchange that takes place between partners on the Trobriand Islands. This will be instructor graded The Kula exchange was a ceremonial event that was conducted on the Milne Bay Province of New Guinea. The idea was that the people would exchange nonuse goods to increase one’s social status. 26. Short Answer: Points: 10 What is "structural violence?" Define/describe the term and give examples from the U.S. and another country This will be instructor graded. Example: U.S. cities and minimum wage. Etc Structural violence is a term used to describe violence that is caused by social structure or social institution. An example of this that occurs in many parts of the world is racism. Throughout human history, racism has been a core issue that has caused social issues to this day.

Midterm Exam[2815]

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