ANTH1101-FEX-F21-2

ANTHROPOLOGY 1101-009 FINAL EXAM, December 14, 2021 Name Sophia Ferreira ________________________________Student No. 801209858 ________________________ Read each multiple-choice statement carefully, because there is only one correct answer (worth 2 points each). Take your time because you should have no difficulty in completing this exam in the allotted time. 1. Children learn how to behave correctly as part of a particular community’s culture: A. through an extended learning process. B. because of the genetic pattern they inherit from their parents. C. through observations of other members of their community. D. A & C 2. What distinguishes human cultural behavior from non-cultural behavior? A. Cultural behaviors are built into our genes and non-cultural ones are not. B. Cultural behaviors are learned and non-cultural ones are not. C. Non-cultural behaviors are learned and cultural ones are not. D. A & C 3. The amount of violence within human societies: A. has declined as we have evolved away from our primate ancestors. B. has declined since the development of cities and the rise of civilization. C. increased with the development of cities and increasing social hierarchy. D. is due mostly to the effects of poor parenting that creates selfish individuals. 4. Edward B. Tylor and Lewis Henry Morgan are associated with: A. classical or unilineal evolutionism B. diffusionism C. Kulturkreise D. cultural materialism 5. Sex, gender, and sexuality are interconnected concepts. For anthropologists, the term ________ refers to the set of cultural expectations about proper behavior for males and females, while the term ___________ refers to the division of our species into biological categories of male and female. A. sex gender B. gender sex C. sexism sexual orientation D. sexuality gender identification. 6. An example of religious syncretism would be the: A. success of Protestant sects at gaining converts from Catholicism B. spread of Catholicism throughout Latin American countries C. revival of ancient Maya religion by Indians of highland Guatemala D. Indian worship of the Virgin Mary at a former shrine to an Aztec goddess 7. The holistic perspective of anthropological research means: A. Anthropologists recognize that their research is full of holes. B. Anthropologists attempt to study the entirety of the human species’ experience. C. Anthropologists attempt to fill in the holes in our understanding of humans. D. The main focus of anthropology is keeping cultures intact and unchanging. 8. The maximum population of a species allowed by existing environmental conditions is known as: A. carrying capacity. B. environmental equilibrium. C. the top of the food chain. D. population curve.

ANTHROPOLOGY 1101 FINAL EXAM 12/14/2021 PAGE 2 9. Mary Douglas stresses which role of cultural behaviors? A. practical B. materialistic C. symbolic D. biological 10. Franz Boas is associated with what school of anthropological theory? A. Kulturkreise B. Diffusionist C. Historical Particularism D. Unilineal Evolutionism 11. Kuru among the Fore of Papua New Guinea is passed from person to person by: A. cannibalism. B. sharing drinking vessels. C. airborne microorganisms. D. sexual contact. 12. Many anthropologists utilize the scientific method. In anthropology and other social science research, theories: A. are well-supported explanations of what we observe. B. are evaluated by seeing how consistent they are with observations. C. provide guidance for collecting further information. D. all of the above 13. All research methods have pros and cons. Participant-observation has the advantage of: A. It is effective for gaining information about a large sample of people. B. It is effective for getting information about the details of daily life behavior. C. It is effective for getting information about the interrelationships of genetics and behavior. D. It is effective in getting ethnographic information quickly. 14. Which of the following was invented, as opposed to discovered? A. The radioactive properties of uranium. B. The laws of relativity. C. The nature of a nuclear chain reaction. D. The atomic bomb. 15. A religious specialist who is full-time, trains for their profession, and possesses knowledge rather than power is a: A. shaman. B. sorcerer. C. priest. D. magician. 16. The belief that a culture’s ideas and practices should be described objectively and understood in the context of that culture’s problems and opportunities is known as: A. holism B. ethnocentrism C. cultural relativism D. cultural determinism 17. Which one of the following is true of the relationship between religion and legal systems? A. Both perform many of the same functions. B. In complex cultures, law completely replaces religion as a basis for behavior. C. Some basic ideals of a legal system derive from religious beliefs. D. They ideally operate in harmony with one another within a cultural system.

ANTHROPOLOGY 1101 FINAL EXAM 12/14/2021 PAGE 4 27. Syncretism is: A. when aspects of a culture all change together B. a synonym for a West Indian religious tradition C. the blending of new religious practices with traditional ones D. following newly created religious beliefs 28. The general purpose(s) of anthropological research is: A. to judge other communities’ culture and practices against our own. B. to help reach conclusions about the origins of human behavior. C. to help understand the diversity of human experience. D. B & C 29. Based on your anthropological knowledge of recent culture change, what has recent progress brought to some small scale traditional societies such as the Kung San (“Bushmen”), the Yanomamo people of the Amazon area, and others? A. loss of egalitarianism B. environmental destruction C. increased disease D. all of the above 30. In an anthropological context, magic refers to: A. what David Blaine and David Copperfield do in their acts B. phony supernatural deeds performed by people to demonstrate their powers C. evil supernatural deeds performed by one human against another D. acts performed to try to control the supernatural For each item in Column A, indicate the letter in Column B that matches it most closely (1 point each). A. B. 31.___G__ Holiness Church A. The belief in the possession of supernatural power by people, animals, places or objects. 32.__C___ Horticulture B. The eating of human flesh from members of one’s own society. 33.__A___ Animism C. Cultivation using simple tools on small plots, relying on human power. 34.___M__ Revolution D. Individual who had the ability to sicken and to cure, and who often served as spiritual guide to chiefs. 35.__D___ Shaman E. One of the best studied hunting and gathering societies of the Kalahari Desert. 36.___B__ Endocannibalism F. T he idea that human behaviors have a biological basis with minimal influences from culture. 37.__K___ Witchcraft G. Started in the first decade of the twentieth century in Tennessee and are now found mostly in the southeast. 38.___E__ !Kung San H. Found footprints of Australopithecus afrensis. 39.___O__ Ebola, West Nile Fever, H5N1 K. The Azande of East Africa, typically attribute crop failures to __________. 40.___F__ Biological determinism M. Rapid and extensive culture change generated from within a society. O. Examples of any of a group of diseases, of various causes, that have newly appeared or are rapidly expanding their range in the human species.

ANTHROPOLOGY 1101 FINAL EXAM 12/14/2021 PAGE 5 Choose five (and only five) of the following terms and give a two or three sentence definition, including an example (2 points each). You may answer on the back of this page if needed and number your answers. 41. Sorcerer A sorcerer is known as one to practice magic with evil intent. Also known as a wizard or witch. An example of sorcery or magic done by a sorcerer is Voodoo. 42. Holy Ghost People The Holy Ghost people are the known followers of the Holiness church. Founded in Tennessee and now currently found in the South east. The practices of the holy ghost people is that they believe they receive the holy ghost and could speak in tongues & partake in other miracles. 43. Westen LaBarre Westen LaBarre was an anthropologist who suggested that the Holiness services provided a way of sexual expression. Opposite sex interaction required much physical contact which may be a point where he had come to that conclusion. 44. Cargo Cults Cargo Cults is an indigenous belief based on the faith towards the ancestors. Where in worshipping they would be brought or blessed with good and food. 47. Co-wife resentment In a polygomous family ‘co-wife resentment’ can be found. Where the wife holds resentment and hostility toward the other wife out of jealousy.

ANTHROPOLOGY 1101 FINAL EXAM 12/14/2021 PAGE 7 Answer the following long essay questions on this page front and back if necessary . Hint: be creative then outline your answer, please write clearly and to the point. This essay is worth 20 points . 53. You are an anthropologist hired by the government in Afghanistan that has recently undergone a transformation because of the withdrawal of American troops (2019) with rampant insurgency, civil chaos, and disease; and is sinking into a state of possible civil war. Your task is to implement political and economic measures to stabilize the population, and you must identify and consider of some of the social and cultural differences between Muslim residents and NATO peace keeping personnel. Illustrate your answer using these contrasts as they apply to economics, social structure, and political organization. Being an anthropologist in such a scenario- with the task at hand to implement political and economic measures through training sites and establishing structure and order. Understanding the issue of the type of aid materials provides to developing nations are wrongfully established as a superficial gesture- where they might be profiting for the goods that were provided and the core may not have true means of help. I would want to go in and find a member that understands politics and the needs of the people that are there. Not just pushing on a structure or setup from a different country and culture but implementing the culture of the people and accessing the issue at hand with an anthropological perspective. Creating a system in a wholesome way to truly extend help without expecting to reason or change- that is the practice of altruism.